veda

vedi- f. die „Vedi“, das um das Ahavaniya-Feuer gestreute, den Göttern als Sitz dienende Gras, auch Sitz des Feuers selbst { agnı- vedisdd-), später eine westlich des A°-Feuers gelegene flache Erdvertiefung als Teil des Opferplatzes (RV +; Thi, GGA 209 [1955] 212 = KS 691, Renou, Rituel 142f.,G. Roth, SIL 5/6 [1980] 188, Mylius), utara-vedi- f. nördliche Feuerstätte (YV +). - Mi, ni., pkt. veif@)- f. ‘platform’, … — [Mayrhofer, s.v. vedi-, p. 609]

1. veda m. ( fr. √ 1. vid, q.v. ) knowledge, true or sacred knowledge or lore, knowledge of ritual, RV. ; AitBr.

N. of certain celebrated works which constitute the basis of the first period of the Hindū religion (these works were primarily three, viz. 1. the Ṛg-veda , 2. the Yajur-veda [of which there are, however, two divisions See taittirīyasaṃhitā, vājasaneyisaṃhitā], 3. the Sāma-veda ; these three works are sometimes called collectively trayī, ‘the triple Vidyā ’ or ‘threefold knowledge’, but the Ṛg-veda is really the only original work of the three, and much the most ancient [the oldest of its hymns being assigned by some who rely on certain astronomical calculations to a period between 4000 and 2500 B.C. , before the settlement of the Āryans in India; and by others who adopt a different reckoning to a period between 1400 and 1000 B.C. , when the Āryans had settled down in the Panjāb ]; subsequently a fourth Veda was added, called the Atharva-veda , which was probably not completely accepted till after Manu , as his law-book often speaks of the three Veda s-calling them trayambrahmasanātanam, ‘the triple eternal Veda ’, but only once [ xi, 33 ] mentions the revelation made to Atharvan and Aṅgiras , without, however, calling it by the later name of Atharva-veda ; each of the four Veda s has two distinct parts, viz. 1. Mantra , i.e. words of prayer and adoration often addressed either to fire or to some form of the sun or to some form of the air, sky, wind &c., and praying for health, wealth, long life, cattle, offspring, victory, and even forgiveness of sins, and 2. Brāhmaṇa , consisting of Vidhi and Artha-vāda , i.e. directions for the detail of the ceremonies at which the Mantra s were to be used and explanations of the legends &c. connected with the Mantra s [see brāhmaṇa, vidhi], both these portions being termed śruti, revelation orally communicated by the Deity, and heard but not composed or written down by men [ cf. IW. 24 &c.], although it is certain that both Mantra s and Brāhmaṇa s were compositions spread over a considerable period, much of the latter being comparatively modern; as the Veda s are properly three, so the Mantra s are properly of three forms, 1. Ṛc , which are verses of praise in metre, and intended for loud recitation; 2. Yajus , which are in prose, and intended for recitation in a lower tone at sacrifices; 3. Sāman , which are in metre, and intended for chanting at the Soma or Moon-plant ceremonies, the Mantra s of the fourth or Atharva-veda having no special name; but it must be borne in mind that the Yajur and Sāma-veda hymns, especially the latter, besides their own Mantra s, borrow largely from the Ṛg-veda ; the Yajur-veda and Sāma-veda being in fact not so much collections of prayers and hymns as special prayer- and hymn-books intended as manuals for the Adhvaryu and Udgātṛ priests respectively [see yajurveda, sāmaveda]; the Atharva-veda , on the other hand, is, like the Ṛg-veda , a real collection of original hymns mixed up with incantations, borrowing little from the Ṛg and having no direct relation to sacrifices, but supposed by mere recitation to produce long life, to cure diseases, to effect the ruin of enemies &c.; each of the four Veda s seems to have passed through numerous Śākhā s or schools, giving rise to various recensions of the text, though the Ṛg-veda is only preserved in the Śākala recension, while a second recension, that of the Bhāṣkala s, is only known by name; a tradition makes Vyāsa the compiler and arranger of the Veda s in their present form: they each have an Index or Anukramaṇī [ q.v. ], the principal work of this kind being the general Index or Sarvānukramaṇī [ q.v. ]; out of the Brāhmaṇa portion of the Veda grew two other departments of Vedic literature, sometimes included under the general name Veda , viz. the strings of aphoristic rules, called Sūtra s [ q.v. ], and the mystical treatises on the nature of God and the relation of soul and matter, called Upaniṣad [ q.v. ], which were appended to the Āraṇyaka s [ q.v. ], and became the real Veda of thinking Hin

3. veda m. (perhaps connected with √ 1. ve, to weave or bind together) a tuft or bunch of strong grass ( Kuśa or Muñja ) made into a broom (and used for sweeping, making up the sacrificial fire &c., in rites), AV. MS. Br. ; ŚrS. ; Mn.