نَفْس

1 nafusa * , aor. nafusa , inf. n. nafaAsapN (S, M, A, Msb, K) and nifaAsN and nafsN (K) and nufuwsN ; (TA;) and ↓ A^anofasa , (M, A, Msb,) inf. n. A_inofaAsN ; (A, Msb;) It was, or became, high in estimation, of high account, or excellent; (M, Msb, TA;) [ highly prized; precious, or valuable; ] and therefore, (TA,) was desired with emulation, or in much request: (S, K, TA:) and the ↓ latter verb, said of property, it was, or became, loved, and highly esteemed. (TA.) -A2- nafisa bihi , (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. nafasa , (K,) inf. n. nafasN (M) [and app. nafosN as will be shown below] and nafaAsapN and nafaAsiyapN , which last is extr., (M, TA,) He was, or became avaricious, tenacious, or niggardly, of it, (S, M, Msb, K,) because of its being in high estimation, or excellent. (Msb.) Hence the saying in the Kur, [xlvii. 40,] faA_in~amaA yaboxalu Eano nafosihi [app. meaning He is only avaricious from his avarice. ] (TA.) You say, nafisa Ealayohi biAl$~aYo'i , (M,) or Eanohu [in the place of Elyh ], (TA,) He was, or became, avaricious, &c., of the thing, towards him, or withholding it from him. (M, TA.) And nafisa Ealayohi Al$~aYo'a , (S, M, K, TA,) and biAl$~aYo'i , (M,) inf. n. nafaAsapN . (S, K, TA,) He was, or became, avaricious, &c., of the thing, towards him, and thought him not worthy of it, and was not pleased at its coming to him: (TA:) or [simply] he thought him not worthy of it: (S, M, K;) as also fiyhi ↓ nAfshu ; of which last verb we have an ex. in the phrase tunaAfisu dunoyaA , used by a poet in speaking of the tribe of Kureysh, meaning either tunaAfisu fiY dunobaA [ they think others not worthy of worldly good ]. or tunaAfsu A^ahola dunoyaA [ they think the possessors of worldly good unworthy thereof]. (M.) [See also 3, below.] You say also, nafisota EalaY~a bixayorK , (A, K,) or bixayorK qaliyl , (S,) and nafisota EalaY~a xayorFA kaviyrFA , (A,) inf. n. nafosN and nafaAsapN , (A,) Thou enviedst me (S, A, K) good, (A, K,) or a little good, (S,) and much good, (A.) and didst not consider me worthy of it. (A.) And fulaAnN maA yatanag~asu EalayonaA Alganiymapa waAlZ~afara [app. meaning Such a one does not envy us the spoil and the victory. ] (A, in continuation of what here immediately precedes.) And maA h`*aA Aln~afasu What is this envying? (A, TA.) -A3- nufisato ; (S, M, A, Msb, K;) and nafisato , (S, M, Msb, K,) as some of the Arabs say, (Msb.) aor. , (Msb, K:) inf. n. nifaAsN and nifaAspN (S, M) and nafasN , (M, TA,) or the first of these ns. is a simple subst.; (Msb;) (tropical:) She (a woman) brought forth; (S, M, K;) and nufisato waladFA [ she brought forth a child ]: (Th, M:) and nufisato biwaladihaA [ she brought forth her child ]. (A.) You say also, wariv fulaAnN h`*aA qabola A^ano yanofasa fulaAnN , meaning, Such a one inherited this before such a one was born. (S.) ― -b2- Also, both these verbs, (Msb, K,) or the latter, nafisato , only, (Az, Mgh, TA,) or the latter is the more common, (K.) the former, which is related on the authority of As, not being well known, (Msb,) (tropical:) She (a woman) menstruated. (Az, Mgh, Msb, K.) [In the CK, a confusion is made by the omission of a w before the verb which explains this last signification.] This signification and that next preceding it are from nafosN meaning “ blood. ” (Mgh.) -A4- nafasotuhu binafosi (tropical:) I smote him with an [ evil or envious ] eye. (S, K, TA.)

