tĕnĕo — Lewis & Short
tĕnĕo, tĕnŭi, tentum, 2 (
I perf. subj. tetinerim, Pac. ap. Non. 178, 15:
tetinerit,Att. ib. 178, 12:
tetinisse,Pac. ib. 178, 11; fut. perf. tetinero, acc. to Fest. p. 252 Müll. Another collat. form of the perf. tenivi, acc. to Charis. p. 220 P.; Diom. pp. 363 and 369 ib.), v. a. and n. root ten-, tan-; Gr. ta/numai, tei/nw; Sanscr. tanomi, to stretch, spread; this root appears in many derived meanings; cf. Lat.: tendo, tenuis, tener, tenor, tenus.
I Act., to hold, keep, have in the hand, in the mouth, etc.
A Lit.
1 In gen.: Eu. Porrige bracchium, prehende: jam tenes? Cha. Teneo. Eu. Tene, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 42; cf.
argentum,id. Pers. 3, 3, 9:
cum pyxidem teneret in manu,Cic. Cael. 26, 63;
for which: aliquid manu,Quint. 10, 7, 31; Ov. M. 11, 560; id. A. A. 1, 320; Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 34:
aliquid dextrā,Ov. F. 1, 99:
digitis,id. ib. 2, 102; id. M. 9, 86; 9, 522:
lacertis,id. ib. 2, 100 al.:
radicem ore,Cic. Div. 2, 68, 141:
cibum ore,Phaedr. 1, 4, 6;
for which: decoctum diu in ore,Plin. 25, 13, 105, § 166:
aliquem in sinu,Ov. H. 3, 114;
for which: aliquem sinu,id. ib. 13, 157:
flabellulum,Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 50:
facem,Verg. A. 6, 224:
telum,Liv. 2, 19. — Prov.: manu tenere aliquid, to seize, grasp, or comprehend a thing which is palpable or evident: aliter leges, aliter philosophi tollunt astutias: leges, quātenus manu tenere possunt;
philosophi, quātenus ratione et intellegentiā,Cic. Off. 3, 17, 68; cf.:
cum res non conjecturā, sed oculis ac manibus teneretur,id. Clu. 7, 20. —
2 In partic.
a With the accessory idea of possession, to hold, i. e. to be master of, have in one's power, possess, etc. (syn.:
possideo, habeo): multa hereditatibus, multa emptionibus, multa dotibus tenebantur sine injuriā,Cic. Off. 2, 23, 81:
quae tenuit dives Achaemenes,Hor. C. 2, 12, 21:
Evander qui multis ante tempestatibus tenuerat loca,Liv. 1, 5:
provinciam a praedonibus liberam,Cic. Imp. Pomp. 11, 32:
colles praesidiis,Caes. B. C. 3, 43:
Formiarum moenia et Lirim,Hor. C. 3, 17, 8:
tenente Caesare terras,id. ib. 3, 14, 15:
rem publicam,Cic. Mur. 39, 83; id. Sest. 19, 44:
summam imperii,Caes. B. G. 3, 22:
equitum centurias,Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3:
alterum cornu,to command, Nep. Pelop. 4, 3:
provincias aliaque omnia,Sall. C. 39, 2: scenam, to have sole possession of. rule over, Suet. Tit. 7. —
Of the possession of the object of affection: te tenet,Tib. 1, 6, 35; 2, 6, 52; Verg. E. 1, 32; Ov. H. 2, 103 Ruhnk.; 15, 88; id. Am. 3, 7, 3; Phaedr. 2, 2, 4.—In colloq. lang., teneo te, I have you once more, of again seeing the beloved person:
teneone te, Antiphila, maxime animo exoptata meo?Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 27 Ruhnk.; Sen. Ben. 7, 4; Ov. H. 18, 183; cf.:
et comitem Aenean juxta natumque tenebat Ingrediens,Verg. A. 8, 308.—Also like our I have you (fast, bound, etc.):
teneo te, inquam, nam ista Academiae est propria sententia,Cic. Ac. 2, 48, 148; id. Quint. 20, 63.—Absol.: qui tenent (sc. rem publicam), who are in possession of the State, of public affairs:
qui tenent, qui potiuntur,Cic. Att. 7, 12, 3; 2, 18, 1. —
b With the accessory idea of firmness, persistence, to hold fast, occupy; to watch, guard, defend; to maintain, retain a thing:
legio locum non tenuit atque in proximum collem se recepit,Caes. B. C. 1, 44:
montes teneri,id. B. G. 3, 2:
haec noctu firmis praesidiis tenebantur,id. ib. 7, 69:
Capitolia celsa tenebat,Verg. A. 8, 653:
quo teneam Protea nodo?Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 90:
te neque intra Claustra tenebo,id. C. 3, 11, 44; cf.:
in manicis et Compedibus saevo te sub custode tenebo,id. Ep. 1, 16, 77: laqueis (se) sensit teneri ... fugam frustra tentabat;
at illam Lenta tenet radix exsultantemque coërcet,Ov. M. 11, 74 sq.; 1, 535:
Athenae tuae sempiternam in arce oleam tenere potuerunt,Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 2:
agri qui diu aquam tenent,Pall. Apr. 2, 4:
classem ibi tenebat,Liv. 31, 46, 8: secundissimo vento cursum tenere, to hold or keep one's course, Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83; cf.:
vento intermisso cursum non tenuit,Caes. B. G. 5, 8; 4, 28; so,
cursum,Cic. Planc. 21, 52; id. Rep. 1, 2, 3 fin.; Quint. 4, 3, 13:
quo iter,Verg. A. 1, 370; Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 10:
(lunam) fingunt cursus viam sub sole tenere,Lucr. 5, 714:
tenuit tamen vestigia Bucar,Liv. 29, 32, 6.—
c With the accessory idea of reaching the object aimed at, to reach, attain a place:
montes effuso cursu Sabini petebant et pauci tenuere,Liv. 1, 37, 4:
regionem,id. 30, 25, 11:
Tenum,id. 36, 21, 1:
terram,id. 37, 16, 4; 37, 11, 5; 37, 13, 4;
26, 29, 4: Hesperiam,Ov. F. 1, 498:
portus,id. H. 18, 198; Tac. Agr. 38 fin.:
cum quibus (navibus) Cythnum insulam tenuit,id. H. 2, 9.—
d With the accessory idea of movement impeded, to hold fast, hold back, hinder, restrain, detain, check, control, stay, etc.:
naves, quae vento tenebantur,Caes. B. G. 4, 22:
quid hic agatur, scire poteris ex eo, qui litteras attulit, quem diutius tenui, quia, etc.,Cic. Att. 11, 3, 1:
si id te non tenet, advola,id. Fam. 16, 19:
septimum jam diem Corcyrae tenebamur,id. ib. 16, 7 init.:
Marcellum ab gerundis rebus valetudo adversa Nolae tenuit,Liv. 24, 20, 7:
non tenebo te pluribus,Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3; cf. absol.:
ne diutius teneam,Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34: solutum (corpus) tenere, Cels. praef. med.; cf.
ventrem,id. 4, 19 med.:
tene linguam,Ov. F. 2, 602:
pecus omne tenendum,Verg. G. 2, 371:
vix a te videor posse tenere manus,Ov. Am. 1, 4, 10; so,
manus,id. M. 13, 203; cf.:
manum stomachumque teneto,Hor. S. 2, 7, 44:
saeva tene cum Berecyntio Cornu tympana,id. C. 1, 18, 13:
et Phoebi tenuere viam,i. e. impeded, closed up, Luc. 5, 136:
quo me decet usque teneri?Verg. A. 5, 384:
lacrimas,Caes. B. G. 1, 39; so,
lacrimas in morte miserā non tenebamus,Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 172:
dictator exercitum in stativis tenebat,Liv. 6, 14, 1. —
(b) Esp.: se tenere, to keep back, remain, stay:
Sabinus castris sese tenebat,Caes. B. G. 3, 17; 1, 40; Liv. 2, 45, 2:
nullā clade acceptā castris se pavidus tenebat,id. 3, 26, 3:
Hasdrubal procul ab hoste intervallo tenebat se,id. 23, 26, 2:
se domi a conventu remotum tenere,Nep. Dion, 9, 1:
ego tamen teneo ab accusando vix me hercule: sed tamen teneo,restrain myself, refrain, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2:
nec se tenuit, quin, etc.,id. Ac. 2, 4, 12; cf.
mid.: teneri non potui, quin tibi apertius illud idem his litteris declararem,id. Att. 15, 14, 2; Just. 6, 7, 10; cf.:
se intra silentium tenuit,Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 8:
multum me intra silentium tenui,id. ib. 7, 6, 6.—
B Trop.
