صُفْر

1 Safara * aor. Safira , inf. n. SafiyrN , (S, M, K,) with which ↓ SufaArN is syn. in a phrase mentioned below; (S;) and ↓ Sf~r , (M, K,) inf. n. taSofiyrN ; (TA;) He, or it, (a bird, a vulture, S, and a serpent, or the A^asowad , or A^aEoraj , or Aibon qitorap , or A^aSalap , M,) whistled; syn. mkaA ; (S;) made, or uttered, a certain sound, (M, Msb, * K,) without the utterance of letters. (Msb.) [It is mostly said of a bird: see an ex. voce jaw~N .] One says [also], Safara fiY AlS~af~aArapi [ He whistled in the whistle ]. (M, K.) And Safara biAloHimaAri , and ↓ Sf~r , He called the ass to water [ by whistling; for to do thus is the common custom of the Arabs]. (M, K.) And Fr mentions the phrase, ↓ kaAna fiY kalaAmihi SafaArN , meaning SafiyrN [i. e. There was in his speech a whistling ]. (S.) -A2- Safira , aor. Safara , inf. n. SafarN (S, M, A, K, &c.) and SufuwrN ; (M, K;) and accord. to the T, Safara , aor. Safura , inf. n. SufuwrapN ; (TA;) It, or he, was, or became, empty, void, or vacant; (S, M, A, Msb, K;) namely, a house or tent; (S;) or a vessel, (S, M, &c.,) mina AlT~aEaAmi waAl$~araAbi [ of food and beverage ]; and a skin, mina All~abani [ of milk ]; (TA;) and a hand; (A;) and a thing; (S, M;) and accord. to ISk, Safira , aor Safara , inf. n. SafiyrN , is said of a man. (TA.) [See also 4, last sentence but one.] One says, naEuw*u biAll~`hi mino qaraEi AlfinaA='i waSafari AlA_inaA='i (S, M, A) [ We seek preservation by God from the yard's becoming void of cattle, and the vessel's becoming empty; ] meaning, from the perishing of the cattle. (S.) And Safirato wiTaAbuhu , (M, A, K, [in the CK, erroneously, waToAatuhu ,]) and Safira A_inaAw^uhu , (A,) [lit. His milk-skins, and his vessel, became empty; ] meaning (tropical:) he died; (M, K;) he perished. (A. [See also other explanations in art. wTb .]) -A3- Sufira , (M, K,) inf. n. SaforN , (K,) He had what is termed SufaAr , i. e. yellow water in his belly. (M, K.)

SiforN * (S, M, A, Msb, K) and ↓ SuforN and ↓ SufurN and ↓ SafirN (M, K) and ↓ SaforN (M) and ↓ A^aSofaru (Msb) Empty, void, or vacant; (S, M, A, Msb, K;) applied to a house or tent, (S, Msb,) and to a vessel, (M, A,) and to a hand: (A:) each of the first three is used alike as masc. and fem. and sing. [and dual] and pl.: (M:) [and so, app., is the last but one:] and each has also for its pl. A^aSofaArN . (M, K.) One says bayotN SiforN mina AlmataAEi A house, or tent, or chamber, empty, or void, of furniture and utensils. (S.) And [applying the pl. form of the epithet to a sing. subst.,] A_inaA='N A^aSofaArN An empty vessel; (M, K;) like as one says buromapN A^aEo$aArN ; on the authority of IAar: (M:) and [applying the sing form of the epithet to a pl. subst.,] A=niyapN SiforN empty vessels. (M, K.) And rajulN Siforu Alyadayoni A man empty-handed. (S, Msb.) And SiforN mina Alxayori (assumed tropical:) Void of good. (TA.) And it is said, in a trad., of Umm-Zara, that she was SiforN ridaAw^uhaA meaning (assumed tropical:) Lank in her belly; as though her rdA' , which is a garment that falls upon the belly and there ends, were empty. (TA.) And huwa SiforN SiHorN It is [ utterly ] empty; SHr being an imitative sequent. (Kh, Ham p. 354.) ― -b2- SiforN in arithmetical notation, in the Indian method, is A circle [or the character h , denoting nought, or zero; whence our term “ cipher: ” when nought is thus denoted, five is denoted by a character resembling our B: but more commonly, in the present day, nought is denoted by a round dot; and five, by h ]. (L, TA.) -A2- See also SuforN , in two places.