nafosN * The soul; the spirit; the vital principle; syn. ruwHN : (S, M, A, Msb, K:) but between these two words is a difference [which must be fully explained hereafter, though ISd says, that it is not of the purpose of his book, the M, to explain it]: (M:) in this sense it is fem.: (Msb:) pl. [of pauc.] A^anofusN and [of mult.] nufuwsN . (M, Msb.) You say, xarajato nafosuhu [ His soul, or spirit, went forth ]; (Aboo-Is-hák, S, M, Msb, K;) and so jaAdato nafosuhu . (Msb.) And a poet says, not Aboo-Khirásh as in the S, but Hudheyfeh Ibn-Anas, (IB,) najaA saAlimN wAln~afosu minohu bi$idoqihi walamo yanoju A_il~aA jafona sayofK wamiy^ozaraA i. e., [ Sálim escaped when the soul was in the side of his mouth; but he escaped not save ] with the scabbard of a sword and with a waist-wrapper. (S.) In the same sense the word is used in the saying. fiY nafosi fulaAnK A^ano yafoEala ka*aA waka*aA [but this seems rather to mean, It is in the mind of such a one to do so and so ]. (Aboo-Is-hák, M.) Some of the lexicologists assert the nafos and the ruwH to be one and the same, except that the former is fem., and the latter [generally or often] masc.: others say, that the latter is that whereby is life; and the former, that whereby is intellect, or reason; so that when one sleeps, God takes away his nfs , but not his rwH , which is not taken save at death: and the nafos is thus called because of its connexion with the nafas [or breath]. (IAmb.) Or every man has nafosaAni [ two souls ]: (I'Ab, Zj:) nafosu AlEaqoli [ the soul of intellect, or reason, also called Aln~afosu Aln~aATiqapu (see ruwHN )], whereby one discriminates, [i. e., the mind, ] (I'Ab,) or nafosu Alt~amoyiyzi [ the soul of discrimination ], which quits him when he sleeps, so that he does not understand thereby, God taking it away: (Zj:) and nafosu Alr~uwHi [ the soul of the breath ], whereby one lives, (I'Ab,) or nafosu AlHayaApi [ the soul of life ], and when this quits him, the breath quits with it; whereas the sleeper breathes: and this is the difference between the taking away of the nfs of the sleeper in sleep and the taking away of the nfs of the living [at death.] (Zj.) Much has been said respecting the nafos and the ruwH ; whether they be one, or different: but the truth is, that there is a difference between them, since they are not always interchangeable: for it is said in the Kur, [xv. 29 and xxxviii. 72,] wanafaxotu fiyhi mino ruwHiY [And I have blown into him of my spirit.]; not mino nafosiY : and [v. 116,] taEolamu maA fiY nafosiY [to be explained hereafter]; not fiY ruwHiY , nor would this expression be well except from Jesus: and [lviii. 9,] wayaquwluwna fiY A^anofusihimo [ And they say in their souls, or within themselves ]: for which it would not be well to say fiY A^arowaAHihimo : and [xxxix. 57,] A^ano taquwla nafosN [ That a soul shall say ]; for which no Arab would say A^ano taquwla ruwHN : hence, the difference between them depends upon the considerations of relation: and this is indicated by a trad., in which it is said that God created Adam, and put into him a nafos and a ruwH ; and that from the latter was his quality of abstaining from unlawful and indecorous things, and his understanding, and his clemency, or forbearance, and his liberality, and his fidelity; and from the former, [which is also called Aln~afosu AlA^am~aArapu , q. v., in art. A^mr ,] his appetence, and his unsteadiness, and his hastiness of disposition, and his anger: therefore one should not say that nafosN is the same as ruwHN absolutely, without restriction, nor ruwHN the same as nafos . (R.) The Arabs also make the discriminative nafos to be two; because it sometimes commands the man to do a thing or forbids him to do it; and this is on the occasion of setting about an affair that is disliked: therefore they make that which commands him to be a nfs , and that which forbids him to be as though it were another nfs : and hence the saying, mentioned by Z, fulaAnN yuw^aAmiru nafosayohi

