The corpus record — Sanskrit
upa ind. (a preposition or prefix to verbs and nouns, expressing) towards, near to (opposed to apa, away), by the side of, with, together with, under, down ( e.g. upagam, to go near, undergo; upagamana, approaching; in the Veda the verb has sometimes to be supplied from the context, and sometimes up
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1. ُةَ
upa ind. (a preposition or prefix to verbs and nouns, expressing) towards, near to (opposed to apa, away), by the side of, with, together with, under, down ( e.g. upagam, to go near, undergo; upagamana, approaching; in the Veda the verb has sometimes to be supplied from the context, and sometimes up
2. ُةَ
prefixed to proper names upa may express in classical literature ‘a younger brother’ ( e.g. upe ndra , ‘the younger brother of Indra ’), and in Buddhist literature ‘a son’. (As a separable adverb upa rarely expresses) thereto, further, moreover ( e.g. tatro pa brahma yo veda , who further knows the
3. ُةَ
with, together with, at the same time with, according to (with inst. , e.g. upadharmabhiḥ, according to the rules of duty), RV. ; AV. ; ŚBr. upa, besides the meanings given above, is said by native authorities to imply disease, extinction; ornament; command; reproof; undertaking; giving; killing; di
6 of 15 attestations shown.
Deep etymology
These are the etymology authorities that treat this word, with their exact locators. They are bibliographic pointers, not a published word history: no root, reconstruction, derivation, cognate, or origin is asserted here.
The authorities' own wording is withheld pending review. Each source's identity, locator, and review status are cited above.
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Sanskrit corpus record built from GRETIL sources (citations and statistics; GRETIL running text is not redistributable). Passage text, where shown, from the Digital Corpus of Sanskrit (CC BY 4.0). Dictionary senses from Monier-Williams (1899, public domain), via the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries.
