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The corpus record

τρέφω

trepho

to make fat, feed, bring up, care for

Generated live from the audited corpus — every figure on this page is a database query, not prose from memory.

Where it lives

Densest 12 of 146 attested works shown, by occurrences per 10,000 attested tokens.

What it meant

1. τρέφω · trephō — Beekes

τρέφω [v.] ‘to make fat, feed, bring up, care for’, also ‘to cause to curdle’, of γάλα ‘milk’ (ι 246) and of τυρός ‘cheese’ (Theoc. 25, 106, cf. τροφαλίς below). *VAR Dor. τράφω, -ομαι, s-aor. θρέψαι, -ασθαι, ἔθραψα (epigr. Crete II-III”), them. aor. tpagetv (mostly intr.), pass. (intr.) τραφῆναι (all 11.), θρεφθῆναι (rarely since Hes.), ἐθράφθη (Eretria VI*), fut. θρέψω, -ομαι (ἢ. Ven., etc.), perf. τέτροφα (ψ … — [Beekes, s.v. τρέφω, p. 1555]

2. τρέφω · trephō — Chantraine

τρέφω : dor. τράφω (cf. Schwyzer, Gr. Gr. 1, 685), aor. thématique τραφεῖν (généralement intransitif, 1]. 23,90, il existe une var. ἔτρεφε ; malgré M. Leumann, KI. Schr. 263 τι. 3, cet emploi semble ancien, cf. Chantraine, Gr. Hom. 1,390); aor. sigm. θρέψαι, -ασθαι (mais ἔθραψα [épigr. Crète 118:1118 5. après], ces formes depuis Hom.), aor. pass. τραφῆναι (toutes ces formes depuis Hom.), θρεφθῆναι (quelques ex. … — [Chantraine, s.v. τρέφω, p. 1152]

3. τρέφω · trephō — Chantraine

τρέφω réroopev ἅλμη «le sel marin s’est condensé »; dans un sens concret se dit aussi des cheveux qu'on laisse pousser (IL. 23,148, etc.), de la graisse qui s'accroît (Od. 13,410), de plantes (Hom., etc.) ; le mot a pris usuellement le sens de «nourrir un enfant, nourrir quelqu'un (parfois un animal), choyer, chérir», etc. (Hom., ion.-att., etc.) ; le mot se distingue franchement de βόσκω, cf. s.u.; nombreuses … — [Chantraine, s.v. τρέφω, p. 1153]

4. τρέφω · trephō — Frisk

τρέφω, dor. τράφω, -ομαι, Aor. 1. ϑρέψαι, -ασϑαι, Edoaya (Epigr. Kreta II-ILIP), 2. (meist intr.) roapeiw, Pass. (intr.) τραφῆναι (alles seit Il.), ϑοεφϑῆναι (vereinzelt seit Hes.), ἐϑράφϑη (Eretria VI®), Fut. de&yo, -ομαι (h. Ven. usw.), Perf. τέτροφα (ψ 237 u.a., intr., auch trans.), Med. τέϑραμμαι (ion. att.), wonach τέτραφα (Plb.), auch τέτρεφας (Pap. 1118, nach τρέφω), oft m. Präfix, z.B. äva-, &x-, ovr-, “dick … — [Frisk, s.v. τρέφω, p. 1897]

5. τρέφω · trephō — Frisk

τρέφω et les verbes grecs signifiant “nourrir’. Paris 1969 (Etudes et Commentaires 70). Mugler Diet. geom. — Ch. Mugler Dictionnaire historique de la terminologie geom6trique des Grecs. Paris 1958-1959 (Etudes et Commentaires 28-29). Mugler Diet.opt. = Ch.M. Dictionnaire historique de la terminologie optique des Grecs. Paris 1964 (Etudes et Commentaires 53). Museon = Le Musdon. Revue d’etudes orientales. Louvain … — [Frisk, s.v. τρέφω, p. 2137]

6. τρέφω · trephō — Frisk

τρέφω. Ausführlich jetzt C. Moussy Recherches sur τρέφω et les verbes grecs signifiant “nourrir’. Paris 1969 (Et. et Comm. 70). Auch über φέρβω, βόσκω, σῖτος, σιτέομαι. — Hierher noch maked. δΔρεβέ-λαος = Τρεφέ-λαος; Haas Die phryg. Sprachdenkmäler 84. — [Frisk, s.v. τρέφω, p. 2311]

7. τρέφω · trephō — LSJ

I thicken, congeal, curdle, curdle, congeal

thicken or congeal a liquid, γάλα θρέψαι curdle it, Od. 9.246; τρέφε (impf.) πίονα τυρόν Theoc. 25.106:—Pass., with pf. Act. τέτροφα, curdle, congeal, γάλα τρεφόμενον τυρὸν ἐργάζεσθαι Ael. NA 16.32; περὶ χροῒ τέτροφεν ἅλμη Od. 23.237.

