ὀπός

juice, distd. from χυλός, χυμός, in that ὀπός is prop. vegetable juice, the milky juice which is drawn from a plant by tapping it, ὀπὸν . . στάζοντα τομῆς . . κάδοις δέχεται S. Fr. 534 (anap.), cf. Thphr. HP 9.8.1, etc. ; esp. the acid juice of the fig-tree, used as rennet (τάμισος) for curdling milk, Il. 5.902, Emp. 33, Hp. Morb. 4.52, Menestor ap. Thphr. HP 1.2.3, Arist. Mete. 384a21, 389b10, GA 737a14 ; generally, acid juice, Pl. Ti. 60b ; βλέπειν ὀπόν Ar. Pax 1184 : in pl., Antiph. 88.4, cj.

metaph., ὀπὸς ἥβης the juicy freshness of youth, opp. ῥυτίς, AP 5.257 (Paul.Sil.).

ὀποῦ καρπός, = σιλφίου σπέρμα, Hp. ap. Gal. 19.126 ; and so prob. in Ar. Ec. 404, Pl. 719 ; but ὀπὸς σιλφίου silphium juice, Hp. Acut. 23, cf. 37, Acut. (Sp.) 18 [? was 48], Thphr. HP 6.3.2 ; so ὀπός alone, Gal. 12.90.

gravy, Ath. 9.402c. (Perh. cf. Lith. sakaĩ (pl.) ‘resin’, Slav. sokǔ ‘sap’.)

ADV. OF MANNER, Relat. as, in such manner as, and with interrog. force how, in what manner, rarely indef., v. infr. A. V.

FINAL CONJUNCTION, in such a manner that, in order that.

ADV. OF MANNER, how, as:

Relat. to ὥς or οὕτως (like ὡς), in such manner as, as:

with the ordinary Constr. of the Relat.:

with ind., ἦ τοι νόστον, ὅπως φρεσὶ σῇσι μενοινᾷς, ὥς τοι Ζεὺς τελέσειεν Od. 15.111 ; οὕτως ὅ . . . S. Tr. 330 ; ὧδʼ ὅ. Id. El. 1301 ; οὕτως ὅ. δύνανται Th. 7.67: sts. an analogous word replaces the antec. Adv., με τοῖον ἔθηκεν, ὅπως (for οἷον) ἐθέλει Od. 16.208 : freq. without any antec. expressed, ἔλθοι ὅ . . . ἐθέλω (sc. αὐτὸν ἐλθεῖν) 14.172 ; ἔρξον ὅ. ἐθέλεις Il. 4.37, Od. 13.145 ; χρῶ ὅ. βούλει X. Cyr. 8.3.46; ποίει ὅ. ἄριστόν σοι δοκεῖ εἶναι ib. 4.5.50 ; ὅ. ἔχω as I am, on the spot, S. Ph.

with fut. ind., esp. after Verbs of seeing, providing, taking care . . , in the manner in which, how, that, οἱ Περσικοὶ νόμοι ἐπιμέλονται ὅπως μὴ τοιοῦτοι ἔσονται οἱ πολῖται X. Cyr. 1.2.3; ποιέειν ὅκως μηκέτι κεῖνος ἐς Ἕλληνας ἀπίξεται Hdt. 5.23 ; ἐφρόντιζον ὅκως μὴ λείψομαι τῶν πρότερον γενομένων Id. 7.8.α, cf. Pl. Ap. 29e ; ἔπρασσον ὅπως τις βοήθεια ἥξει Th. 3.4 ; τοῦτο μηχανᾶσθαι ὅπως ἀποφεύξεται πᾶν ποιῶν θάνατον Pl. Ap. 39a ; τούτου στοχαζόμενοι, ὅπως . . ἔσονται Id. Grg. 502e (cf. infr. II

with ἄν (Ep. κε) and subj. in indefinite sentences, in whatever way, just as, however, ὅππως κεν ἐθέλῃσιν Il. 20.243 (but ὅπως ἐθέλῃσιν (without κε) Od. 1.349, 6.189) ; οὕτως ὅκως ἂν καὶ δυνώμεθα Hdt. 8.143 ; οὕτως ὅπως ἂν αὐτοὶ βούλωνται X. Cyr. 1.1.2, cf. IG 2(2).1.13 (v B. C.), Pl. Phd. 116a, Smp. 174b, etc.

