سَفِهَ

1 safiha * , (S, MA, Msb,) aor. safaha ; (Msb;) and safuha , [aor. safuha ;] (S, Msb;) inf. n. safahN and safaAhapN (S, MA, Msb, K *) and safaAhN , (S, MA, K, *) [all mentioned in the MA as of the former verb, and so in the TA when that verb is trans., but properly] the first is of the former verb, and the second is of the latter verb, (S, Msb,) and so is the third; (S;) He (a man, S) was, or became, such as is termed safiyh ; (S, TA;) [i. e.] he was, or became, unwise, witless, or destitute of wisdom or understanding, or [rather] lightwitted. (MA.) ― -b2- The phrase safiha nafosapu , [of which an instance occurs in the Kur ii. 124, and] to which gabina raA^oyahu and baTira Eayo$ahu and A^alima baTonahu and wafiqa A^amorahu and ra$ida A^amorahu are similar, was originally safihato nafosu zayodK [or rather safihato nafosuhu i. e. Himself, or his mind, was, or became, lightwitted, &c.]; but when [the dependence of] the verb became transferred [from the nfs ] to the man, what followed the verb was put in the accus. case by being its objective complement, for the phrase became identical in meaning with nafosahu ↓ saf~aha [ he made himself, or his mind, lightwitted, &c.]: so say the Basrees and Ks; and it is allowable with them to make this accus. to precede [the verb]; like as it is allowable to say, gulaAmahu Darab zayodN : (S, TA:) accord. to the K, the verb thus used has three forms; (TA;) you say safiha nafosahu and raA^oyahu , (K, TA,) and Hilomahu , (TA,) and safuha , and safaha , meaning Hamalahu EalaYAls~afahi [which is virtually the same as saf~ahahu i. e. he made himself, or his mind, lightwitted, or unwise, &c., and in like manner his judgment, or opinion, and he made his gravity, or forbearance, or the like, to become levity, or hastiness, &c.]: or he attributed safah [i. e. lightwittedness, &c., to himself, or his mind, and to his judgment, or opinion ]: or he destroyed it; (K, TA;) agreeably with the meaning assigned to safiha nafosahu by AO: (TA:) or this means he held himself in mean, or light, estimation; (MA, and Ksh and Bd in ii. 124;) and rendered himself low, base, or contemptible: (Bd ibid.:) but Lh says that safiha nafosahu , with kesr [to the f ], inf. n. safahN and safaAhapN and safaAhN , means Hamalahu EalaY Als~afahi [or HamalahaA ], and is the approved form, and that some say safuha , which is rare: and accord. to J and others, (TA,) when they say sfh nafosahu , and raA^oyahu , they do not say it otherwise than with kesr [to the f ], because faEula is not trans.: (S, TA:) so that the three forms of the verb mentioned in the K require consideration: (TA:) accord. to Fr, when [the dependence of] the verb in the phrase safiha nafosahu became transferred from the nfs to the possessor thereof, what followed the verb became an explicative, to indicate that the safah [or lightwittedness, &c.,] was therein; and by rule it should be safiha zayodN nafosFA , for the explicative should not be otherwise than indeterminate; but it was left in its state of a prefixed noun, and put in the accus. case in the manner of an indeterminate noun as being likened thereto; [the meaning, therefore, accord. to him, is he was, or became, lightwitted, &c., as to his mind; ] it is not allowable, however, in his opinion, to make this accus. to precede [the verb], because the explicative may not precede; and similar to this is the phrase Diqotu bihi *aroEFA , and Tibotu bihi nafosFA , meaning DaAqa *aroEiYbihi and TaAbato nafosiY bihi : (S, TA:) but this saying [of Fr] is disallowed by the grammarians; for they say that explicatives are indeterminate, and that determinate nouns may not be used as indeterminate: some of the grammarians say that A_il~aAmano safiha nafosahu in the Kur [ii. 124] means Al~A mn safiha fiYnafosihi [ but he who is lightwitted, &c., in his mind ], i. e., who becomes safiyh ; [the prep.] fY being suppressed [and the noun therefore put in the accus. case agreeably with a general rule]: Zj holds that the approvab