καί

• and, even, also, just

and; also Adv., even, also, just, freq. expressing emphatic assertion or assent, corresponding as positive to the negative οὐ (μή) or οὐδέ (μηδέ).

A and

copulative, and,

I and

joining words or sentences to those preceding, ἦ, καὶ κυανέῃσιν ἐπʼ ὀφρύσι νεῦσε Κρονίων Il. 1.528, etc.: repeated with two or more Nouns, αἱ δὲ ἔλαφοι κ. δορκάδες κ. οἱ ἄγριοι οἶες κ. οἱ ὄνοι οἱ ἄγριοι X. Cyr. 1.4.7; joining only the last pair, Cleom. 2.1 (p.168.5 Z.), Phlp. in APr. 239.30, etc., v.l. in Arist. Po. 1451a20; ὁ ὄχλος πλείων κ. πλείων ἐπέρρει more and more, X. Cyr. 7.5.39; to add epithets after πολύς, πολλὰ κ. ἐσθλά Il. 9.330; πολλὰ κ. μεγάλα D. 28.1, etc.

2 and specially, and above all, or, and, too

to add a limiting or defining expression, πρὸς μακρὸν ὄρος κ. Κύνθιον ὄχθον to the mountain and specially to . . , h.Ap. 17, cf. A. Ag. 63 (anap.), S. Tr. 1277 (anap.) (sts. in reverse order, πρὸς δῶμα Διὸς κ. μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον Il. 5.398); to add by way of climax, θεῶν . . κ. Ποσειδῶνος all the gods, and above all . . , A. Pers. 750, etc.; ἐχθροὶ κ. ἔχθιστοι Th. 7.68; τινὲς κ. συχνοί Pl. Grg. 455c; freq. ἄλλοι τε καί . . , ἄλλως τε καί . . , v. ἄλλος II.6, ἄλλως I.3; ὀλίγου τινὸς ἄξια κ. οὐδενός li

II

at the beginning of a sentence,

1

in appeals or requests, καί μοι δὸς τὴν χεῖρα Il. 23.75; καί μοι λέγε . . , καί μοι ἀπόκριναι . . , Pl. Euthphr. 3a, Grg. 462b; freq. in Oratt., καί μοι λέγε . . τὸ ψήφισμα, καί μοι ἀνάγνωθι . . , D. 18.105, Lys. 14.8, etc.

2 pray, but

in questions, to introduce an objection or express surprise, κ. τίς τόδʼ ἐξίκοιτʼ ἂν ἀγγέλων τάχος; A. Ag. 280; κ. πῶς . .; pray how . .? E. Ph. 1348; κ. δὴ τί . .; but then what . .? Id. Hel. 101; κ. ποῖον . .; S. Aj. 462; κ. τίς εἶδε πώποτε βοῦς κριβανίτας; Ar. Ach. 86; κἄπειτʼ ἔκανες; E. Med. 1398 (anap.); κ. τίς πώποτε χαριζόμενος ἑτέρῳ τοῦτο εἰργάσατο; Antipho 5.57, cf. Is. 1.20, Isoc. 12.23, Pl. Tht. 163d, al.

3 and yet

= καίτοι, and yet, Ar. Eq. 1245, E. HF 509.

4

at the beginning of a speech, Lys. Fr. 36a.

III as, as

after words implying sameness or likeness, as, γνώμῃσι ἐχρέωντο ὁμοίῃσι κ. σύ they had the same opinion as you, Hdt. 7.50, cf. 84; ἴσον or ἴσα κ. . . , S. OT 611, E. El. 994; ἐν ἴσῳ (sc. ἐστὶ) κ. εἰ . . Th. 2.60, etc.

2

after words implying comparison or opposition, αἱ δαπάναι οὐχ ὁμοίως κ. πρίν Id. 7.28; πᾶν τοὐναντίον ἔχει νῦν τε κ. ὅτε . . Pl. Lg. 967a.

