انِ

A^anN * is a pronoun, denoting the speaker, [ I, masc. and fem.,] in the language of some of the Arabs: they say, A^ano faEalotu [ I did ], with the n quiescent: but most of them pronounce it [↓ A^ana ] with fet-h when conjoined with a following word; (Mughnee, K;) saying, A^ana faEalotu : (TA:) and [↓ A^anaA ] with A in a case of pause: (Mughnee, K:) and some pronounce it with A also when it is conjoined with a following word; saying, A^anaA faEalotu ; [as we generally find it written in books;] but this is of a bad dialect: (TA:) [this last assertion, however, requires consideration; for the dial. here said to be bad is that of Temeem, accord. to what here follows:] the Basrees hold that the pronoun consists of the ' and the n , and that the [final] A is redundant, because it is suppressed in a case of conjunction with a following word; but the Koofees hold that the pronoun is composed of all the three letters, because the A is preserved in a case of conjunction with a following word in the dial. of Temeem. (Marginal note in a copy of the Mughnee.) [Accord. to Az,] it is best to say ↓ A^anaA in a case of pause; and ↓ A^ana in a case of conjunction with a following word, as in A^ana faEalotu *aAka [ I did that ]; but some of the Arabs say, faEalotu *aAka ↓ A^anaA ; and some make the n quiescent in a case of this kind, though this is rare, saying, A^ano qulotu *aAka [ I said that ]; and Kudá'ah prolong the former A , saying, qulotuhu ↓ A=na . (T.) [Accord. to J,] ↓ A^anaA is a pronoun denoting the speaker alone, and is made to end invariably with fet-h to distinguish it from the particle A^ano which renders the aor. mansoob; the final A being for the purpose of showing what is the vowel in a case of pause; but when it occurs in the middle [or beginning] of a sentence, it is dropped, except in a bad dialect. (S.) [Accord. to ISd,] ↓ A^ana is a noun denoting the speaker; and in a case of pause, you add A at the end, [saying ↓ A^anaA ,] to denote quiescence; (M;) [or] it is better to do this, though it is not always done: (TA:) but it is said, on the authority of Ktr, that there are five dial. vars. of this word; namely, faEalotu ↓ A^ana , and ↓ A^anaA , and ↓ A=na , and A^anN , and ↓ A^anahN , all mentioned by IJ; but there is some weakness in this: IJ says that the h in ↓ A^anahN may be a substitute for the A in A^anaA , because the latter is the more usual, and the former is rare; or it may be added to show what is the vowel, like the h , and be like the h in kitaAbiyaho and HisaAbiyahN . (M.) For the dual, as well as the pl., only naHonu is used. (Az, TA.) ― -b2- It is also a pronoun denoting the person addressed, or spoken to, by assuming the form ↓ A^anota [ Thou, masc.]; t being added to it as the sign of the person addressed, (S, M, Mughnee, K,) and A^ano being the pronoun, (M, Mughnee, K,) accord. to the general opinion; (Mughnee, K;) the two becoming as one; not that one is prefixed to the other as governing it in the gen. case: (S:) and so ↓ A^anoti , (S, M, Mughnee, K,) addressed to the female: (S, M:) and ↓ A^anotumaA , (M, Mughnee, K,) addressed to two; not a regular dual, for were it so it would be A^anotaAn ; but like kumaA in DarabotukumaA : (M:) and ↓ A^anotumN and ↓ A^anotun~a , (S, Mughnee, K,) which are [respectively] the masc. and fem. pls. (TA.) ― -b3- To each of these the k of comparison is sometimes prefixed; so that you say, ↓ A^anota kaA^anaA [ Thou art like me, or as I ], and ↓ A^anaA kaA^anota [or A^ana kaA^anota I am like thee, or as thou ]; as is related on the authority of the Arabs; for though the k of comparison is not prefixed to the [affixed] pronoun, and you say, A^anota kazayodK but not A^anota kiy , yet the separate pronoun is regarded by them as being in the same predicament as the noun; and therefore the prefixing it to the latter kind of pronoun is approved. (S.) It is said in the Book of layosa , by IKh, that there is no such phrase, in the language of the Arabs, as A^anota kiY , nor as

