upa

upa ind. (a preposition or prefix to verbs and nouns, expressing) towards, near to (opposed to apa, away), by the side of, with, together with, under, down ( e.g. upagam, to go near, undergo; upagamana, approaching; in the Veda the verb has sometimes to be supplied from the context, and sometimes upa is placed after the verb to which it belongs, e.g. āyayurupa = upA yayuH , they approached). (As unconnected with verbs and prefixed to nouns upa expresses) direction towards, nearness, contiguity in space, time, number, degree, resemblance, and relationship, but with the idea of subordination and inferiority ( e.g. upakaniṣṭhikā, the finger next to the little finger; upapurāṇam, a secondary or subordinate Purāṇa ; upadaśa, nearly ten)

prefixed to proper names upa may express in classical literature ‘a younger brother’ ( e.g. upe ndra , ‘the younger brother of Indra ’), and in Buddhist literature ‘a son’. (As a separable adverb upa rarely expresses) thereto, further, moreover ( e.g. tatro pa brahma yo veda , who further knows the Brahman ), RV. ; AV. ; ŚBr. ; PārGṛ. (As a separable preposition) near to, towards, in the direction of, under, below (with acc. , e.g. upaāśāḥ, towards the regions)

with, together with, at the same time with, according to (with inst. , e.g. upadharmabhiḥ, according to the rules of duty), RV. ; AV. ; ŚBr. upa, besides the meanings given above, is said by native authorities to imply disease, extinction; ornament; command; reproof; undertaking; giving; killing; diffusing; wish; power; effort; resemblance, &c.;