3

to express simultaneity, ἦν ἦμαρ δεύτερον . . , κἀγὼ κατηγόμην S. Ph. 355, cf. Th. 1.50; παρέρχονταί τε μέσαι νύκτες κ. ψύχεται [τὸ ὕδωρ] Hdt. 4.181, cf. 3.108; [οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι] οὐκ ἔφθασαν τὴν ἀρχὴν κατασχόντες κ. Θηβαίοις εὐθὺς ἐπεβούλευσαν Isoc. 8.98.

IV

joining an affirm. clause with a neg., ἀλλʼ ὥς τι δράσων εἷρπε κοὐ θανούμενος S. Tr. 160, etc.

V not only . . , but also

καί . . , καί . . correlative, not only . . , but also . . , κ. ἀεὶ κ. νῦν, κ. τότε κ. νῦν, Pl. Grg. 523a, Phlb. 60b; κ. κατὰ γῆν κ. κατὰ θάλατταν X. An. 1.1.7.

VI

by anacoluthon, ὣς φαμένη κ. κερδοσύνῃ ἡγήσατʼ Ἀθήνη, for ὣς ἔφη κ. . . , Il. 22.247; ἔρχεται δὲ αὐτή τε . . κ. τὸν υἱὸν ἔχουσα, for κ. ὁ υἱός, X. Cyr. 1.3.1; ἄλλας τε κατηγεόμενοί σφι ὁδούς, κ. τέλος ἐγίνοντο Hdt. 9.104; τοιοῦτος ὤν, κᾆτʼ ἀνὴρ ἔδοξεν εἶναι Ar. Eq. 392, cf. Nu. 624.

B even, also, just

even, also, just,

1 even, even, full, or

τάχα κεν κ. ἀναίτιον αἰτιόῳτο even the innocent, Il. 11.654, cf. 4.161, etc.; δόμεναι κ. μεῖζον ἄεθλον an even greater prize, 23.551, cf. 10.556, 5.362: with numerals, κ. πέντε full five, 23.833; γενομένης κ. δὶς ἐκκλησίας Th. 1.44, cf. Hdt. 2.44, 60, 68, al. (but ἐτῶν δύο κ. τριῶν two or three, Th. 1.82, cf. X. Eq. 4.4).

2 also, also, also, likewise, also

also, κ. ἐγώ I also, Il. 4.40; κ. αὐτοί they also, X. An. 3.4.44, etc.; Ἀγίας καὶ Σωκράτης κ. τούτω ἀπεθανέτην likewise died, ib. 2.6.30; in adding surnames, etc., Ὦχος ὁ κ. Δαρειαῖος Ctes. Fr. 29.49 (sed Photii est): Ptol. Papyri have nom. ὃς κ., gen. τοῦ κ. etc., Πανίσκος ὃς κ. Πετεμῖνις PLond. 2.219 (b) 2 (ii B.C.); dat. τῷ κ. ib.(a) v2, PRein. 26.5 (ii B. C.); nom. ὁ κ. first in PTeb. 110.1 (i B. C.), freq. later, BGU 22.25 (ii A. D.), etc.; Ἰούδας ὁ κ. Μακκαβαῖος J. AJ 12.6.4; Σαῦλος ὁ κ. Π

b also

freq. used both in the anteced. and relat. clause, where we put also in the anteced. only, εἰ μὲν κ. σὺ εἶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὧνπερ κ. ἐγώ Pl. Grg. 458a, cf. Il. 6.476, X. An. 2.1.21.

3

freq. in apodosi, after temporal Conjs., ἀλλʼ ὅτε δή ῥα . . , κ. τότε δή . . Il. 1.494, cf. 8.69, Od. 14.112; also after εἰ, Il. 5.897: in Prose, ὡς δὲ ἔδοξεν, κ. ἐχώρουν Th. 2.93: as a Hebraism, κ. ἐγένετο . . κ. . . LXX Ge. 24.30, al., Ev.Luc. 1.59, etc.

4 full

with Advs., to give emphasis, κ. κάρτα Hdt. 6.125; κ. λίην full surely, Il. 19.408, Od. 1.46; κ. μᾶλλον Il. 8.470, cf. E. Heracl. 386; κ. πάλαι, κ. πάνυ, S. OC 1252, Pl. Chrm. 154e; κ. μάλα, κ. σφόδρα, in answers, Ar. Nu. 1326, Pl. La. 191e.

