What it meant
1. עַל
עַל,
עָ֑ל I subst. height
II As
prep.
upon, and hence
on the ground of,
according to,
on account of,
on behalf of,
concerning,
beside,
in addition to,
together with,
beyond,
above,
over,
by,
on to,
towards,
to,
against 1 Upon, of the substratum
upon which an object in any way rests, or
on which an action is performed
a —
(a) of clothing, etc., which any one wears
(b) With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
b Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
c Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
d על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
e חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
f Of the ground or basis, on which a thing is done
2 It expresses excess
3 It denotes elevation or pre-eminence
4 It expresses addition
5 It expresses the idea of being extended, or suspended over anything, without however being in contact with it, above, over
6 From the sense of inclining or impending over, על comes to denote contiguity or proximity, Engl. by (or sts. on)
7 In connection with verbs of motion (actual or fig.)
8 By writers of the silver age, על is sts. used with the force of a dative
9 With other particles:
III As
conj.
a עַל אֲשֶׁר because that
b עַל כִּי similar in meaning, but less frequent
c עַל alone:
(a) because
(b) notwithstanding that, although
IV Compounds:
1 with
כְּ (rare and late)
a as concerning, as upon
b the like of their deeds is the like of (that which) he will repay
2 מֵעַל from upon, from over, from by
2. עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
3. על
על Ir 1613 2226 Ezk 324; God hurled a wind Jon 14 ‘i hof: pf. 0037 (Bauer-L. Heb. 208r); .]קוחו 2017: to be hurled down Jr 2228 Ps 374 Job 41, Pr 1633. +ָ to hurl away (Driver JSS 13:48f) Is 2217. f Der. T7090. RENO: JAm. Syr. Mnd. (Drower-M. Dictionary 178a), > Arb. twf (Fraenkel 220) to flow over, 5/3 — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. על, p. 19]
4. על
על האבנים 10085 653, -* 7197 3 and ,ינק or נקה nif; יוציא ידו מחוחת בנדו 1085 13. —2. verbal constructions: a) with נתן to hold out one’s hand, give a handshake (Pedersen Eid 48, 62) 2K 5ן10 Ezk 17;g (when making a covenant, Schmitt ZAW 76:326) Lam 56, to make a promise Ezr 10j9, for submission 1C 294, to surrender (Lat. manum/us dare) Jr 5015 לי 2C 30g; b) with שלח to reach out Gn 322; 6( הֶרים to … — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. על, p. 33]
5. על
על to gather by hand Pr 13,); f) 3 17 נָחֶן Ex — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. על, p. 33]
6. עַל
עַל TDM to surpass in Qoh 29; —3. to do again, more ) * qal 2): a) with finite vb. Mp1 ויוסף he took again Gn 25), mw") 7) Ju 1144, so Gn 385 1S 195; Is $2) Hos 6 Pr 2335 Is 47).5; b) with inf. to continue to Gn 2ן4 0 Nu 226 Am 78 82; with ל with inf. וחוסֶף M729 Gn 42 Ex 57 Is 739; elliptical Pr 1949 )-* Commentaries); c) with neg. not to do anymore: with inf. ONI78 לא אסף Hos 945; with ל with inf. … — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. עַל, p. 64]
7. על
על to be added Ex 1; Nu 363; Jr 363 (by himself , or by others after him) Pr 1124, cj. 91, (rd. 180771); נוספות further (disasters) Is 159. t hif. (170 times): pf. ;ה(ו)ספתי , הסיף impf. (? possibly qal Beer-M. §78:3d) FC)OM)’, .יספ AEC, חוסף ,חוסף ,וחוסף ,ה()סיף (Bauer-L. Heb. 232[(, הוסף Pr 306 (Bauer-L. Heb. 383, Or. FIONN), א(ו)סף ,א(ו)ס(י)ף (jussive Bauer-L. Heb. 279!) Dt 1816 Ezk 6 Hos 915, … — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. על, p. 64]
