nānā

adverb variously differently.

1. (abs.) AN.i.138 (on different sides, viz right ↔ left). Snp.878 (= na ekaṁ Snp-a.554 = vividhaṁ aññoññaṁ puthu na ekaṁ Mnd.285), Snp.884 sq.
2. more frequently in compounds, as first part of adj. or n. where it may be trsl^d as “different, divers, all kinds of” etc Before a double cons. the final ā is shortened: nānagga (for nānā + agga), nānappakāra etc. see below.

• -agga (-rasa) all the choicest delicacies Ja.i.266 (˚bhojana, of food); Ja.vi.366; Pv-a.155 (˚dibbabhojana)
• -ādhimuttikatā diversity of dispositions DN-a.i.44 Ne.98;
• -āvudhā (pl.) various weapons Ja.i.150;
• -karaṇa difference, diversity Vin.i.339 (sangha˚); MN.ii.128 cp. Divy.222;
• -gotta of all kinds of descent Pv.ii.9#16
• -citta of varying mind Ja.i.295 (itthiyo);
• -jana all kinds of folk Snp.1102; Mnd.308 (puthu˚);
• -titthiya of var. sects DN.iii.16 sq.;
• -pakkāra various, manifold Ja.i.52 (sakuṇā), Ja.i.127, Ja.i.278 (phalāni); DN-a.i.148 (āvudhā); Pv-a.50, Pv-a.123 Pv-a.135;
• -ratta multi-coloured Snp.287; Ja.vi.230;
• -rasā (pl. all kinds of dainties Pv.ii.9#11;
• -vāda difference of opinion DN.i.236;
• -vidha divers, various, motley Pv-a.53, Pv-a.96 Pv-a.113, and passim;
• -saṃvāsaka living in a different part or living apart Vin.i.134 sq. (opp. samāna˚), Vin.i.321; Vin.ii.162. Nabhi & Nabhi

Ved. nānā, a redupl. nā (emphatic particle, see na¹) “so and so,” i.e. various, of all kinds

neuter knowledge, intelligence insight, conviction, recognition, opp. añāṇa avijjā, lack of k. or ignorance.

1. Ñāṇa in the theory of cognition:
   it occurs in intensive couple-compounds with terms of sight as cakkhu (eye) & dassana (sight, view) e.g. in cakkhu-karaṇa ñāṇa-karaṇa “opening our eyes & thus producing knowledge” i.e. giving us the eye of knowledge (a mental eye) ‣See cakkhu, jānāti passati & compound ˚karaṇa: Bhagavā jānaṁ jānāti passaṁ passati cakkhu-bhūto ñāṇa-bhūto (= he is one perfected in knowledge) MN.i.111 = Cnd.235^3h; natthi hetu natthi paccayo ñāṇāya dassanāya ahetu apaccayo ñāṇaṁ dassanaṁ hoti “through seeing & knowing,” i.e. on grounds of definite knowledge arises the sure conviction that where there is no cause there is no consequence SN.v.126 cp. also the relation of diṭṭhi to ñāṇa. This implies that all things visible are knowable as well as that all our knowledge is based on empirical grounds yāvatakaṁ ñeyyaṁ tāvatakaṁ ñāṇaṁ Cnd.235^3m; yaṁ ñāṇaṁ taṁ dassanaṁ, yaṁ dassanaṁ taṁ ñāṇaṁ Vin.iii.91 ñāṇa + dassana (i.e. full vision) as one of the characteristics of Arahantship ‣See arahant ii.D. cp. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit jñānadarśana, e.g. Avs.i.210
2. Scope and character of ñāṇa:
   ñ. as faculty of understanding is included in paññā (cp. wisdom = perfected knowledge) The latter signifies the spiritual wisdom which embraces the fundamental truths of morality & conviction (such as aniccaṃ anattā dukkhaṃ: Mil.42); whereas ñ. is relative to common experience (see Cnd.235#3 under cakkhumā, & on rel. of p. & ñ. Pts.i.59 sq.; Pts.i.118 sq. Pts.ii.189 sq.)
   ■ Perception (saññā) is necessary to the forming of ñāṇa, it precedes it (DN.i.185); as sure knowledge ñ. is preferable to saddhā (SN.iv.298); at Vin.iii.91 the definition of ñ. is given with tisso vijjā (3 kinds of knowledge); they are specified at Cnd.266 as aṭṭhasamāpatti-ñāṇa (consisting in the 8 attainments, viz jhāna & its 4 succeeding developments), pañc’ abhiññā (the 5 higher knowledges, see paññā & abhi˚), micchā (false k. or heresy). Three degrees of k. are distinguished at DN-a.i.100, viz. sāvaka-pāramī-ñāṇa, paccekabuddha˚ sabbaññuta˚ (highest k. of a relig. student k. of a wise man, & omniscience). Four objects of k (as objects of truth or sammādiṭṭhi) are enumerated as dhamme ñāṇaṃ, anvaye ñ., paricchede ñ., sammuti ñ at DN.iii.226, DN.iii.277; other four as dukkhe ñ. (dukkha-samudaye ñ., nirodhe ñ., magge ñ. (i.e. the knowledge of the paṭicca-samuppāda) at DN.iii.227; Pts.i.118 Vb.235 (= sammādiṭṭhi). Right knowledge (or truth is contrasted with false k. (micchā-ñāṇa = micchādiṭṭhi): SN.v.384; MN.ii.29; AN.ii.222; AN.v.327; Vb.392.
3. Ñāṇa in application:
   1. Vin.i.35; DN.ii.155 (opp pasāda); SN.i.129 (cittamhi susamāhite ñāṇamhi vuttamānamhi); SN.ii.60 (jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇan ti ñ.: see ñ-vatthu); AN.i.219 (on precedence of either samādhi or ñ.); Snp.378, Snp.789