A_inN A^n A_n An wnY |n is used in various ways: first, as a conditional particle, (S, M, Msb, Mughnee, K,) denoting the happening of the second of two events in consequence of the happening of the first, (S, Msb, *) whether the second be immediate or deferred, and whether the condition be affirmative or negative; (Msb;) [and as such it is followed by a mejzoom aor., or by a pret. having the signification of an aor.;] as in the saying, [ A_ino tafoEalN A^foEalN If thou do such a thing, I will do it; and] A_ino taA^otiniY A=tika [ If thou come to me, I will come to thee ]; and A_inN jiy^otaniY A^akoramotuka [ If thou come to me, I will treat thee with honour ]; (S;) and A_ino faEalota faEalotu [ If thou do, I will do ] for which the tribe of Teiyi say, as IJ relates on the authority of Ktr, hino faEalota faEalotu ; (M;) and A_ino daxalot Ald~aAra A^awN [ If thou stand, I will stand ]; and A_ino daxaloti Ald~aAra A^awo lamo tadoxuliY Ald~aArD faA^anoti TaAlqN [ If thou enter the house, or if thou enter not the house, thou shalt be divorced ]; (Msb;) and [in the Kur viii. 39,] A_ino yanotahuwA yugofarN lahumo maA qad salafa [ If they desist, what hath already past shall be forgiven them ]; and [in verse 19 of the same ch.,] waA_ino taEuwduwA naEudo [ But if ye return to attacking the Apostle, we will return to assisting him]. (Mughnee, K.) [On the difference between it and A_i*A , see the latter.] When either it or A_i*aA is immediately followed by a noun in the nom. case, the said noun is governed in that case by a verb necessarily suppressed, of which it is the agent; as in the saying, in the Kur [ix. 6], waA_ino A^aHadN mina A@lomu$orikiyna A@stajaAraka ; the complete phrase being waA_ini AsotajaAraka A^aHadN mina A@lomu$orikiyna A@sotajaAraka [ And if any one of the believers in a plurality of gods demand protection of thee, (if) he demand protection of thee ]: so accord. to the generality of the grammarians. (I 'Ak p. 123.) Sometimes it is conjoined with the negative laA , and the ignorant may imagine it to be the exceptive A_il~aA ; as in [the saying in the Kur ix. 40,] A_il~aA tanoSuruwhu faqad naSarahu A@ll~`hu [ If ye will not aid him, certainly God did aid him ]; and [in the next preceding verse,] A_il~aA tanofiruwA yuEa*~ibokumo [ If ye will not go forth to war, He will punish you ]. (Mughnee, K. *) It is sometimes used to denote one's feigning himself ignorant; as when you say to one who asks, “ Is thy child in the house? ” and thou hast knowledge thereof, A_ino kaAna fiY Ald~aAri A^aEolamotuka bihi [ If he be in the house, I will inform thee thereof ]. (Msb.) And to denote one's putting the knowing in the predicament of the ignorant, in order to incite to the doing or continuing an action; as when you say, A_inN kunota A@buniY faA^aTiEoniY [ If thou be my son, obey me ]; as though you said, “ Thou knowest that thou art my son, and it is incumbent on the son to obey the father, and thou art not obedient; therefore do what thou art commanded to do. ” (Msb.) And sometimes it is divested of the conditional meaning, and becomes syn. with law ; as in the saying, Sal~i waA_inN Eajazota Eani AlqiyaAm [ Pray thou though thou be unable to stand; ] i. e. pray thou whether thou be able to stand or unable to do so; and in the saying, A^akorimN ziyodFA waA_ino qaEada i. e. [ Treat thou Zeyd with honour ] though he be sitting; or, whether he sit or not. (Msb.) [ A_im~aA as a compound of the conditional A_inN and the redundant maA , see in an art. of which AmA is the heading.] ― -b2- [Secondly,] it is a negative, (S, Mughnee, K,) syn. with maA ; (S;) and is put before a nominal proposition; (Mughnee, K;) as in the saying [in the Kur lxvii. 20], A_ini A@lokaAfiruwna A_il~aA fiY guruwrK [ The unbelievers are not in aught save in a deception ]; (S, Mughnee, K;) and before a verbal proposition; as in [the Kur ix. 108,] A_ino A^aradonaA A_il~aA A@loHusonaY [ We desired not, or meant not, aught save that which is best ]. (Mughnee, K.) The