5 even so much as, were it but, just, so much as

with words expressing a minimum, even so much as, were it but, just, ἱέμενος κ. καπνὸν ἀποθρῴσκοντα νοῆσαι Od. 1.58; οἷς ἡδὺ κ. λέγειν Ar. Nu. 528; τίς δὲ κ. προσβλέψεται; who will so much as look at you? E. IA 1192, cf. Ar. Ra. 614, Pl. Ap. 28b, 35b.

6 just, just, how long ago, where

just, τοῦτʼ αὐτὸ κ. νοσοῦμεν ʼtis just that that ails me, E. Andr. 906, cf. Ba. 616, S. Tr. 490, Ar. Pax 892, Ra. 73, Pl. Grg. 456a, Tht. 166d: freq. with a relat., τὸ κ. κλαίουσα τέτηκα Il. 3.176; διὸ δὴ καὶ . . Th. 1.128, etc.: also in interrogations (usu. to be rendered by emphasis in intonation), ποίου χρόνου δὲ καὶ πεπόρθηται πόλις; and how long ago was the city sacked? A. Ag. 278; ποῦ καί σφε θάπτει; where is he burying her? E. Alc. 834, cf. S. Aj. 1290, al., X. An. 5.8.2, Ar. Pax 1289, Pl

7 even, just, eʼen

even, just, implying assent, ἔπειτά με κ. λίποι αἰών thereafter let life eʼen leave me, Il. 5.685, cf. 17.647, 21.274, Od. 7.224.

8 even if, although, notwithstanding that, had, and if

κ. εἰ even if, of a whole condition represented as an extreme case, opp. εἰ κ. although, notwithstanding that, of a condition represented as immaterial even if fulfilled, cf. Il. 4.347, 5.351, Od. 13.292, 16.98 with Il. 5.410, Od. 6.312, 8.139, etc.; εἰ κ. ἠπιστάμην if I had been able, Pl. Phd. 108d, cf. Lg. 663d. (This remark does not apply to cases where εἰ and καί each exert their force separtely, as εἴ περ ἀδειής τʼ ἐστί, καὶ εἰ . . and if . . Il. 7.117, cf. Hdt. 5.78, etc.)

9 although, albeit, how much soever, although

before a Participle, to represent either καὶ εἰ . . , or εἰ καί . . , although, albeit, Ἕκτορα κ. μεμαῶτα μάχης σχήσεσθαι ὀΐω, for ἢν κ. μεμάῃ, how much soever he rage, although he rage, Il. 9.655; τί σὺ ταῦτα, κ. ἐσθλὸς ἐών, ἀγορεύεις; (for εἰ κ. ἐσθλὸς εἶ) 16.627, cf. 13.787, Od. 2.343, etc.; κ. τύραννος ὢν ὅμως S. OC 851.

C and

Position: καί and, is by Poets sts. put after another word, ἔγνωκα, τοῖσδε κοὐδὲν ἀντειπεῖν ἔχω, for καὶ τοῖσδε οὐδέν A. Pr. 51, cf. Euph. 51.7, etc.

2 also

καί also, sts. goes between a Prep. and its case, ἐν κ. θαλάσσᾳ Pi. O. 2.28.

3

very seldom at the end of a verse, S. Ph. 312, Ar. V. 1193.

D

crasis: with ᾰ, as κἄν, κἀγαθοί, etc.; with ε, as κἀγώ, κἄπειτα, etc., Dor. κἠγώ, κἤπειτα, etc.; with η, as χἠ, χἠμέρη, χἠμεῖς, etc.; with ῐ in χἰκετεύετε, χἰλαρή; with ο, as χὠ, χὤστις, etc.; with υ in χὐμεῖς, χὐποχείριον, etc.; with ω in the pron. ᾧ, χᾦ; with αι, as κᾀσχρῶν; with αυ, as καὐτός; with ει, as κεἰ, κεἰς (but also κἀς) , κᾆτα; with εὐ-, as κεὐγένεια, κεὐσταλής; with οι in χοἰ (χᾠ EM 816.34); with ου in χοὖτος, κοὐ, κοὐδέ, and the like.