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The corpus record — Sanskrit

kataran

Adj mutlos, kleinmütig, befangen (Mn, cp +), kätaryan Klieinmut, Furcht (ep +) -

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Where it lives

What it meant — Monier-Williams

1. kätara-

kätara- Adj mutlos, kleinmütig, befangen (Mn, cp +), kätaryan Klieinmut, Furcht (ep +) - Mi, ni, pkt käyara- Angsilich, kahara- ängstlich, sanft (*kärhar/la-, Tu 30272), ua (Tu 3027, su) - Nicht zufriedenstcellend erklärt Finwande gegen dic gefällige Deutung als Ableitung von kataram ‘welches von beiden [soll ich tun]’’ (KT'WA 1 197) bei Tu, aaO, der auf *kath? (so) und (?) *karı” (wenn in pa kattara rarhaka- … — [Mayrhofer, s.v. kätara-, p. 117]

2. كَتَرَ

katara (as, ā, at), mfn. (comparative of 2. ka; declined as a pronom. , Gram. 236 ), who or which of two? whether of two? Analogously to katama above katara may occasionally be used to express ‘who or which of many?’ ( e.g. katarasyāṃdiśi, in which quarter?), and may optionally be compounded with the word to which it refers ( e.g. kataraḥkaṭhaḥ or katarakaṭhaḥ)

3. كَتَرَ

in negative sentences katara with cana = neither of the two ( e.g. nakataraścanajigye), neither of the two was conquered, RV. &c.;

4. kātara

kātara mf(ā)n. ( etym. doubtful, perhaps from katara, ‘uncertain as to which of the two’, BRD. ), cowardly, faint-hearted, timid, despairing, discouraged, disheartened, confused, agitated, perplexed, embarrassed, shrinking, frightened, afraid of ( loc. or inf. or in comp. ), R. ; Mṛcch. ; Ragh. ; Megh. ; Śak. ; Pañcat. ; Hit.

In the wild

Where it came from

  • Mayrhofer, Etymologisches Worterbuch des Altindoarischen (EWAia) Treated in Mayrhofer, Etymologisches Worterbuch des Altindoarischen (EWAia) s.v. katara (vol. 3, scan p. 723; entry #10360).

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Sanskrit corpus record built from GRETIL sources (citations and statistics; GRETIL running text is not redistributable). Passage text, where shown, from the Digital Corpus of Sanskrit (CC BY 4.0). Dictionary senses from Monier-Williams (1899, public domain), via the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries.