1. ksäm-
ksäm- f. Erde, Erdboden (RV +; RV NomSg ksäs, AkkSg Au" AkkPI ksas, LokPl ksäsu [s.u.]; Dual-Dvandva RV din: ksämä ‘Himmel und Erde’, auch getrennt [dyäva ha] Ksar elliptisch ksama, pluralisiert ksämas [s. AiGr II 241f.]. Lok® ksami [AiGr 111 24]; in schwachen Kasus mit Endungsbr". nung ksm°, gm", jm” [unklar RV, AV ksama ‘zu Boden‘. \1t: KSAM' 425 III 242]: RV AbISg ksm-äs, AblGenSg gm-äs, InstrSg jm-a, AblGenSg … — [Mayrhofer, s.v. ksäm-, p. 479]
2. kṣam
1. kṣam cl. 1. Ā. kṣamate ( ep. also P. ti; Ved. cl. 2. P. kṣamiti, Pāṇ. vii, 2, 34 ; cl. 4. P. kṣāmyati [ cf. Impv. Ā. 3. sg. kṣamyatām, BhP. vi, 3, 30 ] Pāṇ. vii, 3, 74 ; perf. cakṣame, MBh. &c., 3. pl. mire, ŚBr. ; 1. du. cakṣaṇvahe & 1. pl. ṇmahe, Pāṇ. viii, 2, 65 , Sch. ; fut. 2nd kṣaṃsyate, ti, kṣamiṣyati; aor. 2. sg. akṣaṃsthās, Bhaṭṭ. ; inf. kṣantum, MBh. &c.), to be patient or composed, suppress anger, keep quiet, RV. x, 104, 6 ; MBh. ; R. &c.; to submit to ( dat. ), ŚBr. iii ; iv ; to bear patiently, endure, put up with ( acc. ), suffer, MBh. ; R. ; Ragh. ; to pardon, forgive anything ( acc. ) to ( gen. or dat. ), MBh. ; R. &c. ( e.g. kṣamasvametad, forgive me that, Ragh. xiv, 58 ); to allow, permit, suffer, Sāh. ( Kuval. ); (with Pot. ), Daś. ; to bear any one, be indulgent to, MBh. iii, 13051 ; R. iv, 27, 22 ; VarBṛS. ; Pañcat. ( Pass. ), Hit. ; to resist, Pāṇ. i, 3, 33 , Sch. ; to be able to do anything ( inf. ), Śiś. i, 38 and ix, 65 ; to seem good, Divyāv. iv : Caus. P. Ā. kṣamayati, kṣāmayate, to ask any one ( acc. ) pardon for anything ( acc. ), MBh. ; Bhag. ; Pañcat. ; ( perf. kṣamayāmāsa) to suffer or bear patiently, R. v, 49, 11 ( cf. kṣamāpaya);
3. kṣam
2. kṣam f. ( nom. kṣās acc. kṣām instr. kṣamā once jmā [ RV. vi, 52, 15 ] dat. kṣe [? RV. iv, 3, 6 ], gen. abl. gmas, jmas, once kṣmas [ RV. i, 100, 15 ], loc. kṣami; du. nom. kṣāmā [ RV. ii, 39, 7 ; x, 12, 1 ; cf. dyāvakṣāmā]; pl. nom. kṣāmas [ RV. viii, 70, 4 ; kṣāmīs fr. mi, SV. ], kṣās [ RV. iv, 28, 5 ] acc. kṣās [ RV. x, 2, 6 ] loc. kṣāsu, RV. i, 127, 10 and v, 64, 2 ) the ground, earth, χθών RV. ; AV. ; VS. ; ŚBr. vi
4. kṣama
kṣama mf(ā)n. ( g. pacA di ) patient (said of the earth, perhaps with reference to 2. kṣam), AV. xii, 1, 29
5. kṣama
adequate, competent, able, fit for ( loc. or inf. or in comp. , e.g. vayaṃtyaktuṃkṣamāḥ, ‘we are able to quit’, Śāntiś. ), Nal. ; R. ; Ragh. &c.
6. kṣama
fit, appropriate, becoming, suitable, proper for ( gen. dat. , loc. inf. or in comp. ), MBh. ( e.g. kṣamaṃkauravāṇām, ‘proper for the Kaurava s’, iii, 252 ), R. ( e.g. nasakṣamaḥkopayitum, ‘he is not a fit object, for anger’, iv, 32, 20 ) &c.