1. tempestas — Lewis & Short
tempestas, ātis (collat. form tempe-stūs, ūtis;
I v. in the foll.; gen. plur. tempestatium, Vitr. 9, 6, 3), f. tempus.
I A portion, point, or space of time, a time, season, period, w(/ra (so mostly ante-class. and poet.; syn. tempus): SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 10; cf.:
in duodecim tabulis: SOLIS OCCASV DIEI SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO: libri augurum pro tempestate tempestutem dicunt, supremum augurii tempus,Varr. L. L. 7, § 51 Müll. N. cr.: jam quā tempestate vivo certe sine ad me recipio, Lucil. ap. Non. 407, 31:
eā tempestate flos poëtarum fuit,Plaut. Cas. prol. 18:
verum tempestas quondam cum vixi fuit, Quom, etc.,id. Truc. 2, 4, 29:
eādemque tempestate multis signis Lacedaemoniis calamitas denuntiabatur,Cic. Div. 1, 34, 75:
quā tempestate juvencos egerat a stabulis,Prop. 4, 9, 1:
non ego pro mundi regno magis anxius illā Tempestate fui, qua, etc.,Ov. M. 1, 183: tertia te Phthiae tempestas laeta locabit, the third day (a translation of the Homeric h)/mati/ ken trita/tw|, Il. 9, 363), Cic. poët. Div. 1, 25, 52:
quā tempestate Poenus in Italiam venit,Cic. de Or. 3, 38, 153; cf. id. Or. 49, 164:
fuere item eā tempestate, qui crederent, etc.,Sall. C. 17, 7; Curt. 4, 2, 11; 6, 2, 15:
illā tempestate,Liv. 27, 37, 13; Curt. 3, 1, 2:
hac tempestate,Sall. J. 3, 1; 13, 7; Vell. 2, 78; Just. 19, 2, 3; 25, 2, 8: sic omnia nimia, cum vel in tempestate vel in agris vel in corporibus laetiora fuerunt, in contraria fere convertuntur (a transl. of the Platonic e)n w(/rais te kai\ e)n futoi=s kai\ e)n sw/masi), Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68.— In plur.: quam te post multis tueor tempestatibus, Pac. ap. Non. 407, 33:
cis paucas tempestates, augebis, etc.,Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 18:
multis tempestatibus haud sane quisquam Romae virtute magnus fuit,Sall. C. 53, 5:
Sulla sollertissimus omnium in paucis tempestatibus factus est,id. J. 96, 1:
Evander, qui multis ante tempestatibus ea tenuerat loca,Liv. 1, 5, 2.—
II Time, with respect to its physical qualities, weather (the predom. and class. signif. of the word).
A Lit., of good as well as of bad weather: tum tonuit laevum bene tempestate serenā, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 39, 82 (Ann. v. 517 Vahl.; cf. infra, in plur.); Varr. ap. Non. 408, 5:
liquida,Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 64; cf.:
liquidissima caeli,Lucr. 4, 169:
nactus idoneam ad navigandum tempestatem,Caes. B. G. 4, 23; cf. Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:
secunda,Tac. Agr. 38:
fuit pridie Quinquatrus egregia tempestas,Cic. Att. 9, 13, 2:
tempestatem praetermittere,id. Fam. 14, 4, 5:
cum tempestas arridet,Lucr. 2, 32; cf. id. 5, 1395:
unde haec tam clara repente Tempestas?Verg. A. 9, 20.—In plur.: tempestates serenae riserunt risu Jovis, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 254 (Ann. v. 445 Vahl.):
dum tempestates assunt,Lucr. 1, 178:
et comites et tempestates et navem idoneam ut habeas, diligenter videbis,Cic. Fam. 16, 1, 2; Cels. 2, 1.—
2 Esp., of bad or stormy weather, a storm, tempest (cf.:
procella, hiemps): turbida tempestas heri fuit,Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 3; so,
turbida,Lucr. 6, 376; Caes. B. C. 2, 22:
saeva,Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 12; Lucr. 6, 458:
perfrigida,Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86:
turbulenta,id. ib. 2, 5, 10, §
26: foeda,Liv. 2, 62; Verg. G. 1, 323:
horrida,Hor. Epod. 13, 1:
demissa ab Euro,id. C. 3, 17, 11:
tempestas venit, Confringit tegulas imbricesque,Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 27:
tanta tempestas cooritur, ut, etc.,Caes. B. C. 1, 48:
tempestas naves adflixit,id. ib. 3, 27:
vis tempestatis,Cic. Rep. 4, 8, 8:
maximo imbri, tempestate, ventis, procellis, etc.,id. Phil. 5, 6, 15:
nautae cum adversā tempestate in alto jactarentur,id. Inv. 2, 31, 95:
si segetibus tempestas nocuerit,id. N. D. 2, 66, 167:
si tempestas a vertice silvis Incubuit,Verg. G. 2, 310:
tempestas sine more furit,id. A. 5, 694.—In plur.:
duo genera esse caelestis injuriae meminisse debemus: unum quod tempestates vocamus, in quibus grandines, procellae, ceteraque similia intelleguntur, etc.,Plin. 18, 28, 69, § 278:
magnis commotis tempestatibus, fluvius ita magnus factus est, ut, etc.,Cic. Inv. 2, 31, 96; Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 86:
etiam summi gubernatores in magnis tempestatibus a vectoribus admoneri solent,Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 27:
ut tempestates saepe certo aliquo caeli signo commoventur,id. Mur. 17, 36:
procellae, tempestates,id. Off. 2, 6, 19; Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 3:
autumni,Verg. G. 1, 311; Caes. B. G. 4, 34. —
3 Personified: Tempestātes, the weather-goddesses, the weather: (Lucius Scipio) CEPIT. CORSICA. ALERIAQVE. VRBE. DEDET TEMPESTATIBVS AIDE MERITO, Inscrr. Scip. in Inscr. Orell. 552; Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 51; Hor. Epod. 10, 24; cf. in sing. Tempestas, Ov. F 6, 193. —
B Trop. (like our storm, tempest, = ), commotion, disturbance; calamity, misfortune:
qui in hac tempestate populi jactemur et fluctibus,Cic. Planc. 4, 11:
comitiorum,id. Mur. 17, 36:
video quanta tempestas invidiae nobis impendeat,id. Cat. 1, 9, 22:
periculi tempestas,id. Sest. 47, 101:
tempestas horribilis Gallici adventus,id. Rep. 2, 6, 11:
quanta per Idaeos tempestas ierit campos,Verg. A. 7, 223:
eā ipsā tempestate eversam esse rem publicam,Cic. Att. 10, 4, 5:
tempestas popularis,id. Sest. 67, 140:
vis illa fuit et ruina quaedam atque tempestas et quidvis potius quam judicium,id. Clu. 35, 96:
communis Siculorum tempestas (i. e. Verres),Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 37, § 91:
haud ignari quanta invidiae immineret tempestas,Liv. 3, 38, 6:
(scurra) Pernicies et tempestates barathrumque macelli,Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 31:
belli,Stat. Th. 3, 229; Sen. Agam. 63.—In plur.:
in his undis et tempestatibus ad summam senectutem maluit jactari quam, etc.,Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1:
immoderatae tempestates,id. N. D. 1, 2, 4:
navis rei publicae fluitans in alto tempestatibus,id. Sest. 20, 46; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2; id. Fam. 9, 6, 4; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 85 al.—
2 A storm, shower, i. e. a throng, multitude, etc.:
querelarum,Cic. Pis. 36, 89:
turbida telorum,Verg. A. 12, 284; Claud. in Ruf. 1, 102.