آثِم

1 A^avima * , (Lth, S, M, &c.,) aor. Aavama , (Lth, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. A_ivomN , (S, K,) or A^avamN , the former being a simple subst., (Msb,) and maA^ovamN , (S, K,) He fell into what is termed A_ivomN [i. e. a sin, or crime, &c.]; (Lth, T, S, M, Msb, * K *;) [ he sinned; committed a sin, or crime; ] he did what was unlawful: (M, * K:) and ↓ taA^oviymN signifies the same as A_ivomN : (K:) it may be either an inf. n. of ↓ A^avama , which [says ISd] I have not heard, or, as Sb holds it to be, a simple subst. like tanobiytN : (M:) and is said to be used in the sense of A_ivom in the Kur lii. 23 [and lvi. 24]. (TA.) [It should be added also, that ↓ tA^ovaAmN , like tako*aAbN , is syn. with tA^oviymN and A_ivomN ; and, like tA^vym , may be an inf. n. of ↓ A^av~ama , or a simple subst.: see an ex. voce baruwqN .] In the dial. of some of the Arabs, the first letter of the aor. is with kesr, as in tiEolamu and niEolamu ; and as the hemzeh in A_ivomN is with kesr, the radical hemzeh [in the aor.] is changed into Y ; so that they say A_iyvamu and tiyvamu [for A=vamu and taA^ovamu .] (TA.) In the saying, lawo qulota maA fiY qawomahaA lamo tiyvami yafoDulahaA fiY HasabK wamiysami the meaning is, [ Shouldst thou say, thou wouldst not sin, or do wrong, in so saying,] There is not, among her people, any one who excels her [ in grounds of pretension to respect, and in impress, or character, of beauty ]. (M.) -A2- A^avamahu All~`hu fiY ka*aA , aor. Aavuma (S, K) and Aavima , (S,) or Aavama , (K,) but there is no other authority than the K for this last, nor is there any reason for it, as the medial radical letter is not faucial, nor is the final, and in the Iktitáf el-Azáhir the aor. is said to be Aavima and Aavuma , (MF, TA,) [ God reckoned him to have sinned, or committed a crime or the like, in such a thing; or] God reckoned such a thing against him as an A_ivom : (S, K:) or A^avamahu , aor. Aavima (Fr, T, M, Msb) and Aavuma , (Msb,) inf. n. A^avomN (Fr, T, Msb) and A^avaAmN (Fr, T, TA) and A_ivaAmN , (Fr, TA,) He (God) requited him, (Fr, T,) or punished him, (M,) for what is termed A_ivomN [i. e. sin, or crime, &c.]: (Fr, T, M:) [see also A^avaAmN below:] or he (a man) pronounced him to be A=vm [i. e. a sinner, or the like ]: (Msb:) [or] ↓ A=vamahu , aor. yaw^ovimuhu , has this last signification, said of God; and also signifies He found him to be so. (T.) ― -b2- You say also, A^avamati Aln~aAqapu Alma$oYa , aor. Aavima , inf. n. A^avomN , The she-camel was slow. (M.)

A_ivomN A^vm A_vm Avm |vm [accord. to some, an inf. n.; see A^avima : accord. to others, only a simple subst., signifying] A sin, a crime, a fault, an offence, or an act of disobedience, syn. *anobN , (S, M, Msb, K,) for which one deserves punishment; differing from *anobN inasmuch as this signifies both what is intentional and what is unintentional: (Kull:) or [so accord. to the M, but in the K “ and, ”] an unlawful deed: (M, K:) or a deed which retards from recompense: or, accord. to Fr, what is exclusive of the [ punishment termed ] Had~ : accord. to Er-Rághib, it is a term of more general import than EudawAnN : (TA:) ↓ maA^ovamN [which is originally an inf. n. of A^avima ] is syn. with A_ivomN ; (T, * Mgh;) and so, too, is ↓ A^avaAmN , (Msb,) or ↓ A_ivaAmN , signifying a deed retarding recompense: (TA:) the pl. of A_ivomN is A=vaAmN : (M:) and the pl. of ↓ maA^ovamN is maA=vimu . (T.) ― -b2- [Sometimes it is prefixed to a noun or pronoun denoting its object: ― -b3- and sometimes it means (assumed tropical:) The punishment of a sin &c.: see explanations of a passage in the Kur v. 32, voce baA='a .] ― -b4- Wine: (Aboo-Bekr El-Iyádee, T, S, M, K:) sometimes used in this sense; (S;) but tropically; not properly: (IAmb:) I think, [says ISd,] because the drinking thereof is what is thus termed. (M.) ― -b5- [And for a like reason,] (assumed tropical:) Contention for stakes, or wagers, in a game of hazard; syn. qimaArN ; (M, K;) which is a man's destruction of his property. (M.) It is said in the Kur [ii. 216, respecting wine and the game called Almayosir ], qulo fihiymaA A_ivomN kabiyrN wa manaAfiEu liln~aAsi [ Say thou, In them both are great sin and means of profit to men ]: and Th says, when they contended in a game of this kind, and won, they gave food and alms, and these were means of profit. (M.)