nafasN * [ Breath; ] what is drawn in by the airpassages in the nose, [or by the mouth, ] to the inside, and emitted, (Msb;) what comes forth from a living being in the act of tanaf~us . (Mgh:) or the exit of wind from the nose and the mouth: (M:) pl. A^anofaAsN . (S, M, A. Mgh, Msb, K.) ― -b2- A gentle air: pl. as above. (M, Msb.) You say also, nafasu Alr~iyHi [ The breath of the wind ]: and nafasu Alr~awoSapi the sweet [ breath or] odour [ of the meadow, or of the garden, &c.]. (TA.) ― -b3- [Hence, app., its application in the phrase] nafasa Als~aAEapi [ The blast of the last hour; meaning,] the end of time. (Kr, M.) ― -b4- [Hence also, (assumed tropical:) Speech: and kind speech: (see an ex. voce A^amolaHa :) so in the present day.] ― -b5- [And (assumed tropical:) Voice, or a sweet voice, in singing: so in the present day.] ― -b6- A gulp. or as much as is swallowed at once in drinking: (S, L, K:) but this requires consideration; for in one nafas a man takes a number of gulps, more or less according to the length or shortness of his breath, so that we [sometimes] see a man drink [the contents of] a large vessel in one nafas , at a number of gulps: (L:) [therefore it signifies sometimes, if not always, a draught, or as much as is swallowed without taking breath: ] pl. as above. (S.) You say, A_ikoraEo fiY AlA_itaA='i nafasFA A^awo nafasayoni (tropical:) [ Put thou thy mouth into the vessel and drink ] a gulp, or two gulps: [or a draught, or two draughts: ] and exceed not that. (S; And $arbotu nafasFA waA^anofaAsFA (tropical:) [ I drank a gulp, and gulps: or a draught, and draughts ]. (A.) And fulaAnN $ariba AlA_inaA='a kul~ahu EalaY nafasK waAHidK (tropical:) [ Such a one drank the whole contents of the vessel at one gulp or at one draught ]. (L.) ― -b7- (tropical:) Every resting between two draughts: (M, TA:) [pl. as above.] You say, $ariba binafasK waAHidK (tropical:) [ He drank with one resting between draughts ]. (A.) And $arba bivalaAvapi A^anofaAsK (tropical:) [ He drank with three restings between draughts ]. (A. K.) [And hence,] $araAbN *uw nafasi (tropical:) Beverage in which is ampleness, [ so that one pauses while drinking it, to take breath, ] and which satisfies thirst. (IAar, K.) And $araAbN gayoru *iY nafasK (tropical:) Beverage of disagreeable taste, (A, K, *) changed in taste and odour, (K,) in drinking which one does not take breath (A, K) when he has tasted it; (K;) taking a first draught, as much as will keep in the remains of life, and not returning to it. (TA.) ― -b8- [And hence it is said that] nafasN signifies (assumed tropical:) Satisfaction, or the state of being satisfied, with drink; syn. diY~a . (IAar, K.) ― -b9- [Hence also.] (tropical:) Plenty, and redundance. So in the saying A_in~ fiY AlmaA='i nafasFA liY walaka [ Verily in the water is plenty, and redundance, for me and for thee ]. (Lh, M.) ― -b10- (tropical:) A wide space: (TA:) (tropical:) a distance (A.) You say, bayona Alfar yqayon nafasN (tropical:) Between the two parties is a wide space. (TA.) And bayoniY wabayonahN nafasN (tropical:) Between me and him is a distance. (A.) ― -b11- (tropical:) Ample scope for action &c.; and a state in which is ample scope for action &c., syn. sEpN , (S, M, A, Mgh, K,) and fusoHapN , (A, K,) in an affair. (S, M, A, K.) You say, lak fiY h`*aA nafasN [ There is ample scope for action &c. for thee in this. (Mgh.) And A^anota fiY nafis mino A^amorika (tropical:) [ Thou art in a state in which is ample scope for action &c. with respect to thine affair. (S, M.) And A_iEomlo waA^anota fiY nafasK mino A^amorika (tropical:) Work thou while thou art in a state in which is ample scope for action &c. ( fiY fusoHapK wasaEap ) with respect to thine affair, before extreme old age, and diseases, and calamities. (TA.) See also nufosapN . ― -b12- (tropical:) Length. (M.) So in the saying zidonY nafasFA fiY A^ajaliY (tropical:) [ Add thou to me length in my term of life ]: (M:) or lengthen thou my term of life. (TA.) You