with opt. after historical tenses, οὕτως ὅ. τύχοιεν Th. 8.95 ; ὅ. βούλοιντο X. HG 2.3.13 ; in a gnomic statement, εἰκῇ κράτιστον ζῆν ὅ. δύναιτό τις S. OT 979 : when ἄν appears with the opt., it belongs to the Verb and not to ὅπως, ὅ. ἄν τις ὀνομάσαι τοῦτο however one might think fit to call it, D. 13.4.

a very common phrase is οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. (οὐκ ἔσθʼ ὅπως) there is no way in which . . , it cannot be that, οὐκ ἔστι ὅκως κοτὲ σοὺς δέξονται λόγους Hdt. 7.102, cf. Ar. Pl. 18, D. 18.208, al.; so οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. οὐ, fieri non potest quin, οὐκ ἔσθʼ ὅ. οὐ πιστὸν ἐξ ὑμῶν πτερὸν ἐξήγαγʼ S. OC 97, cf. Ar. Ach. 116, Eq. 426, Th. 882, Pl. Ap. 27e ; οὐδαμῶς ὅ. οὐ, in answer, it must positively be so, Id. Tht. 160d ; so also οὐκ ἂν γένοιτο τοῦθʼ ὅ . . . οὐ φανῶ S. OT 1058 ; οὐ γὰρ γένοιτʼ ἄν, ταῦθʼ ὅ. οὐχ ὧδʼ ἔχε

in Trag., etc., like ὡς in comparisons, κῦμʼ ὅπως A. Pr. 1001 ; γῄτης ὅπως S. Tr. 32, cf. 442, 683 ; ὅπως δρῦν ὑλοτόμοι σχίζουσι κάρα Id. El. 98 (anap.) ; ὅπως ἁ πάνδυρτος ἀηδών ib. 1076 (lyr.), cf. Ph. 777, E. Andr. 1140 ; ὅκως τις καλλίης κάτω κύπτων Herod. 3.41 ; so in Locr. Prose, ὅπω(ς) ξένον IG 9(1).334.2 (V B.C.).

like ὡς or ὅτι, with Sup. of Advs., ὅ. ἄριστα A. Ag. 600, IG 1(2).44.8, etc.; ὅ. ἀνωτάτω as high up as possible, Ar. Pax 207 ; in full, οὕτως ὅ. ἥδιστα (sc. ἔχει) S. Tr. 330.

with a gen. added, σοῦσθε ὅ. ποδῶν run as you are off for feet, i. e. as quick as you can, A. Supp. 837 (lyr., where however <ἔχετε> shd. prob. be added); v. infr. III.10, ἔχω (A) B. II.2b.

sts. of Time, when, Τρῶες . . ὅπως ἴδον αἷμʼ Ὀδυσῆος . . , ἐπʼ αὐτῷ πάντες ἔβησαν Il. 11.459, cf. 12.208, Od. 3.373: freq. in Hdt. with opt., whenever, ὅκως μὲν εἴη ἐν τῇ γῇ καρπὸς ἁδρός 1.17, cf. 68, 100, 162, 186, 2.13, 174, al.: in Trag. and Com., A. Pers. 198, S. El. 749, Tr. 765, Ar. Nu. 60 : with Sup. of Advs., ὅ. πρῶτα as soon as, Hes. Th. 156 ; ὅ. ὤκιστα Thgn. 427 ; ὅ. τάχιστα A. Pr. 230.

of Place, where, dub. in Herod. 3.75.

ὅπως is sts. used to introduce the substance of a statement, after Verbs of saying, thinking, or perceiving, that, how, λόγῳ ἀνάπεισον ὅκως . . Hdt. 1.37 ; οὐδὲ φήσω ὅκως . . Id. 2.49, cf. 3.115, 116 ; τοῦτʼ αὐτὸ μή μοι φράζʼ, ὅπως οὐκ εἶ κακός S. OT 548, cf. Ant. 223, Pl. Euthd. 296e ; after ἐλπίζειν, S. El. 963, E. Heracl. 1051 ; after Verbs of emotion, ἐμοὶ δʼ ἄχος . . , ὅπως δὴ δηρὸν ἀποίχεται grief is mine, when I think how . . (i.e. that . .), Od. 4.109, cf. S. Ph. 169 (lyr.); after θαυμάζ

οὐχ ὅ . . . ἀλλὰ or ἀλλὰ καὶ . . is not only not . . but . . , and is expld. by an ellipsis of λέγω or ἐρῶ (cf. ὅτι IV), οὐχ ὅ. κωλυταὶ . . γενήσεσθε, ἀλλὰ καὶ . . δύναμιν προσλαβεῖν περιόψεσθε not only will you not become . . , but you will also . . , Th. 1.35, cf. X. HG 5.4.34, D. 6.9 ; οὐχ ὅ. ὑμῖν τῶν αὑτοῦ τι ἐπέδωκεν, ἀλλὰ τῶν ὑμετέρων πολλὰ ὑφῄρηται Lys. 30.26 ; οὐχ ὅ. τούτων χάριν ἀπέδοσαν, ἀλλʼ ἀπολιπόντες ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Λακεδαιμονίων συμμαχίαν εἰσῆλθον Isoc. 14.27, cf. D. 18.131, 53.13 ;

οὐχ ὅ. rarely follows another clause, to say nothing of . . , let alone . . , πεπαύμεθʼ ἡμεῖς, οὐχ ὅ. σε παύσομεν S. El. 796 ; μηδʼ ἐμπίδα, οὐχ ὅπως ταῦρον ἔτι ἄρασθαι δυνάμενος . . let alone a bull, Luc. Cont. 8, cf. Prom. 8, Pr.Im. 7, Pisc. 31.

in indirect questions, how, in what way or manner:

with ind.,

ἔσπετε νῦν μοι ὅππως δὴ . . πῦρ ἔμπεσε νηυσίν Il. 16.113 ; εἴπʼ ἄγε μʼ . . ὅππως τούσδʼ ἵππους λάβετον 10.545 ; εὖ μοι κατάλεξον ὅπως ἤντησας Od. 3.97 ; ὅπως ἠφανίσθη οὐδὲ λόγῳ εἰκότι δύνανται ἀποφαίνειν Antipho 5.26 ; Ἀλκιβιάδης ἀνήχθη . . ἐπὶ κατασκοπὴν . . τοῦ οἴκαδε κατάπλου ὅπως ἡ πόλις πρὸς αὐτὸν ἔχοι X. HG 1.4.11 ; οὐδέ τί πω σάφα ἴδμεν ὅπως ἔσται τάδε ἔργα Il. 2.252, etc.

notably fut. after Verbs of deliberation (like the subj., v. infr. 2), φραζώμεθʼ ὅπως ἔσται τάδε ἔργα 4.14 ; φράζευ ὅπως Δαναοῖσιν ἀλεξήσεις κακὸν ἦμαρ (v.l. ἀλεξήσῃς) 9.251, cf. Od. 13.376, 386, 19.557, 20.29, 39.