8. על
על .2— ;;,45 cape from someone’s sight Pr to do evil with one’s lips, בשפת עול and meaning to speak evil, MHeb., DSS. + Der. 1. I לוז MHeb. JArm. Sam. (Ben-H. 2:499b) Syr. Mnd. (Drower-M. Dictionary 232b), > Arb. Eth. Tigr. (Littmann-H. Wb. 45b) Jauz (Néldeke Neue Beitr. 43; Bauer-L. Heb. 452'); -* pW: almond-tree, Amygdalus communis (Léw 3:142ff) Gn 3037; > 119. + nloc.; cf. I: locv. mn: —1. near > … — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. על, p. 168]
9. על
על מה on what account? Is 15; why? Nu 2239; —I1S 1438 rd. מ 214 rd. יש OS; Jr 2333p rd. NDOT OMS; Ps 894g rd. ;עולֶם הַשָוָא Ib 1314 and זז dl. Der. D119, מִתִלְאָה ri): Arb. mahah slow, ambling pace. hitpalp. (Bauer-L. Heb. 283v): pf. — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. על, p. 198]
10. על
על (Rudolph), כָּנִן Sir 41,, cj. Lam 26 for upon the (old) foundations Ezr 33, מכונתיו Sept., Aq., Symm, 332%) at the (old) place Ezr 26g; —2. item of עַל-מכונו (Rudolph), — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. על, p. 225]
11. על
על Neh 249 2C 13¢; —2. against Yahweh (THAT 1:925ff): Jb 24,3 )? 8 for ,אור > Holscher 59, :: Fohrer 368) Da 95 cj. Jr 23) (rd. WT); with ב Nu 149 Jos 2216-[8-190₪-29 Ezk 23 203g Da 99 Neh 926, with acc. Jos 22 op. Der. I מרד and n.m. 1] .מַרדוּת 7(,1) מֶרָד I TWD: ;מרד MHeb., JArm.' 8179, Syr. merda, Mnd. מירדא (Drower-M. Dictionary 270a); ™)"1 VW: *|79, mugqzal pattern; DSS 3 times ,מרדף once … — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. על, p. 278]
12. עַל
עַל embitter cj. Ps 10633 (rd. 177977); —2. with to complain bitterly about Zech 12j0, cj. to + (הַמָרו be in bitter dispute Ps 45 (rd. VVOT, or hitpalp. (Bauer-L. Heb. 432z): impf. — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. עַל, p. 284]
13. על
על 1544. t O77). +[ >( נדְדִי Ps 569: rd. נדי] Bauer-L. Heb. 470n; SamP. nédab: ,נדב :נָדִיב Ps 8342 (3rd. נְדִיבִיםבִי TAIT, ,נְדִיב נְדִיבָמו pl. sf., Bauer-L. Heb. 253z); —1. ready, — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. על, p. 319]
14. על
על to sway over Ju 99.;;.13 meaning to dominate ?, Ehrlich; Gressmann: to wander past; —2. to roam around without house or home Ps 5916 10919 (parallel with שאל pi.), Pr % Lam 445, cj. Zech 102 (rd. WY for LY"); TH) YI Gn 4)2.14 etc. (parallel with T1]); --25 0 -* ;ו Ps 47 for נסה rd. מַעָלִינוּ 03 (Gunkel; Kennedy 62 :: Kraus BK 15:31). ¢ nif: impf. ,ינוע Wi: to be shaken around (grain, figs) Am 9p (in … — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. על, p. 327]
15. על
על Lv 620 Is 633. + hif. (cf. 1QS 39 41): pf. 757, 47; impf. im” (see below), 37); impv. M7; pt. cs. MD: —1. to sprinkle: Nu 193); with עַל on Ex 2991 Lv 59 811-30 147 161419 Nu 87 19i¢¢, with אֶל Lv 145; Nu 194, with לפני Lv 1446.27 16,45; —2. with acc., to sprinkle, spatter something with Lv 46.17; —? Is 5215: 1? ? rd. ,ירְנזו see Commentaries; J. Lindblom Servant Songs (1951):38ff; Kaiser Der … — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. על, p. 329]
16. על
על to lay blood (guilt) on Jon 1,4; to bring (or carry) away (vDyck VT 18 (1968):21ff) meaning to pour out blood upon Ezk 24g (parallel with שים and DW of 7) 1K 2s, rain Ps 10532; NM נָ' to put someone into a position instead of someone else 1K 235; נְחון* stationed, resident Ezr 8,7« see Rudolph 80); alt. with Q -+ *7°N); possibly a gloss. —13. with two acc., to turn someone into something (parallel with … — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. על, p. 380]
17. עַל
עַל to be laid on Da 817; —3. misc.: to be granted Est 2)3, to be allowed Est 53.6; to be laid, placed Ezk 3223; Hos 8)9 for "חנו rd. (?) 1392 (cf. I. Willi-Plein BZAW 123 (1973):167). pass. gal (trad. hof.; Can. yudanu, see above; Bauer-L. Heb. 286 1, m.): impf. |: to be given Nu 2654 325 (with acc., Brockelmann Heb. Syn. §35d) 25 2160 2K 547, Jb 2815, cj. Is 539; MWS? יחן (with MS !( to be given as a wife … — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. עַל, p. 381]
18. על
על to lean on, support oneself Ju 1629 2K 18; Is 366 2C 32g, on God Is 485 Ps 71g. t pi. Jenni 139; 4Q 161:8/10, 18 יסומכנו = po.): impv. :סמְכוני to refresh Song 25.1 Der. שְמִיכָה , n.m. VDA, WDA’, TAOS. “Yahweh sustains” ” + סמך n.m.; :סמכיהו — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. על, p. 405]
19. עַל
עַל Jr 3912 404 he has his eye on; ‘PY OW לְטובָה עַל Ir 246 for good :: לְרְעָה 78 OW Ir 2110: O°YY "A between the eyes, in the centre of the forehead Ex 6ן.130 Dt 68 111g 14, Da 85.2; (Ug. ‘nmbn Gordon Textbook §19:1846 and §10:7); ע' NOH ע' Ex 2124 Lv 2499 (Alt Kl. Schr. 1:341-4; Elliger Lev. 335); ‘YD ע' face to face, Nu 1414; py? with TS? לא (rd. nif. for qal) “by any eye”, not “by no eye” Ezk … — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. עַל, p. 464]
20. עַל
עַל back, Syr. (not used in pe., cf. P. Smith 2873) pa. to hold back, hinder, etpa. pass (= Arb. ‘aqara); Arb. ‘akira to be muddy, disturbed; OSArb. ‘kr it took place, occurred, ‘tkr (VIID to harm (Conti 205b). gal: pf. ,עָכַר "MDP, DAISY, WN; impf. JDL"; pt. IDV, "IDV: to entangle, put into disorder, bring disaster, throw into confusion, ruin, (Stamm Orientalia 7 (1978):339-350 :: KBL to make a taboo, with … — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. עַל, p. 470]
21. עַל
עַל §10:13; R. Meyer Gr. 887, 3d), preserved in the older form "2D Gn 49,7 + 35 times (2S 1820 for K ‘2273 rd. with Q עָלִי "D and ins. }2. cf. Budde KHC 8 (1902):286; Bauer-L. Heb. TIn): 20°29, 29, P29. V2) CIV Ps 1167 Bauer-L. Heb. 255k), "7Y (17 1S 210 > על1 b) 2S 20g rd. Q POY א) 2 19Y, ef. Hertzberg ATD 102:305!; TOB), עְלִיהָ (1S 9 וְהָעָלִיהָ = article 7 + prep. “what belonged to her” see R. Meyer … — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. עַל, p. 471]
22. עַל
עַל Is 8ן59 text corrupt, > ָּמוּל 1 and 1 על b; Hos 6ן7 for לא עָל prp. (cf. Sept.) לִבְּלִיעַל or Syn (BHS) :: Rudolph KAT 13/1:152; Wolff BK 14/12:136 > 1 עַל b; Hos 117 for TIP? PVN) prp. (NT) NTP? ְאֶל בּעַל (BHS; Wolff BK 14/12:248 :: Rudolph KAT 13/1:212) > 1 צל b; b) עָל the Sublime One (the Almighty), synonymous with על'ון or short form of it, may possibly be an independent name for … — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. עַל, p. 471]
23. עַל
עַל,עַל זז 18 200 Q = 58, :על א Sem. (Albright Proto-Sin. 42), MHeb. SamP. ‘al, ‘ali (= yp), JArm.; Ug. 7 (Gordon Textbook §19:1852; Aistleitner 2030; Fisher Parallels 1: p. 292f, no. 417-420; Aartun AOAT 21/2 (1978):54ff), Ph. ,עלת ,עלי ,על) Poenulus 939 aly Sznycer 1051( Deir Alla 2:17; OArm. Pehl. Sogd. (Jean-H. Dictionnaire 208f), displaces ON and ל in EmpArm. )-* BArm.), which also happens in later … — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. עַל, p. 471]
