شُعَب

1 $aEaba * , (S, Msb,) aor. $aEaba , (Msb,) inf. n. $aEobN , (A, Msb, K,) He collected; brought, gathered, or drew, together; or united; (S, A, Msb, K;) a thing, (S,) any thing or things, and a people or party: (Msb:) and he separated; put apart, or asunder; divided; disunited; or dispersed or scattered; (S, A, Msb, K;) a thing, (S,) any thing or things, and a people or party: (Msb:) thus having two contr. significations: (S:) so expressly state A'Obeyd and Aboo-Ziyád: (TA:) but accord. to IDrd, it has not two contr. significations [in one and the same dial.]: he says that the two meanings are peculiar to the dials. of two peoples, (Msb, TA, *) each meaning belonging to the dial. of one people exclusively. (TA.) [Hence, as it seems to be indicated in the S and A, or from $aEobN meaning “ a tribe, ” as it seems to be indicated in the Ham p. 538,] one says, tafar~aqa $aEobuhumo , (S,) or $at~a $aEobuhumo , (A, Ham,) (tropical:) [ Their union became dissolved, or broken up; or their tribe became separated; ] meaning they became separated after being congregated: (S, Ham:) and AilotaA^ama $aEobuhumo (S, A, Ham) (tropical:) [ Their separation became closed up, or their tribe drew together; ] meaning they drew together after being separated. (S, Ham.) And $aEabatohumu Almaniy~apu Death separated them: (S:) and $aEabatohu $aEuwbu [ Death separated him from his companions]; (TA;) said of a man when he has died. (O in art. Ebl : in the K, in that art., ↓ Ai$otaEabatohu [perhaps a mistranscription].) And it is said in a trad., maA h`*ihi AlfutoyaA A@l~atiY $aEabota bihaA Aln~aAsa i. e, [ What is this judicial decision ] with which thou hast divided the people? (S. [In the TA, on the authority of IAth, AltY $agabato fiY Aln~aAsi , which means, “ which has excited evil among the people. ”]) One says also, $aEaba Alr~ajulu A^amorahu (assumed tropical:) The man broke up, discomposed, deranged, or disorganized, [or rendered unsound, impaired, or marred, (agreeably with another explanation of the verb in what follows,)] his state of affairs: (As, A'Obeyd, TA:) whence the saying of 'Alee Ibn-El-'Adheer El-Ghanawee, waA_i*aA raA^ayota Almaro'a ya$oEabu A^amorahu $aEoba AlEaSaA wayalaj~u fiY AlEiSoyaAni (assumed tropical:) [ And when thou seest the man break up his state of affairs as with the breaking up of the staff, and persevere in disobedience, or rebellion ]. (A'Obeyd, TA.) ― -b2- Also, aor, as above, (Msb,) and so the inf. n., (S, A, Msb, K,) He repaired a cracked thing [such as a wooden bowl or some other vessel, by closing up its crack or cracks, or by piecing it: see 2, which has a similar signification, but implying muchness]: (S, Msb:) and [in a general sense,] he repaired, mended, amended, adjusted, or put into a right, or proper, state: (A, K, TA:) and it signifies the contr. also [of the former meaning and] of this, in the same, or in another, dial.: (TA:) [i. e.] he cracked a thing [such as a wooden bowl &c.]: (A, Msb:) and he corrupted, rendered unsound, impaired, or marred. (A, K, TA.) $aEobN SagiyrN mino $aEobK kabiyrK , occurring in a trad. of 'Omar, means A little repairing, of, or amid, much impairing. (TA.) ― -b3- [ He gave a portion of property; as though he broke it off.] One says, Ai$oEabo liY $uEobapF mina AlmaAli Give thou to me a portion of the property. (TA.) ― -b4- He (the commander, or prince, S) sent a messenger (S, K) A_ilayohi [ to him ], (K,) or A_ilaY mawoDiEi ka*aA [ to such a place ]. (S.) ― -b5- He turned, or sent, him, or it, away, or back: (K, TA:) aor. and inf.n. as above. (TA.) And $aEaba All~ijaAmu Alfarasa The bridle turned away or back, or withheld, or restrained, the horse from the direction towards which he was going. (K.) ― -b6- He, or it, diverted a man by occupying him, busying him, or engaging his attention. (K, TA.) One says, maA $aEabaka Ean~iY [ What diverted thee, or what has diverted thee, &c., from me? ]. (TA.) -A2- It is also intrans.: see 4. ― -b2- [Thus it signifies He quitted his com