with deliberative subj. after Verbs of deliberation, taking care, and the like, λεύσσει ὅπως ὄχʼ ἄριστα . . γένηται Il. 3.110 ; ἐνόησεν (gnomic aor.) ὅππως κέρδος ἔῃ 10.225 ; ἀλλʼ ἄγεθʼ ἡμεῖς οἵδε περιφραζώμεθα πάντες νόστον ὅπως ἔλθῃσι Od. 1.77, cf. 13.365 ; οὐκ οἶδʼ ὅπως . . φῶ S. OT 1367, cf. Aj. 428, Lys. 8.5, Pl. Men. 91d ; ἐπιμελητέον ὅπως τρέφωνται οἱ ἵπποι X. Eq.Mag. 1.3, cf. Oec. 7.36, 37, 9.14, 15.1, Pl. Grg. 515c.—Sts. the fut. and subj. are conjoined without difference of meaning, ἐπ

with opt. after tenses of past time, τῶν ἀδῄλων ὅπως ἀποβήσοιτο ib. 1.3.2, etc.: after Verbs of deliberation, being virtually orat. obliq., μερμήριξε . . Ἥρη ὅπως ἐξαπάφοιτο (orat. rect. πῶς ἐξαπάφωμαι;) Il. 14.160 ; μερμήριζεν ὅπως ἀπολοίατο πᾶσαι νῆες Od. 9.554, cf. 420 ; οὐ γὰρ εἴχομεν . . ὅπως δρῶντες καλῶς πράξαιμεν S. Ant. 271 ; ἐπεμελήθημεν ὅπως ἐξαλειφθείη αὐτῷ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα Lys. 6.39, cf. 13.32, X. Cyr. 6.2.11.

with opt. and ἄν freq. expressing a wish, which in orat. rect. would be expressed by πῶς ἄν, σκόπει ὅ. ἂν ἀποθάνοιμεν ἀνδρικώτατα Ar. Eq. 81 (v.l. ἀποθάνωμεν), cf. Nu. 760 ; βουλευόμενοι ὅ. ἂν τὴν ἡγεμονίαν λάβοιεν τῆς Ἑλλάδος X. HG 7.1.33, cf. Cyr. 2.1.4 ; τῶν ἄλλων ἐπιμελεῖται ὅ. ἂν θηρῷεν (v.l. -ῶσιν) ib. 1.2.10: the opt. with ἄν and subj. sts. appear in consecutive clauses, Id. HG 3.2.1.

ὅπως ἄν (κεν) with the subj. is used after imper. or inf. used as imper., πείρα ὅπως κεν δὴ σὴν πατρίδα γαῖαν ἵκηαι Od. 4.545; φράζεσθαι . . , ὅππως κε μνηστῆρας . . κτείνῃς 1.295; σκοπεῖτε . . , ὅ. ἂν ὑμῖν πρᾶγος εὖ νικᾷ τόδε A. Supp. 233, etc.; φύλασσε . . ἔπειθʼ ὅ. ἂν . . ἡ χάρις . . ἐξ ἁπλῆς διπλῆ φανῇ S. Tr. 618, cf. E. IA 539 : in Prose, ἐπιμεληθῆναι ὅ. ἂν . . X. Cyr. 8.3.6, cf. Pl. Prt. 326a; μηχανᾶσθαι Id. Phdr. 239b, Grg. 481a, cf. Ar. Eq. 917.

rarely c. inf., ἐπιμελήθητε προθύμως ὅπως διπλάσια . . σῖτα καὶ ποτὰ παρασκευασθῆναι X. Cyr. 4.2.37 (v.l. -εσκευασμένα ᾖ), cf. Oec. 7.29, HG 6.2.32; so later ὅπως παρακολουθῆμεν (Dor. inf.) Supp.Epigr. 1.170.18 (cf. p.138, Delph., ii B. C.); ὅπως . . ἔχειν, ὅπως . . εἴργεσθαι, D.S. 20.4, 85; ὅπως πέμπιν PTeb. 315.30 (ii A. D.).