24. עַל
עַל because they Ex 72, עַל-ריב with inf. because he Jb 325. על-צדדקו — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. עַל, p. 472]
25. עַל
עַל TDI Ezr 104, °2) מחסוךך Ju 1920; "2 with 0 and inf., it is up to me, it is my duty 2S 18), cf. Ex 2835 1K 4; tech. term in trade (EgArm.; Akk. eli; Ug. ‘1 Gordon Textbook §19:1852); Sy הרְבָּה to impose a high charge Gn 34,2; הוציא על to divide, apportion (costs, expenses) 2K 1549, Sy כָּחב to write out for someone, prescribe for someone, dictate to Jb 1326; 6( for physical and mental perceptions מחוק … — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. עַל, p. 472]
26. על
על 119136; with inf. (R. Meyer Gr. §102, 3) "JN because you speak Jr 235; TOW עַל because it had been established Ezr 3,1; b) על ‘> because Dt 3147 Ju 312 Jr 42g Mal 2)4 Ps 13914; על אשַר for the reason that Ex 3235 Nu 2024, Jos 1714 for WS עד prp. עַל אִ' (BHS), Jr 16,;, WS עַל-כָּל-אדות just because Jr 3g, WW על דְּבַר on the ground that Dt 235; in a similar sense ה + על as relative pron. … — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. על, p. 473]
27. עַל
עַל Lev. 261) and 22% 3325 (see Zimmerli 815, FY, cf. 16 > OF 1, and הֶהָרִים usu. cj. 8199 J.M. Grintz ASTI 8 (1970/71):78-105, on 5 see TOB 533% c) together with Gn 32) 1432 — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. עַל, p. 473]
28. על
על רוגה to come to one’s mind Ezk 2032 = על לב Is 6517 and Jr 346 (parallel with זכר qal) Sir 3512; 2K 125: to do on one’s own initiative (cf. Syr. sleq ‘al leb); i) tech. term in trade: with 3 (articles for trade) reach a certain price 1K 1029. —4. approximates the meaning of the passive: a) sacrifices go up on to the altar, meaning they are presented Lv 212 1K 189 Is 607 Ps 515; (Ph., CIS 1, 170:2-3); b) … — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. על, p. 475]
29. על
על אשר ... עַל-כָּן(ס because ... therefore 1K 99 2C 722 = D7 2D ... “WHS TD? Ezk 4419; —2S 1820 ins. }D after על K and rd. with MSS Q 7D 99; Hab 147 7D על (dl. ,ה Jeremias WMANT 35 (1970):793, BHS); Jb 3427 for }D" אשר על either rd. TW על כָּן or dl. .כּן :עלל ז MHeb. to be busy; Arb. ‘alla: a) to drink repeatedly (camels), b) to do any action repeatedly, > Eth. (Leslau 39). cj. qal: Ob 16 ? rd. … — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. על, p. 480]
30. עַל
עַל Ps 374, OW ,עלדרב in God Is 5814 Ps 374 Jb 22.6 2719; —3. to refresh oneself (parallel with 73/3) Is ן ן66 ; —4. to make fun about, with על Is 574. t Der. 1]D, 2D, ,הענוּג cj. ? #2100. JY: 2, Bauer-L. Heb. 460i: pleasure Is 1322 008 (עו) Bauer-L. Heb. 4660: SamP. ,,ענג :עגנ :-רָה fem. (w)annagd: 7212, Dt 2855 Bomberg pampered, molly-coddled Dt 2854.56 (paral- and 134), Is 47). f רך lel with … — [Koehler–Baumgartner, s.v. עַל, p. 497]
31. על
"עלל m.n. (pl. oy) yoke. (From base על (=to insert, thrust in). Relatedto Akka. allu, ullu (= yoke, chain).] n?y m.n. PBH height. [Seexdy>.] mindy fin.NH superiority, supremacy. [Formed from עַלְאִי with suff. nic.] — [Klein, s.v. על, p. 496]
Hebrew text from the Westminster Leningrad Codex (public domain). Morphology and lemmatization from the OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible (OSHB), CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) lexicon, public domain.