1. tempĕro — Lewis & Short
tempĕro, āvi, ātum, 1 (old
I pres. subj. temperint, Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 41; collat. dep. form tempĕror, Lact. 7, 5, 12), v. a. and n. tempus.
I Act., to divide or proportion duly, mingle in due proportion; to combine or compound properly; to qualify, temper, etc. (class.; cf.: modifico, misceo).
A Lit.:
nec vero qui simplex esse debet, ex dissimilibus rebus misceri et temperari potest,Cic. Off. 3, 33, 119:
qui (orbium motus) acuta cum gravibus temperans varios aequabiliter concentus efficit,id. Rep. 6, 18, 18:
ea cum tria sumpsisset, unam in speciem temperavit,id. Univ. 7:
tale quiddam esse animum, ut sit ex igni atque animă temperatum,id. N. D. 3, 14, 36:
aes conflare et temperare,Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 197:
ferrum,id. 34, 14, 41, § 145:
herbas,Ov. F. 5, 402:
acetum melle,Plin. 14, 17, 21, § 114:
vinum,id. 29, 3, 11, § 50: pocula, to flavor, i. e. to fill, Hor. C. 1, 20, 11; id. Epod. 17, 80; Mart. 9, 12, 7:
venenum,Suet. Ner. 2 fin.:
unguentum,Plin. 13, 2, 2, § 18:
collyrium,id. 27, 10, 59, § 83:
colores,id. 2, 18, 16, § 79 et saep.:
ejusdem solis tum accessus modici tum recessus et frigoris et caloris modum temperant,Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49:
Etesiarum flatu nimii temperantur calores,id. ib. 2, 53, 131; cf.:
vitis solem umbra temperans,Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 91: quis aquam (i. e. balneum) temperet ignibus, who shall temper, i. e. warm, Hor. C. 3, 19, 6; so, balneum, Mart. 3, 25, 1:
scatebrisque arentia temperat arva,i. e. waters, Verg. G. 1, 110; so,
arva (Galesus),Claud. Cons. Prob. 260.—
2 Transf., to rule, regulate, govern, manage, arrange, order:
rem publicam institutis et legibus,Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; cf.:
constituere et temperare civitates,id. Ac. 2, 1, 3:
Lycurgus, qui Lacedaemoniorum rem publicam temperavit,id. Div. 1, 43, 96; cf.:
qui (Juppiter) res hominum ac deorum, Qui mare ac terras variisque mundum Temperat horis,Hor. C. 1, 12, 16:
terram, mare, urbes, etc. (corresp. to regere),id. ib. 3, 4, 45:
mare,id. ib. 4, 12, 1:
aequor,Verg. A. 1, 146:
orbem,Ov. M. 1, 770; 15, 869:
arces aetherias,id. ib. 15, 859:
undas,id. ib. 12, 580:
ratem,id. ib. 13, 366:
solus id navigii genus temperans,Vell. 2, 107:
omnia pretio temperata,id. 2, 60:
senem delirum,Hor. S. 2, 5, 71:
ora frenis,id. C. 1, 8, 7 et saep.:
genius qui natale temperat astrum,id. Ep. 2, 2, 187:
annum,id. ib. 1, 12, 16; Plin. 2, 6, 4, § 13:
caeli fulgura,Cic. Leg. 8, 21:
fortunam suo arbitrio,Petr. 137.— Poet.:
carmen impositis articulis,i. e. to tune, Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 80; cf.:
testudinis aureae strepitum,Hor. C. 4, 3, 18:
Musam pede Archilochi,id. Ep. 1, 19, 28 sq.:
citharam nervis,i. e. to string, Ov. M. 10, 108.—
B Trop.
