ظَلَمَ

1 Zalama * , aor. Zalima , has for its inf. n. ZalomN , (M, Msb, K, and so in some copies of the S,) or ↓ ZulomN , (so in other copies of the S,) or both, (T,) or the latter is a simple subst., (T, M, Msb, TA,) which is put in the place of the inf. n., (TA, [and the same is indicated in the T and K by the saying that the proper inf. n. is with fet-h,]) and ↓ maZolimapN , (S, TA,) or this is likewise a simple subst., (Msb,) and ↓ maZolamapN , [or this also is a simple subst.,] and ↓ ZilaAmN also is said to be an inf. n. like ZulomN , these two being like libaAsN and lubosN , [or it is a simple subst. like as ZulomN is said to be, or it is an inf. n. of 3, as such occurring in the middle of this paragraph,] or, accord. to Kr, it is pl. of ZulomN [like as rimaAHN is pl. of rumoHN ]: (TA:) [ Zalama when intrans. generally means He did wrong; or acted wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically: and when trans., he wronged; or treated, or used, wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically; or he misused: ] accord. to most of the lexicologists, (Er-Rághib, TA,) primarily, (As, T, S, Msb,) ↓ AlZ~ulomu signifies the putting a thing in a place not its own; putting it in a wrong place; misplacing it: (As, T, S, M, Er-Rághib, Msb, K:) and it is by exceeding or by falling short, or by deviating from the proper time and place: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or the acting in whatsoever way one pleases in the disposal of the property of another: and the transgressing the proper limit: (El-Munáwee, TA:) [i. e.] the transgressing the proper limit much or little: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or, accord. to some, it primarily signifies Aln~aqoS [as meaning the making to suffer loss, or detriment ]: (MF, TA:) and it is said to be of three kinds, between man and God, and between man and man, and between a man and himself; every one of which three is really liln~afosi [i. e. a wrongdoing to oneself ]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [when it is used as a simple subst.,] the pl. of ZulomN , accord. to Kr. is ZilaAmN , as mentioned above, and ↓ ZulaAmN , with damm, is said to be syn. with ZulomN , or a pl. thereof, [of an extr. form, commonly regarded as that of a quasi-pl. n.,] like ruxaAlN . (TA.) One says, mani A@sotaroEaY Al*~iy^oba faqado Zalama [ He who asks, or desires, the wolf to keep guard surely does wrong, or puts a thing in a wrong place ]: a prov. (S, Msb.) And mano A^a$obaha A^abaAhu famaA Zalama , (As, T, S,) a prov., meaning [ Whoso resembles his father in a quality, or an attribute,] he has not put the likeness in a wrong place. (As, T. [See art. $bh .]) walamo taZolimo minohu $ayoy^FA , in the Kur [xviii. 31], means walamo tanoquSo [i. e. And made not aught thereof to suffer loss, or detriment ]: (M, K:) and in like manner Fr explains the saying in the Kur [ii. 54 and vii. 160], wamaA ZalamuwnaA wal`kino kaAnuwA A^anofusahumo yaZolimuwna And they made not us to suffer loss, or detriment, by that which they did, but themselves they made to suffer loss, or detriment: (T, TA:) in which sense it seems to be indicated in the A that the verb is tropical. (TA.) ― -b2- It is also trans. by means of bi ; as in the phrase in the Kur [vii. 101 and xvii. 61] faZalamuwA bihaA , because the meaning is kafaruwA [i. e. And they disbelieved in them ], referring to the A=yaAt [or signs ]; (M, TA; *) the verb having this meaning tropically or by implication; or being thus made trans. because implying the meaning of Alt~ako*iyb : or [the meaning is, and they wronged themselves, or the people, because of them; for], as some say, the b is causative, and the objective complement, i. e. A^anofusahumo , or Aln~aAsa , is suppressed. (TA.) ― -b3- And it is doubly trans. by itself: (TA:) one says, Zalamahu Haq~ahu [ He made him to suffer loss, or detriment, of his right, or due; or defrauded, or despoiled, or deprived, him of it ]; and Haq~ahu ↓ tZl~mhu : (M, K:) [and] you say, fulaAnN ↓ taZal~amaniY , [as well as tZl~mnY maAliY , occurring in a verse cited in the M,] meaning ZalamaniY