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ὅπλον

oplon

implement, tool, instrument, marine instruments

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Where it lives

Densest 12 of 118 attested works shown, by occurrences per 10,000 attested tokens.

What it meant

1. ὅπλον · hoplon — Beekes

ὅπλον [n.] ‘implement, tool, instrument, marine instruments’, notably ‘tackle, (heavy) weapons’ (II.). 41Ὲ *sep- ‘care, prepare’, *sop-lo® ‘instrument’> «ΑΚ Mostly ὅπλα [pl]. *COMP ὁπλο-μάχ-ος ‘who fights with heavy weapons’, -éw, -ia (Att.). ἔν-οπλος ‘under arms, armed’ (Tyrt., 5., E.), enlarged ἐν-όπλιος ‘id.’, also substantivized (scil. ῥυθμός) as the name of a military rhythm (Pi.); on » ὑπέροπλος, see s.v. DER … — [Beekes, s.v. ὅπλον, p. 1143]

2. ὅπλον · hoplon — Chantraine

ὅπλον : n., surtout au pluriel ὅπλα « instruments » en général, d’où s«agrès», cordages d’un navire (Od., Hdt., etc.), «outils» surtout ceux du forgeron, de l’orfèvre (Hom.), «armes» et «armures» du guerrier, emploi assez rare dans 1᾽1|., notamment pour l’armure d'Achille, cf. encore Pi, N. 8,27, IG 1", 1,9 (pour ὅπλα chez Hom., voir Trümpy, Fachausdrücke 81 sq.) ; au sing. chez Hdt. 4,23, PI. Rép. 474 a, etc. ; … — [Chantraine, s.v. ὅπλον, p. 826]

3. ὅπλον · hoplon — Chantraine

ὅπλον 1,311 et 351; à moins que l'anthroponyme mycénien oporomeno, si on le lit ὁπλόμενος, ne garantisse ὅπλεσθαι. La diversité des emplois homériques, notamment ceux de ὁπλέω au sens de « préparer des mets », montre qu'il s’agit d’un radical de sens très général dont la signification s’est spécialisée dans la marine et surtout dans l’armée. Le grec moderne ἃ gardé ὅπλον « arme, fusil », ὁπλίτης « homme de troupe », … — [Chantraine, s.v. ὅπλον, p. 827]

4. ὅπλον · hoplon — Frisk

ὅπλον, meist pl. ὅπλα τι. ‘Gerät(e), Werkzeug, Schiffsgeräte, bes. Takelwerk, (schwere) Waffe(n)’ (seit Il.). Kompp., z.B. ὅπλομάχ-ος “der mit schweren Waffen kämpft’, -&w, -ia (att. usw.), &v-onioc “unter den Waffen, gewappnet’ (Tyrt., S., E. u.a.), mit 10-Erweiterung ἐν-όπλειος 'ds.’, auch subst. (sc. ῥυϑμός) als Bez. einer kriegerischen Taktart (Pi. usw.); zu ὑπέρ-οπλος 8. bes. — Ableitungen: 1. Demin. ὁπλάριον … — [Frisk, s.v. ὅπλον, p. 1376]

5. ὅπλον · hoplon — LSJ

tool, implement

tool, implement, mostly in pl., like ἔντεα, τεύχεα: (prob. from ἕπω A):

I tackle, tackling, ropes, halyards, rope, any ropes

a shipʼs tackle, tackling, Hom. (only in Od.), 2.390, al., Hes. Op. 627 ; esp. ropes, halyards, etc., δησάμενοι δʼ ἄρα ὅπλα Od. 2.430, etc.; in which sense Hom. twice uses the sg., rope, 14.346, 21.390: generally, any ropes, Hdt. 7.25, 9.115, Hp. Art. 78.

II tools, smiths’ tools

tools, strictly so called, in Hom. esp. of smiths’ tools, Il. 18.409, 412 ; in full, ὅπλα χαλκήϊα Od. 3.433 : in sg., ὅπλον ἀρούρης sickle, AP 6.95 (Antiphil.) ; ὅπλον γεροντικόν staff, Call. Epigr. 1.7 ; δείπνων ὅπλον ἑτοιμότατον, of the wine-flask, AP 6.248 (Marc. Arg.).

III implements of war, arms, armour, arms, weapon, piece of armour

in pl., also, implements of war, arms and armour, Hom. (only in Il.), αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πάνθʼ ὅπλα κάμε, of the arms of Achilles, 18.614, cf. 19.21 ; ὅπλοισιν ἔνι δεινοῖσιν ἐδύτην 10.254, 272 ; so in Pi. N. 8.27, IG 1(2).1.9, E. Hec. 14, etc.: rarely in sg., weapon, οὐδέ τι ἀρήϊον ὅπλον ἐκτέαται Hdt. 4.23, cf. 174, E. HF 161, 570, 942, Pl. R. 474a, X. Cyr. 7.4.15 ; ποτὶ πονηρὸν οὐκ ἄχρηστον ὅπλον ἁ πονηρία [Epich.]275 ; piece of armour, D.S. 3.49.