1 To regulate, rule, etc.:
non modice temperatam sed nimis meracam libertatem sitiens haurire,Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 96; cf.:
cujus acerbitas morum immanitasque naturae ne vino quidem permixta temperari solet,id. Phil. 12, 11, 26:
quod (genus) erit aequatum et temperatum ex tribus optimis rerum publicarum modis,id. Rep. 1, 45, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 39, 65:
ita in variā et perpetuā oratione hi (numeri) sunt inter se miscendi et temperandi,id. Or. 58, 197; so,
joined with miscere,id. Off. 3, 33, 119 (on the contrary, opp. miscere, id. Rep. 2, 23, 42); cf.:
at haec interdum temperanda et varianda sunt,id. Or. 29, 103; 18, 60; 52, 176:
iracundiam cohibere, victoriam temperare,id. Marcell. 3, 8:
amara lento Temperet risu,Hor. C. 2, 16, 27: annonam macelli quotannis temperandam censuit, to be regulated, i. e. fixed at moderate prices, Suet. Tib. 34:
(Aeolus) Sceptra tenens mollitque animos et temperat iras,soothes, allays, Verg. A. 1, 57:
sumptus,Ov. Am. 1, 3, 10:
Mercurius temperat astra,Stat. Th. 1, 305.—
2 Se temperare ab aliquā re, to refrain from, abstain from, forbear, etc. (late Lat.): temperare se a rectorum suorum reprehensione, Greg. M. in Job, 25, 38 init.; 18, 3: ab utro se temperat, Aug. c. Faust. 6, 5 fin.; id. Trin. 3 prooem.
II Neutr., to observe proper measure; to moderate or restrain one's self; to forbear, abstain; to be moderate or temperate (class.; cf. moderor).
A In gen., constr. with in aliquā re, alicui rei, ab aliquā re, a simple abl., an inf., or ne or quin with subj.
(a) With in and abl.:
jam istoc probior es, cum in amore temperes,Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 8:
in multa temperarunt tribuni,Liv. 2, 52, 5; Sall. J. 85, 9.—
(b) With dat.:
linguae tempera,Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 28; so,
linguae,Liv. 28, 44, 18:
linguae,Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 2:
manibus,Liv. 2, 23, 9; 4, 3, 6; 32, 20, 3; Curt. 7, 2, 24:
oculis,Liv. 21, 22, 7:
irae,id. 33, 20, 7:
victoriae,Sall. C. 11, 8:
gulae,Plin. Ep. 2, 6, 5:
lacrimis,Curt. 7, 2, 7.—
(g) With ab and abl.:
temperare ab injuriā et maleficio,Caes. B. G. 1, 7:
a maleficio,Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29:
a lacrimis,Verg. A. 2, 8:
precibus ducis mitigati ab excidio civitatis temperavere,Tac. H. 1, 63.—Rarely with sibi, etc.:
cum sibi in contionibus credas a mendacio temperaturum?Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25:
ne a necessariis quidem sibi rabies temperat,Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 4.—
(d) With abl. alone:
lacrimis,Liv. 30, 20; Tac. A. 15, 16:
a venatibus,Claud. III. Laud. Stil. 270:
risu,Liv. 32, 34, 3: neque verbis adversus principem neque factis, Suet. Vit. Lucan.—(e) With inf.:
matronae Canorā hic voce suā tinnire temperent,Plaut. Poen. prol. 33:
dormire,id. ib. 22:
maledicere huic,id. ib. 5, 2, 76: tollere puerum, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 21, 42 (Trag. v. 67 Vahl.):
exordiri rem novam,Gell. 4, 9, 5. —(z) With ne and subj.:
quoi male faciundi est potestas, quom ne id faciat temperat,Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 60:
quod in pluribus libris ne facerem temperavi,Lact. 4, 3, 5.—(h) With quin (post-Aug.):
non temperante Tiberio quin premeret,Tac. A. 3, 67: ne sedato quidem tumultu temperare potuit, quin, etc., Suet. Claud. 41; id. Calig. 54:
vix temperabat, quin diceret,Sen. Contr. 10, 1 (30), 7:
Arruntius non temperavit, quin, etc.,id. Ep. 114, 19.—
b With sibi or animis (so not in Cicero):
neque sibi homines feros temperaturos existimabat, quin, etc.,Caes. B. G. 1, 33:
vix sibi temperant quin, etc.,Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 2; Vell. 1, 16, 1: usque mihi temperavi, dum perducerem eo rem, ut, etc., Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 7, 2:
nequeo mihi temperare, quominus, etc.,Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 41; 1, praef. §
30: non quivit temperare sibi in eo (signo), etc.,id. 34, 8, 19, § 62; Plin. Ep. 6, 17, 1:
vix temperavere animis, quin, etc.,Liv. 5, 45, 7.—
c Impers. pass.:
aegre temperatum est, quin, etc.,they with difficulty refrained, Liv. 32, 10, 8:
nec temperatum manibus foret, ni, etc.,id. 2, 23, 10:
jam superfundenti se laetitiae vix temperatum est,id. 5, 7, 8:
ab oppugnatione urbium temperatum,id. 7, 20, 9:
a caedibus,id. 25, 25, 9.—
B In partic., pregn., to forbear, abstain, or refrain from; to spare, be indulgent to any thing (cf.: parco, abstineo); constr. with dat. or ab:
ut si cuiquam ullā in re umquam temperaverit, ut vos quoque ei temperetis,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:
superatis hostibus (shortly after, parcere),id. ib. 2, 2, 2, §
4: sociis,id. ib. 2, 1, 59, §
154: alicui in aliquā re,id. ib. 2, 2, 6, §
17: amicis,id. Balb. 27, 60:
privignis,Hor. C. 3, 24, 18:
ingenio suo,Quint. 10, 1, 98 al.:
in quo ab sociis temperaverant,Liv. 6, 17, 8:
ab his sacris,id. 39, 10, 9:
quamvis a plerisque cibis singuli temperemus,Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 8; cf.:
a mulso sibi temperare,Cels. 4, 31.—Impers. pass.:
templis deum temperatum est,Liv. 1, 29, 6 Drak. N. cr.:
nec ab ullo temperatum foret,id. 24, 31, 11.—Hence,
A tempĕ-rans, antis, P. a., observing moderation, sober, moderate, temperate (syn.:
modestus, abstinens): aut temperantem (dices), qui se in aliquā libidine continuerit, in aliquā effuderit?Cic. Par. 3, 1, 21:
homo in omnibus vitae partibus moderatus ac temperans, etc.,id. Font. 18, 40; so,
homo,id. Att. 15, 1, 1.—Sup.:
homo sanctissimus et temperantissimus,Cic. Font. 17, 38:
principes graviores temperantioresque a cupidine imperii,refraining, abstaining, Liv. 26, 22, 14 Drak. N. cr.—With gen.:
famae temperans,Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 41:
temperans gaudii seraeque laetitiae,Plin. Pan. 52, 5:
potestatis temperantior,Tac. A. 13, 46.—Hence, adv.: tempĕranter, with moderation, moderately, Tac. A. 4, 33; 15, 29. — Comp., Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 2.—Sup. seems not to occur.—
B tempĕrātus, a, um, P. a. *
1 Duly arranged or prepared:
prela,Cato, R. R. 12.—
2 Limited, moderate, temperate.
(a) Lit.:
temperatae escae modicaeque potiones,Cic. Div. 1, 51, 115:
regiones caeli neque aestuosae neque frigidae sed temperatae,Vitr. 1, 4; cf. Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 26.—Comp.:
loca temperatiora,Caes. B. G. 5, 12:
o temperatae dulce Formiae litus,Mart. 10, 30, 1:
mitis ac temperatus annus,Col. 3, 20, 1; cf. in sup.:
temperatissimum anni tempus,Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 14.—
(b) Trop., of moral character, of speech, etc., moderate, sober, calm, steady, temperate:
est autem ita temperatis moderatisque moribus, ut summa severitas summā cum humanitate jungatur,Cic. Fam. 12, 27:
justi, temperati, sapientes,id. N. D. 3, 36, 87: in victoriā tem, peratior, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 1:
mens in bonis Ab insolenti temperata Laetitiā,Hor. C. 2, 3, 3:
vim temperatam di provehunt In majus,id. ib. 3, 4, 66:
animum temperatum virtutibus fuisse,Liv. 1, 18, 4:
hoc multo fortius est ... illud temperatius,Sen. Ep. 18, 3:
aequabile et temperatum orationis genus,Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3:
oratio modica ac temperata,id. Or. 27, 95.—Comp.:
temperatior oratio,Cic. de Or. 2, 53, 212.— Sup.:
temperatissimi sanctissimique viri monumentum,Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 38, § 83. — Adv.: tempĕrātē, in due proportion, with moderation, moderately, temperately.
a Lit.:
tepebit,Cato, R. R. 69, 2:
arbores umoris temperate, parum terreni habentes,Vitr. 2, 9 med.—
b Trop.:
agere,Cic. Att. 12, 32, 1:
temperatius scribere,id. ib. 13, 1, 1:
temperatissime et castissime vivere,Aug. Mus. 6, 15.