حِكْمَة

HikomapN Hkm Hkmh Hkmp [properly, or primarily,] signifies What prevents, or restrains, from ignorant behaviour: (Mgh:) [in its most usual sense, which is wisdom, agreeably with explanations here following,] it is derived from HakamapN , signifying a certain appertenance of a beast, [a kind of curb,] because it prevents its possessor from having bad dispositions: (Msb:) it means knowledge; or science; (S, K;) as also ↓ HukomN : (S, TA:) or [generally] knowledge of the true natures of things, and action according to the requirements thereof; and therefore it is divided into intellectual and practical: or a state, or quality, of the intellectual faculty: this is the theological Hikomap : in the Kur xxxi. 11, by the Hikomap given by God to Lukmán, is meant the evidence of the intellect in accordance with the statutes of the law: (TA:) in the conventional language of the learned, it means the perfecting of the human mind by the acquisition of the speculative sciences, and of the complete faculty of doing excellent deeds, according to the ability possessed: (Bd on the passage of the Kur above mentioned:) or it means the attainment of that which is true, or right, by knowledge and by deed: so that in God it is the knowledge of things, and the origination thereof in the most perfect manner: and, in man, the knowledge and doing of good things: or it means acquaintance with the most excellent of things by the most excellent kind of knowledge: (TA:) [and in the modern language, philosophy: pl. HikamN :] see HukomN . ― -b2- Also Equity, or justice, (K, TA,) in judgment or judicial decision; and so ↓ HukomN . (TA.) ― -b3- And i. q. HilomN ; (K, TA;) i. e. [ Forbearance, or clemency, or] the management of one's soul and temper on the occasion of excitement of anger: which, if correct, is nearly the same as equity or justice. (TA.) ― -b4- And Obedience of God: and knowledge in matters of religion, and the acting agreeably therewith: and understanding: and reverential fear; piety; pious fear; or abstinence from unlawful things: and the doing, or saying, that which is right: and reflection upon what God has commanded, and doing according thereto. (TA.) ― -b5- And [ Knowledge of ] the interpretation of the Kur-án, and saying that which is right in relation to it: so in the Kur ii. 272. (TA.) ― -b6- And The gift of prophecy, or the prophetic office; (K, TA;) and apostleship: so in the Kur ii. 252 and iii. 43 and xxxviii. 19: (TA:) or in the [first and] last of these instances it means ― -b7- The Book of the Psalms [of David]: or, as some say, any saying, or discourse, agreeable with the truth: (Mgh:) and it also means [in other instances] the Book of the Law of Moses: (TA:) and the Gospel: and the Kur-án: (K:) because each of these comprises what is termed AlHikomapu AlmanoTuwqu bihaA , i. e. the secrets of the sciences of the law and of the course of conduct; and AlHikomapu Almasokuwtu EanohaA , i. e. the secrets of the science of the Divine Essence. (TA.)

HakamapN Hkm Hkmh Hkmp [ A kind of curb for a horse; ] a certain appertenance of a beast; so called because it renders him manageable, or submissive, to the rider, and prevents him from being refractory and the like; (Msb;) or because it prevents him from vehement running: (TA:) it is the appertenance of the lijaAm [or bridle] that surrounds the Hanak [or part beneath the chin and lower jaw ]: the Arabs used to make it of untanned thong or of hemp; because what they aimed at was courage, not finery: (S:) or the appertenance of the ljAm that surrounds the HanakaAni [which word app. here means the two jaws ] of the horse, and in which are [ attached ] the Ei*aAraAni [or two side-pieces of the headstall, that lie against the two cheeks ]: (K:) or a ring which surrounds the marosin [or part of the nose which is the place of the halter ] and the Hanak [or part beneath the chin and lower jaw ], of silver or iron or thong: (IDrd in his Book on the Saddle and Bridle:) or a ring which is upon ( fY ) the mouth of the horse: (ISh, TA:) pl. HakamaAtN (S, TA) and [coll. gen. n.] ↓ HakamN . (TA.) Zuheyr says, describing horses, HakamaAti Alqid~i wa AlA^abaqaA ↓ qado A^uHokimato meaning qado A^uHokimato biHakamaAti Alqid~i wa biHakamaAti AlA^abaqi [ That had been curbed with curbs of untanned thong, and with curbs of hemp ]: (S, TA:) or, accord. to Abu-l-Hasan, [the meaning is that had been furnished with curbs &c.; for he says that] AHkmt is here made trans. because it implies the signification of qul~idato : (TA:) some relate the hemistich thus: HakamaAti Alqid~i wa AlA^abaqaA ↓ maHokuwmapF [ furnished with curbs of untanned thong, and hemp ]. (S, TA.) ― -b2- (assumed tropical:) The chin of a sheep (S, K) or goat. (S.) ― -b3- And, of a man, (tropical:) The fore part of the face: (K, TA:) or, as some say, the lower part of the face: a metaphorical term from the Hakamap of the lijaAm : (TA:) or [in some copies of the K “ and ”] (tropical:) his head: [accord. to the CK, or the fore part of the head of a man:] and (tropical:) his state, or condition: and (tropical:) rank, and station. (K, TA.) You say, rafaEa A@ll~`hu Hakamatahu (tropical:) God exalted, or may God exalt, his head, or his state, or condition, and his rank, and station: because the stooping of the head is a characteristic of the low, or abject. (TA.) And lahu EinodanaA HakamapN (tropical:) He has rank in our estimation. (TA.) And fulaAnN EaAliY AlHakamapi (tropical:) [ Such a one is elevated in respect of rank, or station. ] (TA.) -A2- [See also HaAkimN , of which it is a pl.]