after Verbs of fear and caution, ὅπως and ὅπως μή are used with fut. ind. or aor. subj. :— the readings are freq. uncertain : the following (among others) are made certain either by the metre or the form,

with fut. ind., δέδοιχʼ ὅπως μὴ τεύξομαι Ar. Eq. 112 ; παντὶ λόγῳ ἀντιτείνετε εὐλαβούμενοι ὅπως μὴ . . οἰχήσομαι Pl. Phd. 91c ; φόβος . . ἔστιν . . ὅπως μὴ αὖθις διασχισθησόμεθα Id. Smp. 193a : sts. the preceding Verb is omitted, ὅπως μὴ οὐκ . . ἔσομαι Id. Men. 77a.

with aor. subj., τὴν θεὸν δʼ ὅ. λάθω δέδοικα E. IT 995; φυλάττου, ὅ. μὴ εἰς τοὐναντίον ἔλθῃς X. Mem. 3.6.16 : rarely with pres., οὐ φοβεῖ ὅ. μὴ ἀνόσιον πρᾶγμα τυγχάνῃς πράττων Pl. Euthphr. 4e : sts. the preceding Verb is omitted, with aor. subj., ὅκως μή τι ὑμῖν πανώλεθρον κακὸν ἐς τὴν χώρην ἐσβάλωσι Hdt. 6.85 : with pres. subj., ὅπως μὴ . . ᾖ τοῦτο Pl. Cra. 430d.

with opt. representing subj. after a historical tense, X. Mem. 2.9.3.

this Constr. is used in admonitions or commands: in the orig. Constr. a Verb implying caution or circumspection precedes, ὅρα ὅκως μή σευ ἀποστήσονται Πέρσαι Hdt. 3.36 ; ἄθρει . . ὅπως μὴ ἐκδύσεται Ar. V. 141; τηρώμεσθʼ ὅπως μὴ . . αἰσθήσεται ib. 372 : but this came to be omitted, and ὅπως or ὅπως μή with fut. ind. or aor. subj. are exactly = the imper., ἔμβα χὤπως ἀρεῖς Id. Ra. 378 (lyr.) : most freq. with fut. ind., ὅκως λόγον δώσεις τῶν μετεχείρισας χρημάτων, = δίδου λόγον, Hdt. 3.142 ; ὅπως

as the echo to a preceding πῶς; in dialogue, A καὶ πῶς; B ὅπως; [do you ask] how? Ar. Eq. 128; A πῶς με χρὴ καλεῖν; B ὅπως; Id. Nu. 677, cf. Pl. 139.

with a gen. (v. supr. I.6), οὐκ οἶδα παιδείας ὅπως ἔχει καὶ δικαιοσύνης in the matter of . . , Pl. Grg. 470e, cf. R. 389c.

in direct questions, how? ἔπραξας ὅπως; Jul. Ep. 82p.106B.-C.; cf. ὅστις.

indef., anyhow, τὸ οὐδʼ ὅ. the expression ‘not at all’, Pl. Tht. 183b (v.l. οὐδʼ οὕτως).

FINAL CONJUNCTION, that, in order that, the original notion of modality being merged in that of purpose or design, cf. ἵνα, with which it is sts. interchanged, Antipho 1.23 and 24, And. 3.14, Lycurg. 119 sq.:—in early Att. Inscrr. only ὅπως ἄν is used, IG 1(2).39.19, al. ; ὅπως without ἄν only once in cent. iv B. C., ib. 2(2).226.42 (343 B.C.), after which it becomes gradually prevalent:

with subj.,

after primary tenses, or after subj. or imper., τὸν δὲ μνηστῆρες . . λοχῶσιν, ὅπως ἀπὸ φῦλον ὄληται Od. 14.181, cf. A. Ch. 873, S. Ph. 238, El. 457, X. Mem. 2.10.2, etc.