$aEobN * inf. n. of $aEaba [q. v.]. (Msb.) ― -b2- [Used as a simple subst., it signifies Collection, or union: and also separation, division, or disunion; and] a state of separation or division or disunion; (K, TA;) as also ↓ $uEobapN : (S, TA:) pl. of the former $uEuwbN . (TA.) ― -b3- And [hence, perhaps, as implying both union and division,] Such as is divided [ into sub-tribes ], of the tribes of the Arabs and foreigners: (S: [in my copy of the Msb, mA Anqsmt fyh qbAy^l AlErb , as though it meant the tribes of the Arabs collectively, agreeably with another explanation to be mentioned below; but I think that there may be a mistranscription in this case:]) pl. $uEuwbN : (S, Msb:) or it signifies, as some say, (Msb,) or signifies also, (S,) a great tribe; syn. qabiylapN EaZiymapN , (S, A, K,) or HaY~N EaZiymN ; (Msb;) the parent of the [ tribes called ] qabaAy^il , to which they refer their origin, and which comprises them: (S:) or, as some say, a great tribe ( HaY~N EaZiymN ) forming a branch of a qabiylap : or a qabiylap itself: (TA:) A' Obeyd says, on the authority of Ibn-El-Kelbee, on the authority of his father, that the $aEob is greater than the qabiylap ; next to which is the faSiylap ; then, the EamaArap ; then, the baTon ; then, the faxi* : (S, TA:) but IB says that the true order is that which Ez-Zubeyr Ibn-Bekkár has stated, and is as follows: (TA:) [i. e.] the genealogies of the Arabs consist of six degrees; (Msb;) first, the $aEob ; then, the qabiylap ; then, the EamaArap , (Msb, TA,) with fet-h and with kesr, to the E ; (Msb;) then, the baTon ; then, the faxi* ; and then, the faSylap : thus, Khuzeymeh is a $Eb ; and Kináneh, a qbylap ; and Kureysh, an EmArp ; and Kuseí, a bTn ; and Háshim, a fx* ; and El-'Abbás, a fSylp : (Msb, TA:) and Aboo-Usámeh says that these classes are agreeable with the order obtaining in the structure of man; the $Eb is the greatest of them, derived from the $aEob [or suture] of the head; next is the qbylp , from the qbylp [which is a term applied to any one of the four principal bones] of the head; then, the EmArp , which is the breast; then, the bTn [or belly]; then, the fx* [or thigh]; and then, the fSylp , which is the shank: to these some add the Ea$ityrap , which consists of few in comparison with what are before mentioned: (TA:) and some add after this the rahoT : some also add the ji*om before the $Eb : (TA in art. bTn :) the pl. is as above. (TA.) It signifies also A nation, people, race, or family of mankind; syn. jiylN ; as expl. by IM and others: in the K, [and in a copy of the A,] erroneously, jabal [a mountain]: (TA:) but it is [strangely] said by Aboo-'Obeyd El-Bekree that accord. to all except Bundár, the word in this sense is ↓ $iEobN , with kesr. (MF.) And the pl., $uEuwbN , is [said to be] especially applied to denote the foreigners ( AlEajam ): (TA:) [thus it is said that] the phrase, in a trad., A_in~a rajulFA mina Al$~uEuwbi A^asolama means [ Verily a man ] of the foreigners ( AlEajam ) [ became a Muslim: but see Al$~uEuwbiy~apu ]. (S.) ― -b4- Also, [as implying separation,] Distance, or remoteness. (A, K.) So in the phrase $aEobu Ald~aAri [ The distance, or remoteness, of the abode, or dwelling ]. (TA.) ― -b5- And A crack (S, A, K, TA) in a thing, (S,) which the $aE~aAb repairs. (S, * TA.) ― -b6- And The place of junction [i. e. the suture ] of the qabaAy^il [or principal bones ] of the head; (K;) the $aA^on which conjoins the qbAy^l of the head: the qbAy^l in the head being [the frontal bone, the occipital bone, and the two parietal bones; in all,] four in number. (S.) ― -b7- [Hence, perhaps,] humaA $aEobaAni (assumed tropical:) They two are likes [or like each other ]. (S.) ― -b8- See also $iEobN . -A2- Also Distant, or remote; (K;) as in the phrase maA='N $aEobN [ Distant, or remote, water ]: pl. $uEuwbN . (TA.)

$iEobN * A road: (Msb:) or a road in a mountain: (S, A, O, L, Msb, K:) primarily a road in a mountain (Har p. 29) and in valleys: (Id. p. 72:) afterwards applied to any road: (Id. p. 29:) [see also ma$oEabN :] pl. $iEaAbN . (S, O, Msb.) And A water-course, or place in which water flows, in [ a low, or depressed, tract, such as is called ] a baTon of land, (ISh, A, O, K,) having two elevated borders, and in width equal to the stature of a man lying down, and sometimes between the two faces, or acclivities, of two mountains. (ISh, O.) Or it signifies, (K,) or signifies also, (A,) A ravine, or gap, [or pass, ] between two mountains. (A, K.) ― -b2- Also [ A reef of rocks in the sea: so in the present day: or] a zirobap or zarabap (accord. to different copies of the K in art. jhn [but neither of these two words do I find in their proper art. in any Lex.]) in the sea, such as is connected with the shore: if not connected with the shore, a bowshot distant, it is called juhonN . (K and TA in art. jhn .) ― -b3- And A brand, or mark made with a hot iron, (S, K,) upon camels, (K,) peculiar to the Benoo-Minkar, in form resembling the [ hooked stick called ] miHojan : (S:) or a brand upon the thigh, lengthwise, [ consisting of ] two lines meeting at the top and separated at the bottom: (ISh, TA:) or a brand united [ at the upper part and ] at the lower part separated: (Aboo-' Alee in the “ Tedhkireh, ” TA: [but there is an omission here, so that the reverse may perhaps be meant:]) or a brand upon the neck, like the miHojan : (Suh in the R, TA:) in a marginal note in the copy of the L, it is said that $Eb signifying a brand is with kesr to the $ and with fet-h [i. e. $iEobN and ↓ $aEobN ]. (TA.) ― -b4- See also $aEobN . ― -b5- [And see the pl. $iEaAbN below.]