2 the large shield

the large shield, from which the men-at-arms took their name of ὁπλῖται (εἰκόνα γραπτὴν ἐν ὅπλῳ IG 2(2).1012.18 (ii B. C.), cf. IGRom. 4.1302.35 (Cyme, i B. C./i A. D.), Th. 7.75, D.S. 15.44, 17.18); ὅπλον στύππινον IG ΙΙ(2).203 B 99 (Delos, iii B. C.) : metaph., τῆς πενίας ὅπλον ἡ παρρησία Nicostr.Com. 29; ὅ. μέγιστον . . ἁρετὴ βροτοῖς Men. Mon. 433, cf. 619.

3 heavy arms

in pl., also, heavy arms, Hdt. 9.53 ; ὅπλων ἐπιστάτης, = ὁπλίτης, opp. κώπης ἄναξ, A. Pers. 379 ; ὁ πόλεμος οὐχ ὅπλων τὸ πλέον ἀλλὰ δαπάνης Th. 1.83 ; ὅπλα παραδοῦναι Id. 4.69 ; ὅπλα ἀποβάλλειν Ar. V. 27, etc.

4 men-at-arms, of the men-at-arms

ὅπλα, = ὁπλῖται, men-at-arms, πολλῶν μεθʼ ὅπλων S. Ant. 115 (lyr.): and freq. in Prose, ἐξέτασιν ὅπλων ποιεῖσθαι to have a muster of the men-at-arms, Th. 4.74, etc.; ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν ὅπλων στρατηγός, opp. ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς διοικήσεως, Decr. ap. D. 18.38, Decr.ib. 115 ; χειροτονηθεὶς ἐπὶ τὰ ὅ. πρῶτος . . στρατηγός IG 2(2).682.44 (iii B. C.); στρατηγεῖν ἐπὶ τὰ ὅ. SIG 697 E (Delph., ii B. C.), etc.

5 the place of arms, camp

τὰ ὅ. the place of arms, camp, ἦλθεν εἰς τὰ ὅ. Lys. 13.12, cf. X. Cyr. 7.2.5, etc.; ἐκ τῶν ὅ. προϊέναι Th. 1.111, cf. 3.1.

6 in arms, under arms

Phrases : ἐνέδυνον (v.l. ἐνέδυντο) τὰ ὅ. Hdt. 7.218, etc.; ἐν ὅπλοισι εἶναι or γενέσθαι to be in arms, under arms, Id. 1.13, cf. E. Ba. 303, Th. 6.56 ; ἐν ὄπλοισι [ἰππομ]άχεντας Sapph. Supp. 5.19 ; ἐν ὅπλοις μάχεσθαι Pl. Grg. 456d ; ἡ ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις μάχη Id. Lg. 833e ; ποιῆσαι ἐξέτασιν ἐν ὅπλοις Decr. ap. Arist. Ath. 31.2 ; εἰς τὰ ὅ. παραγγέλλειν X. An. 1.5.13 ; ἐφʼ ὅπλοις or παρʼ ὅπλοις ἧσθαι, E. Supp. 674, 357 ; μένειν ἐπὶ τοῖς ὅπλοις X. Cyr. 7.2.8 ; for ὅπλα ῥίπτειν, ἀφιέναι, κατατίθεσθαι, v.

IV the arms

of the arms possessed by animals for self-defence, [τὸν ἄνθρωπον] οὐκ ἔχοντα ὅπλον πρὸς τὴν ἀλκήν Arist. PA 687a25, cf. b4, al.

V membrum virile

membrum virile, Nic. Fr. 74.30, APl. 16.242 (Eryc.), Hsch.

VI a gymnastic exercise

a gymnastic exercise, the last which came on in the games, Artem. 1.63.

In the wild

6 of 831 attestations shown. Ask for more.

Where it came from

  • Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill 2010) Treated in Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill 2010) s.v. ὅπλον (scan p. 1143; entry #4607). Root candidates: *sep-.
  • Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque Treated in Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque s.v. ὅπλον (scan p. 826; entry #5979).
  • Frisk, Griechisches etymologisches Worterbuch Treated in Frisk, Griechisches etymologisches Worterbuch s.v. ὅπλον (scan pp. 1376-1377; entry #4299).

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