after historical tenses (v. ἵνα B. I.1b), when there is no pf. form, or when the aor. represents the pf., ξυνελέγημεν ἐνθάδε, ὅ. προμελετήσωμεν we were convened, i. e. we have met in assembly, Ar. Ec. 117 ; παρήλθομεν . . , ὅπως μὴ χεῖρον βουλεύσησθε Th. 1.73 ; also when the occurrence purposed is regarded from the point of view of the person purposing, ἦλθον πρεσβευσόμενοι, ὅπως μὴ σφίσι . . τὸ αὐτῶν [ναυτικὸν] ἐμπόδιον γένηται ib. 31, cf. 57, 65, etc.: sts. the opt. and subj. appear in consecu

with opt. after historical tenses, πὰρ δέ οἱ αὐτὸς ἔστη, ὅπως . . κῆρας ἀλάλκοι Il. 21.548 ; more freq. in Od., as 13.319, 14.312, 18.160, 22.472; so in S. OT 1005, OC 1305, X. Cyr. 1.4.25, Pl. Ti. 77e, etc.: after historical pres., πέμπει τούσδʼ ὅπως κτείνοιεν A. Pers. 450 ; ἡγεμόνα πέμπει ὅπως ἄγοι X. An. 4.7.19 : after opt., ἔλθοι . . ὅ. γένοιτο A. Eu. 297, cf. S. Aj. 1221 (lyr.).

with ind.,

of historical tenses, where the principal clause expresses an action or obligation unfulfilled, εἴθʼ εἶχε φωνὴν ἔμφρονʼ ἀγγέλου δίκην, ὅ. δίφροντις οὖσα μὴ ʼκινυσσόμην A. Ch. 196, cf. S. El. 1134: rare in Prose, ἐδεξάμην ἃν . . φράσαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς . . , ὅ . . . προῄδετε And. 2.21 ; τίς οὐκ ἂν . . ταῦτα ἐδήλωσεν, ὅ . . . ταῦτα ἠλέγχθη; D. 36.20; οὐκοῦν ἐχρῆν σε Πηγάσου ζεῦξαι πτερόν, ὅ. ἐφαίνου τοῖς θεοῖς τραγικώτερος Ar. Pax 135; τί . . οὐκ ἔρριψʼ ἐμαυτὴν . . ὅ. ἀπηλλάγην; A. Pr. 749.

of fut., θέλγει, ὅ. Ἰθάκης ἐπιλήσεται (= φραζομένη ὅπως ἐ.) Od. 1.57, cf. Il. 1.136 ; [χρὴ] ἀναβιβάζειν ἐπὶ τὸν τροχὸν τοὺς ἀπογραφέντας, ὅ. μὴ πρότερον νὺξ ἔσται And. 1.43 ; ἐμισθώσατο τοῦτον . . , ὅ. συνερεῖ D. 19.316 : sts. fut. ind. and aor. subj. are conjoined, σιγᾶθʼ, ὅ. μὴ πεύσεταί τις, ὦ τέκνα, γλώσσης χάριν δὲ πάντʼ ἀπαγγείλῃ τάδε A. Ch. 265.

ὅπως c. subj. is sts. used after Verbs of will and endeavour, instead of the inf., λίσσεσθαι . . ὅ. νημερτέα εἴπῃ Od. 3.19 ; αἰτεῖσθαι ὅ. μὴ καταψηφίσησθε Antipho 1.12 ; δεήσεται . . , ὅ. δίκην μὴ δῷ ib. 23 ; ὅ. μὴ ἀποθάνῃ ἠντεβόλει Lys. 1.29 ; παρακελεύεσθε ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς ὅ . . . ἐξίητε Lycurg. 127 (ἔξιτε Rehdantz): with ἄν, δεῖταί μου σφόδρα ὅπως ἂν οἰκουρῇ Ar. Ach. 1060, cf. Hdt. 2.126, 3.44 ; διεκελεύετο ὅπως ἂν . . ἐγγράφωσί με Is. 7.27; so δεῖ σʼ ὅ. δείξεις (for δεῖξαι), S. Aj. 556, may be ex