1 In gen., to hold, contain in the mind, to conceive, comprehend, know (syn.:
percipio, intellego): nunc ego teneo, nunc scio, Quid sit hoc negotii,Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 39: tenes Quorsum haec tendant quae loquor, id. Ps. 1, 2, 81:
tenes, quid dicam?Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 22:
teneo,I understand, id. And. 1, 1, 59:
teneo quid erret,id. 3, 2, 18; Cic. Rep. 1, 23, 37; cf.: quibus capiatur Caesar, tenes, Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 5:
quae a Romanis auguribus ignorantur, a Cilicibus ... Lyciis tenentur,Cic. Div. 1, 15, 25:
quoniam ea, quae tenebatis ipsi, etiam ex me audire voluistis,id. Rep. 1, 46, 70:
alicujus reconditos sensus,id. Sest. 10, 22:
quo pacto cuncta tenerem,Hor. S. 2, 4, 8:
et teneo melius ista,Mart. 4, 37, 7.—With inf.:
nullus frugi esse homo potest, nisi qui et bene facere et male tenet,Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 10; Lucr. 3, 647.—
2 In partic.
a To have possession of, have the mastery of, to control any thing:
cum rem publicam opes paucorum non virtutes tenere coeperunt,Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 51.—
b To hold fast, guard, preserve, uphold, keep, insist (syn. servo):
sin consuetudinem meam, quam in re publicā semper habui, tenuero,Cic. Phil. 1, 11, 27:
ordinem,id. ib. 5, 13, 35:
portum,id. Fam. 1, 9, 21:
statum,id. Rep. 1, 28, 44:
non tenebat ornatum suum civitas,id. ib. 1, 27, 43:
si jus suum populi teneant,id. ib. 1, 32, 48:
nec diutius umquam tenetur idem rei publicae modus,id. ib. 1, 44, 68:
est boni viri, haec duo tenere in amicitiā, etc.,id. Lael. 18, 65:
morem,id. Off. 3, 10, 44; so id. Fl. 7, 15; Verg. A. 3, 408:
foedus,Cic. Balb. 15, 34:
tenebat non modo auctoritatem, sed etiam imperium in suos,id. Sen. 11, 37:
silentium,Liv. 1, 28, 8.—
c To hold fast, maintain, support, defend, uphold, insist:
illud arcte tenent accurateque defendunt, voluptatem esse summum bonum,hold fast, maintain, Cic. Par. 1, 3, 14; cf.:
illud, quod multos annos tenuisset,id. Ac. 2, 22, 71; and:
quod idem Peripatetici non tenent,id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:
propositum tenere,to maintain, Caes. B. C. 3, 42, 1:
suas leges,Cic. Verr. 1, 4, 13:
causam apud centumviros,id. Caecin. 24, 67:
quo causae teste tenentur,Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 43:
locum quendam cum aliquo,Cic. Brut. 21, 81.— With ne:
plebs tenuit, ne consules in proximum annum crearentur,Liv. 4, 30, 16:
ne quid ferretur ad populum, patres tenuere,id. 3, 29, 8; 24, 19, 7. — With ut:
tenuere patres, ut Fabius consul crearetur,Liv. 2, 42, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.:
scripseram tenuisse Varenum ut sibi evocare testes liceret,Plin. Ep. 6, 5, 1.—
d Of memory:
alicujus memoriam cum summā benevolentiā tenere,to recollect, preserve a recollection of, Cic. Fam. 6, 2, 1.—Esp.:
memoriā tenere: memoriā tenetis, compluris in Capitolio res de caelo esse percussas,you remember, Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 19; id. Fam. 1, 9, 12; Caes. B. G. 1, 14; cf.:
memoriā teneo, C. Sulpicium Gallum, etc.,id. Rep. 1, 14, 21; v. memoria; so without memoria, to bear in mind, remember, recollect:
satin' haec meministi et tenes?Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 1:
numeros memini, si verba tenerem,Verg. E. 9, 45:
dicta tenere,Hor. A. P. 336; id. S. 2, 4, 8:
quem (Cyrum) omnia militum tenuisse creditum est nomina,Quint. 11, 2, 50; 11, 2, 45.—
e To reach an object striven after, to gain, acquire, obtain, attain (syn. assequor):
per cursum rectum regnum tenere,Cic. Agr. 2, 17, 44:
Servium Tullium post hunc captivā natum, ingenio virtute regnum tenuisse,Liv. 4, 3, 12:
teneri res aliter non potest,Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:
multa tenuisse,Liv. 42, 11, 8:
causam,Ov. M. 13, 190.—
f To hold, hold back, repress, restrain, bind, fetter, etc. (syn.:
refreno, retineo): iracundiam teneat, avaritiam coërceat,Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:
dolorem,id. Att. 12, 38, 2:
cupiditates,Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 3:
somnum,id. Brut. 80, 278:
risum,id. Vatin. 8, 20; Hor. A. P. 5:
iram,Curt. 4, 2, 5:
ea, quae occurrant, tenere,to hold back, keep to themselves, Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221.—
g Of laws, etc., to bind, hold, obligate, be binding on, control, etc.:
quamquam leges eum non tenent,Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11; cf.:
interdicto non teneri,id. Caecin. 14, 41:
voto quodam et promisso teneri,id. Att. 12, 18, 1:
ut plebi scita omnes Quirites tenerent,Liv. 8, 12, 14; cf.:
olim patricii dicebant se plebi scitis non teneri,Gai. Inst. 1, 3:
cum velut in controverso jure esset, tenerenturne patres plebi scitis, legem tulere, ut quod tributim plebis jussisset, populum teneret,Liv. 3, 55, 3:
teneri alienis foederibus,id. 24, 29, 11: poenā teneri, to be subject or liable to, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 5:
testibus in re perspicuā teneri,to be convicted, id. Caecin. 2, 4; cf.: nemo ita in manifesto peccatu tenebatur, ut, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 191:
caedis teneri,Quint. 5, 14, 11:
teneri repetundarum,Tac. A. 11, 7 fin.:
furti,Dig. 6, 1, 4:
injuriarum,ib. 47, 10, 11:
mandati,ib. 17, 1, 10.—Transf.:
nisi illi ipsi, qui eas (libidines) frangere deberent, cupiditatis ejusdem tenerentur,Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 31 Mos. and Orell. N. cr.—
h Of dispositions, desires, etc., to possess, occupy, control:
quae te tanta pravitas mentis tenuerit, ut, etc.,has had possession of you, Cic. Vatin. 6, 14:
summum me eorum (librorum) studium tenet,id. Att. 1, 11, 3:
magna me spes tenet,id. Tusc. 1, 41, 97:
de triumpho nulla me cupiditas umquam tenuit,id. Att. 7, 2, 6:
si consilio pulso libidines iracundiaeve tenerent omnia,id. Rep. 1, 38, 60:
nisi forte quem inhonesta et perniciosa libido tenet,Sall. J. 3, 4: neque irā neque gratiā teneri, to be controlled or influenced, Cic. N. D. 1, 17, 45; so,
teneri desiderio,id. Sen. 10, 33:
studio philosophiae,id. Ac. 1, 2, 4:
magno amore,Verg. A. 1, 675:
pompā, ludis atque ejusmodi spectaculis teneri,to be enchained, fascinated, Cic. Fin. 5, 18, 48; cf.:
ut oculi picturā teneantur, aures cantibus,id. Ac. 2, 7, 20:
is qui audit, ab oratore jam obsessus est ac tenetur,id. Or. 62, 210.—With ne, Ov. M. 7, 146. —
k To take in, comprise, comprehend, include:
haec magnos formula reges, Excepto sapiente, tenet,Hor. S. 2, 3, 46.—More freq. pass.: teneri aliquā re, to be contained, comprised, grounded, to consist in a thing:
ut homines deorum agnatione et gente teneantur,Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 23:
id quod (genus officiorum) teneatur hominum societate,id. Off. 1, 45, 160:
quae (causae) familiaritate et consuetudine tenentur,id. Fam. 13, 29, 1:
dixi jam antea, ipsam rationem arandi spe magis et jucunditate quadam quam fructu atque emolumento teneri,Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227.
II Neutr. (freq. after the Aug. per.; perh. not in Cic.).
A Lit.
1 To hold a position anywhere, maintain one's self:
quā abscisae rupes erant, statio paucorum armatorum tenebat,Liv. 32, 5, 12:
duo extra ordinem milia tenuere,id. 3, 62, 7:
tenent Danai, quā deficit ignis,Verg. A. 2, 505.—
2 For cursum tenere, to hold or take one's way, to sail, steer in any direction:
Aeneam ... ab Siciliā classe ad Laurentem agrum tenuisse,Liv. 1, 1, 4:
Cassandream petentes, primo ad Mendin tenuere,Liv. 31, 45, 14:
ad Mendaeum,id. 21, 49, 2:
Diam,Ov. M. 3, 690:
Creten,id. ib. 13, 706:
Hesperiam,id. F. 1, 498:
Ausoniam,id. ib. 4, 290 al.:
medio tutissimus ibis ... Inter utrumque tene,Ov. M. 2, 140.—
B Trop., with the accessory idea of continuance (cf. I. A. 2. b. and B. 2. b. supra), to hold out, hold on, last, endure, continue, maintain itself, prevail, etc. (cf. obtineo):
imber per noctem totam tenuit,Liv. 23, 44, 6; cf.:
incendium per duas noctes ac diem unum tenuit,id. 24, 47, 15:
per aliquot dies ea consultatio tenuit,id. 2, 3, 5; 3, 47, 6:
tenet fama, lupam, etc.,id. 1, 4, 6:
quod nunc quoque tenet nomen,id. 1, 17, 6:
fama tenuit, haud plus fuisse modio,id. 23, 12, 2; 21, 46, 10:
tenuit consuetudo, quae cottidie magis invalescit, ut, etc.,Quint. 2, 1, 1 Spald.; so,
consuetudo, ut, etc.,id. 8, 5, 2:
nomen illud tenet,id. 9, 4, 47 Spald.; cf. Ov. M. 1, 712.