II cause to grow, increase, bring up, rear, bring up, rear for oneself, to be reared, grow up, grew up, left the nursery, true nurslings of, art nursed

usu., cause to grow or increase, bring up, rear, esp. of children bred and brought up in a house, ὅ σʼ ἔτρεφε τυτθὸν ἐόντα Il. 8.283; ἥ μʼ ἔτεχʼ, ἥ μʼ ἔθρεψε Od. 2.131, cf. 12.134; εὖ ἔτρεφεν ἠδʼ ἀτίταλλεν Il. 16.191, cf. Od. 19.354; ἐγώ σʼ ἔθρεψα, σὺν δὲ γηράναι θέλω A. Ch. 908, cf. Supp. 894; μέχρι ἥβης τ. Th. 2.46; γεννᾶν καὶ τ. Pl. Plt. 274a; τ. τε καὶ αὔξειν μέγαν Id. R. 565c: c. acc. cogn., τ. τινὰ τροφήν τινα bring up in a certain way, Hdt. 2.2; also τῶν πρώτων μαθημάτων, ἐν οἷς οἱ παλαιο

2 rear and keep, keepers, keep, master, he keeps, to be bred, reared, bred

of slaves, cattle, dogs and the like, rear and keep them, κύνας Il. 22.69, Od. 14.22, etc.; ἵππους Il. 2.766; λέοντος ἶνιν (v. σίνις) A. Ag. 717 (lyr.); μῆλα Id. Eu. 946 (lyr.); ὄφιν S. Fr. 226 (cj. for στρέφουσι) ; ἰκτῖνα Ar. Fr. 628; ὄρτυγας Eup. 214; ὄρνιθας Pl. Tht. 197c; οἱ τρέφοντες (sc. τοὺς ἐλέφαντας) the keepers, Arist. HA 571b33; τ. παιδαγωγούς Aeschin. 1.187; also τ. γυναῖκα E. IA 749; τ. [ἑταίραν], [πόρνας], keep . . , Antiph. 2, Diph. 87; ὁ τρέφων oneʼs master, Nicol.Com. 1.11, 36:

3 tend, cherish

tend, cherish, τὸν μὲν ἐγὼ φίλεόν τε καὶ ἔτρεφον, of Calypso, Od. 5.135, cf. 7.256; of plants, Il. 17.53; θρέψασα φυτὸν ὥς 18.57, cf. Od. 14.175.

4 let grow, cherish, foster, put, on

of parts of the body, let grow, cherish, foster, χαίτην . . Σπερχειῷ τρέφε Il. 23.142; τῷ θεῷ [πλόκαμον] τ. E. Ba. 494; ὑπήνην ἄκουρον τ. Ar. V. 476 (lyr.); τ. κόμην, = κομᾶν, Hdt. 1.82; [τρίχες] πολλῷ ἐλαίῳ τραφεῖσαι Hero Bel. 112: also τά θʼ ὕεσσι τρέφει ἀλοιφήν things which put fat on swine, Od. 13.410; τεθραμμένη εἰς πολυσαρκίαν X. Mem. 2.1.22.

5 breed, produce, teem with

in Poets, of earth and sea, breed, produce, teem with, οὐδὲν ἀκιδνότερον γαῖα τ. ἀνθρώποιο Od. 18.130; ἄγρια, τά τε τρέφει οὔρεσιν ὕλη Il. 5.52; φάρμακα, ὅσα τρέφει εὐρεῖα χθών 11.741; ὅσʼ ἤπειρος . . τρέφει ἠδὲ θάλασσα Hes. Th. 582; πολλὰ γᾶ τρέφει δεινά A. Ch. 585 (lyr.), cf. 128, E. Hec. 1181; θάλασσα . . τρέφουσα πορφύρας ἰσάργυρον κηκῖδα A. Ag. 959; ὃν πόντος τ., i. e. the sailors, Pi. I. 1.48: rare in Prose, ἀεί τι ἡ Λιβύη τρέφει καινόν Arist. GA 746b8.

6 have within oneself, contain, to keep, she has as her lot, cherish, is, daily lot

in Poets also, simply, have within oneself, contain, ὅ τι καὶ πόλις τέτροφεν ἄφιλον S. OC 186 (lyr.), cf. Tr. 817; τρέφειν τὴν γλῶσσαν ἡσυχαιτέραν to keep his tongue more quiet, Id. Ant. 1089; ἡ γλῶσσα τὸν θυμὸν δεινὸν τ. Id. Aj. 1124; τἀληθὲς γὰρ ἰσχῦον τρέφω Id. OT 356 (so in Pl., τ. ἰσχυρὸν τὸ ἐλεινόν R. 606b); τ. νόσον S. Ph. 795; ἐκ φόβου φόβον τ. Id. Tr. 28; ἄταν Id. Aj. 644 (lyr.); οἵας λατρείας . . τρέφει what services . . she has as her lot, ib. 503; ἐν ἐλπίσιν τρέφω . . ἥξειν I cherish