A_in~a A^n A_n An wnY |n is one of the particles which annul the quality of the inchoative, like A^an~a , of which it is the original: (I 'Ak p. 90:) it is a corroborative particle, (I 'Ak, Mughnee,) corroborating the predicate; (S, K;) governing the subject in the accus. case and the predicate in the nom. case; (S, I 'Ak, Mughnee, K;) [and may generally be rendered by Verily, or certainly, or the like; exactly agreeing with the Greek ὃτι , as used in Luke vii. 16 and in many other passages in the New Testament; though it often seems to be nothing more than a sign of inception, which can hardly be rendered at all in English; unless in pronunciation, by laying a stress upon the predicate, or upon the copula;] as in the saying, A_in~a zayodFA qaAy^imN [ Verily, or certainly, Zeyd is standing; or simply, Zeyd is standing, if we lay a stress upon standing, or upon is]. (I 'Ak p. 90.) But sometimes it governs both the subject and the predicate in the accus. case; as in the saying, A_i*aA A@$otad~a junoHu All~ayoli falotaA^oti walotakunN xuTaAka xifaAfFA A_in~a Hur~aAsanaA A^usodaA [ When the darkness of night becomes, or shall become, intense, then do thou come, and let thy steps be light: verily our guardians are lions ]; (Mughnee, K; [but in the latter, for A@$otad~a , we find A@sowad~a , so that the meaning is, when the first portion of the night becomes, or shall become, black, &c.;]) and as in a trad. in which it is said, An~a qaEora jahan~ama saboEiyna xariyfFA [ Verily the bottom of Hell is a distance of seventy years of journeying]: (Mughnee, K:) the verse, however, is explained by the supposition that it presents a denotative of state [in the last word, which is equivalent to $ijoEaAnFA or the like], and that the predicate is suppressed, the meaning being, taloqaAhumo A^usodFA [ thou wilt find them lions ]; and the trad. by the supposition that qaEora is an inf. n., and saboEiyna is an adverbial noun, so that the meaning is, the reaching the bottom of hell is [to be accomplished in no less time than] in seventy years. (Mughnee.) And sometimes the inchoative [of a proposition] after it is in the nom. case, and its subject is what is termed Damiyru $aA^onK , suppressed; as in the saying of Mohammad, A_in~a mino A^a$ad~i Aln~aAsi Ea*aAbFA yawoma Alqiy`mapi AlmuSaw~iruwna [ Verily, ( the case is this:) of the men most severely to be punished, on the day of resurrection, are the makers of images ], originally A_in~ahu , i. e. A_in~a Al$~aA^ona ; (Mughnee, K; *) and as in the saying in the Kur [xx. 66], A_in~a h`*aAni lasaAHiraAni , [accord. to some,] as will be seen in what follows. (TA.) ― -b2- Of the two particles A_in~a and ↓ A^an~a , in certain cases only the former may be used; and in certain other cases either of them may be used. (I' Ak p. 91.) The former must be used when it occurs inceptively, (Kh, T, I' Ak p. 92, Mughnee, K,) having nothing before it upon which it is syntactically dependent, (Kh, T,) with respect to the wording or the meaning; (K;) as in A_in~a zayodFA qaAy^imN [ Verily Zeyd is standing ]. (I' Ak, K.) It is used after A^alaA , (I' Ak, K,) the inceptive particle, (I' Ak,) or the particle which is employed to give notice [of something about to be said]; (K;) as in A^alaA A_in~a zayodFA qaAy^imN [ Now surely Zeyd is standing ]. (I' Ak K.) And when it occurs at the commencement of the complement of a conjunct noun; (I' Ak, K; *) as in jaA='a Al~a*iY A_in~ahu qaAy^imN [ He who is standing came ]; (I' Ak;) and in the Kur [xxviii. 76], waA=tayonaAhu mina A@lokunuwri maA A_in~a mafaAtiHahu latanuwo'u biA@loEuSobapi A^uwliY Alquw~api [ And we gave him, of treasures, that whereof the keys would weigh down the company of men possessed of strength ]. (I' Ak, * K, * TA.) And in the complement of an oath, (I' Ak, K,) when its predicate has la , (I' Ak,) or whether its subject or its predicate has la or has it not; (K;) as in waA@ll~`hi A_in~a zayodFA laqaAy^imN [ By Allah, verily Zeyd is standing ], (I' Ak,) and A_