1. شَهِدَ
1 $ahida * , (S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, K,) aor. $ahada ; (K;) and $ahuda , aor. $ahuda ; (K;) also pronounced and written $ahoda , (Akh, S, K,) and $ihoda , and $ihida , accord. to a rule applying to all verbs of the measure faEila of which the medial radical letter is a faucial; (MF;) inf. n. $ahaAdapN (S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, K) and $hd ; (TA;) [there written without any syll. sign, and not found by me in any other Lex.;]) He told, or gave information of, what he had witnessed, or seen or beheld with his eye: (Mgh, L, Msb:) this is the primary signification: (L:) he declared what he knew: he gave testimony, attestation, or evidence; he bore witness: (L:) he gave decisive information. (S, A, L, K.) [See also $ahaAdapN below.] You say, $ahida bika*aA , inf. n. as above, (S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, K,) He told, or gave information of, such a thing, as having witnessed it, or seen or beheld it with his eye; (Mgh, Msb;) or declared such a thing as knowing it; (L;) or gave his testimony, attestation, or evidence, respecting it; or bore witness of it, or to it; (S, A, L, K;) Einoda AlHaAkimi [ in the presence of the judge ]; lifulaAnK [ for, or in favour of, such a one ], (S, Mgh, L, K,) and EalaY fulaAnK [ against, or in opposition to, such a one ]. (Mgh.) And $ahida EalaY ka*aA He gave decisive information [ respecting such a thing (as in the Kur xlvi. 9, and in many other instances); he testified respecting it ]. (S, L. [See also another meaning of this phrase in what follows.]) [Hence,] $ahida A@ll~`hu A^an~ahu laA A_ilaAha A_il~aA huwa , in the Kur [iii. 16], means God hath given evidence that there is no deity but He: (Abu-l- 'Abbás, IAmb, Jel:) or God knoweth &c.; (Ah- mad Ibn-Yahyà, K;) and so $ahida A@ll~`hu throughout the Kur-án: (Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà:) or God saith &c.: or God hath written &c. (K.) And A^a$ohadu A^ano laA A_ilaAha A_il~aAA@ll~`hu I know, (Msb, K,) [or acknowledge, ] and I declare, [or testify, that there is no deity but God: ] (K:) [Fei says,] the verb is trans. in this phrase by itself [i. e. without the intervention of a prep.] because it is used in the sense of A^aEolamu . (Msb.) [And hence, kalimapu Al$~ahaAdapi means The sentence declaring that there is no deity but God and that Mohammad is God's apostle. ] ― -b2- $ahida biA@ll~`hi , (Mgh, * Msb,) aor. $ahada , inf. n. $ahaAdapN , (Mgh,) means He swore by God: (Mgh, Msb:) and A^a$ohadu bika*aA I swear by such a thing. (S, K.) A^a$ohadu biA@ll~`hi laqado kaAna ka*aA I swear by God that such a thing happened, or took place, combines the meaning of witnessing with that of swearing and that of informing at the time of uttering these words; as though the speaker said, I swear by God that I witnessed such a thing, and now I inform of it. (Msb.) Accord. to some, when one says only A^a$ohadu , not adding biA@ll~`hi , it is an oath. (TA.) ― -b3- $ahida EalaY ka*aA , a phrase of which one meaning has been expl. above, means also He became a witness ( $aAhid ) of, or to, such a thing; (S, K;) he had knowledge of such a thing, and witnessed it, or saw it or beheld it with his eye: (Msb:) and $ahidahu , (Mgh, L,) inf. n. $ahaAdapN , (L,) [likewise] signifies he witnessed it; or saw, or beheld, it, or him, with his eye; (Mgh, L;) and (Mgh, L, Msb) so ↓ $Ahdhu , (A, Mgh, L, Msb, K,) inf. n. mu$aAhadapN . (S, A, L, Msb.) [Hence,] one says, minohu HaAlN jamiylapN ↓ $uwhidato [ A comely, or pleasing, state, or condition, of him was witnessed ]. (A.) ― -b4- And $ahidahu , (aor. $ahada , K,) inf. n. $uhuwdN , He was, or became, present at it, or in it; (S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, * K;) namely, a place, (Mgh,) or an assembly. (Msb.) Hence the saying, (Msb,) famano $ahida minokumu A@l$~ahora faloyaSumohu , in the Kur [ii. 181], Therefore whosoever of you shall be present in the month, and stationary, not journeying, he shall fast therein (Mgh, Msb) as long as he shall remain present and stationary: (Msb:) Al$hr being here in the accus. case as an adv. n. of time. (Mgh, Msb.) [And hence,] $ahida AljumoE