LOGOI

The corpus record

ὄνειρος

oneiros · ὁ

dream, a dream, faint and shadowy traces, dreams

Generated live from the audited corpus — every figure on this page is a database query, not prose from memory.

The life of the word — written from the record; every claim drawn from it

ὄνειρος (oneiros, "OH-nay-ross") is the Greek word for a dream, and the record gives it a middling, tellable life: 114 occurrences across 30 works. The Histories holds the most (23); then the Odyssey (15) and the Iliad (8). After the epics come the tragedies, clustered thickly: Agamemnon (6), Iphigenia in Tauris (6), and Libation Bearers (6). The word belongs to those who wake and must interpret.

The lexicon is single and spare. LSJ (Liddell–Scott–Jones, 9th ed., 1940) gives it as masculine [ὁ] and glosses it plainly "a dream," citing Iliad 2.80. But it records two further lives in the same breath. First, the dream is not only had but read: the phrase ὄνειρον ὑποκρίνεσθαι (oneiron hypokrinesthai), "to interpret a dream." Second, the dream is a person — LSJ notes ὄνειρος as a proper name, Dream personified, standing in Iliad 2.6 and following. And in the plural the Greeks gave the dreams a country: δῆμος ὀνείρων (dēmos oneirōn), "the people of dreams," at Odyssey 24.12.

No etymology pointer is matched in the record; the noun's deeper root is a gap this brief cannot honestly fill.

The cited surfaces lean hard on Aeschylus — six passages from the Agamemnon alone, where the word bends through its cases (ὀνείροις, ὀνειράτων, ὀνείρασιν, "in dreams," "of dreams") — with Xenophon's Anabasis and Epictetus's Discourses carrying it into prose. Everywhere it is a thing seen while unseeing, and then argued over.

If a dream in Greek is at once a message, a person, and a nation of its own, which of the three does the word most want to be?

Witnesses: LSJ (Liddell–Scott–Jones, 9th ed., 1940)

Where it lives

Densest 12 of 32 attested works shown, by occurrences per 10,000 attested tokens.

What it meant

ὄνειρος · oneiros — LSJ

dream

dream, Il. 2.80, al. ; ὄνειρον ὑποκρίνεσθαι, v. ὑποκρίνω B. I.2 ; θέρμετε δʼ ὕδωρ, ὡς ἂν θεῖον ὄ. ἀποκλύσω Ar. Ra. 1340.

2 dream

as pr. n. dream personified, Il. 2.6 sqq. : also in pl., δῆμος ὀνείρων Od. 24.12, cf. Hes. Th. 212.

3 a dream, faint and shadowy traces, dreams

in similes or metaphors, of anything unreal or fleeting, σκιῇ εἴκελον ἢ καὶ ὀ. Od. 11.207, cf. 222 ; τοῦ ποτε μεμνήσεσθαι ὀΐομαι ἔν περ ὀ. if only in a dream, 19.581 ; σμικρὰ ὀνείρατα λέλειπται faint and shadowy traces, Pl. Lg. 695c ; ὄνειρα ἀφένοιο dreams of wealth, AP l.c. (Cf. ὄνοιρος.)

In the wild

6 of 117 attestations shown. Ask for more.

Where it came from

No etymology authority pointer is recorded for this lemma yet — an honest gap, not an omission. The etymological dictionaries (Beekes, Chantraine, Frisk) are matched incrementally.

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