SafarN * [an inf. n. of Safira , q. v.: ― -b2- and hence,] Hunger: and ↓ SaforapN [the inf. n. un.] a hungering once. (M, K.) ― -b3- Also A certain disease in the belly, which renders the face yellow: (M, K:) or a collecting of water in the belly. (Kt.) [See also SufaArN .] ― -b4- Also A kind of serpent, (S, M, K,) in the belly, (S, K,) which sticks to the ribs, and bites them, (M, K,) or, as the Arabs assert, which bites a man when he is hungry, its bite occasioning the stinging which a man feels when he is hungry: (S:) used alike as sing. and pl.; or one is termed SafarapN : (M:) and it is said to be what is meant by the word in a trad., in which it is disacknowledged: (S, TA:) or a certain reptile ( daAb~ap ) which bites the ribs and their cartilages: (M, K:) or a certain serpent in the belly, which attacks beasts and men, and which, accord. to the Arabs [ of the time of Ignorance ], passes from one to another more than the mange or scab; (Ru-beh:) the Prophet, however, denied its doing so: it is said also that it oppresses and hurts a man when he is hungry: (A'Obeyd:) this is the explanation approved by Az: (TA:) or, as also ↓ SufaArN , worms in the belly, (M, K, TA,) and in the cartilages of the ribs, which cause a man to become very yellow, and sometimes kill him. (TA.) You say, EaD~a EalaY $urosuwfihi AlS~afaru , meaning, (tropical:) He was hungry. (A.) -A2- Accord. to some, (M,) in the trad. above referred to, SafarN signifies The postponing of [ the month ] El-Moharram, transferring it to Safar: (A'Obeyd, M, K:) [see nasiYo'N :] or it there means the disease called by this name, because they asserted it to be transitive. (K.) -A3- Also The intellect, or understanding; or the heart, or mind; syn. ruwEN : (M, K: [in the CK rawoE :]) the inmost part ( lub~ ) of the heart. (M, K.) Hence the saying, (TA,) laA yalotaATu h`*aA biSafariY This will not adhere to me, [or to my mind, ] nor will my soul accept it: (S, TA:) said of that which one does not love. (A.) -A4- Also A contract, compact, or covenant: or suretiship, or responsibility: syn. EaqodN . (M, L, K. [In some copies of the K, fqd .]) -A5- Also (S, M, Msb, K) and sometimes [ Safaru ,] imperfectly decl., (K,) but all make it perfectly decl. except AO, who makes it imperfectly decl. because it is determinate [or a proper name] and similar in meaning to saAEapN , which is fem., meaning that all nouns signifying times are saAEaAt , (Th, M,) and, accord. to some, AlS~afaru , (Msb,) [ The second month of the Arabian calendar; ] the month that is [ the next ] after ElMoharram ( AlmuHar~amu ): (S, M, K:) so called because in it they used to procure their provision of corn from the places [in which it was collected, their granaries having then become empty ( Sifor ); agreeably with the opinion of my learned friend Mons. Fulgence Fresnel, that it was so called from the scarcity of provisions in the season in which it fell when it was first named; for it then fell in winter: see the latter of the two tables in p. 1254; and see also nasiYo'N ]: or because Mekkeh was then empty, its people having gone forth to travel: or, accord. to Ru-beh, because the Arabs in it made predatory expeditions, and left those whom they met empty: (M:) or because they then made predatory expeditions, and left the houses of the people empty: (Msb in art. jmd :) pl. A^aSofaArN , (S, M, Msb, K,) and, as some say, SafaraAtN . (Msb.) ― -b2- AlS~afaraAni The two months of El-Moharram and Safar; (M;) two months of the year, whereof one was called by the Muslims El-Moharram. (IDrd, M, Msb, K.)