III maintain, support, feed, provide the food for

maintain, support, τ. ἀνδρὸς μόχθος ἡμένας ἔσω A. Ch. 921, cf. Pi. O. 9.106; τοῦ τρέφοντος Ἡλίου χθονὸς φύσιν A. Ag. 633; τ. τὸν πατέρα Aeschin. 1.13; τὴν οἰκίαν ὅλην D. 59.67; οὐ δίκαιον τρέφεσθαι ὑπὸ πατρὸς ὑὸν ἡβῶντα Pl. R. 568e; τὰ κτήνη χιλῷ ἐτρέφοντο X. An. 4.5.25; γάλακτι, τυρῷ, κρέασι τ., Id. Mem. 4.3.10; σίτῳ, ὄψῳ, Id. Lac. 1.3; feed a patient, Gal. 15.503, 19.185; provide the food for an employee, σοῦ τρέφοντος αὐτόν, ἐμοῦ δὲ ἱματίζοντος αὐτόν BGU 1647.14 (ii A. D.); also τ. ἀπό τινος

2 maintain

maintain an army or fleet, Th. 4.83, X. An. 1.1.9 (Pass.); τ. τὰς ναῦς Th. 8.44, X. HG 1.5.5, 5.1.24; τ. τὸ ναυτικὸν ἀπὸ τῶν νήσων ib. 4.8.9; ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν τρέφεσθαι Id. An. 7.4.11, etc.

3 feed, maintain

of land, feed, maintain one, τρέφει γὰρ οὗτος [ὁ ἀγρὸς] . . με Philem. 98.2, cf. Men. 63, 466, al.

4 feed, suckle

of women, feed or suckle an infant, συνεξομοιοῦται τὰ τρεφόμενα ταῖς τρεφούσαις Sor. 1.88; γυνὴ τρέφουσα ib. 87; ἡ τρέφουσα, = ἡ τροφός, Gal. 6.44.

5 nourish

of food, nourish, τὰ Ἡρακλεωτικὰ τρέφει οὐχ ὁμοίως τοῖς ἀμυγδάλοις Diocl. Fr. 126, cf. 117; ἡ οὐκ ἐπιτηδείως τῷ σώματι διδομένη τροφὴ οὐ τρέφει Sor. 1.49; πυρῶν . . ὅσοι κοῦφοι . . ἧττον τρέφουσι Gal. Vict.Att 6; τὸ δέρμα πᾶν αὐτοῖς ὡς ἂν ὑπὸ φλεγματώδους αἵματος τρεφόμενον οἰδαλέον γίνεται Id. 18(2).118, cf. 106.

IV bring up, rear, educate, motherland, motherland

bring up, rear, educate, Hes. Fr. 19, Pi. N. 3.53, etc.; τῷ λόγῳ τ. καὶ παιδεύεις Pl. R. 534d; θρέψαι καὶ παιδεῦσαι D. 59.18; Δήμητερ ἡ θρέψασα τὴν ἐμὴν φρένα A. Fr. 479; ἡ θρέψασα (sc. γῆ) the motherland, Lycurg. 47:—Med., ἐθρέψω Ξέρξην ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἤθεσιν Pl. Lg. 695e; ἡ θρεψαμένη oneʼs motherland, Lycurg. 85:—Pass., ὀρθῶς, εὖ τραφῆναι, Pl. R. 401e, Alc. 1.120e; παιδείᾳ, ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ παιδείᾳ τ., Id. Lg. 695c, X. Cyn. 1.16; ἐν πολυτρόποις ξυμφοραῖς Th. 2.44; ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ Pl. Tht. 172c; ἐν χλιδ

V to be

the Pass. sts. came to mean little more than to be, ἐπʼ ἐμοὶ πολέμιον ἐτράφη (sc. τὸ γένος) Ar. Av. 335 (lyr.), cf. Th. 141, S. OC 805.

B was well-grown

Hom. uses an intr. aor. 2 Act. ἔτραφον in pass. sense (which is to τρέφομαι, τέτροφα (intr.) as ἔδρακον to δέρκομαι, δέδορκα, etc.), ὃς . . ἔτραφʼ ἄριστος Il. 21.279; λέοντε ἐτραφέτην ὑπὸ μητρί 5.555; τραφέμεν (Ep. for τραφεῖν) 7.199, Od. 3.28, al.; ἐπεὶ τράφʼ ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ, i. e. when he was well-grown, Il. 2.661:—as trans. the aor. 2 is used by Hom. only in Il. 23.90, and τράφε in Pi. N. 3.53 is Dor. impf.:—ἐτράφην is perh. post-Homeric; 3 sg. τράφη is v.l. in Il. 2.661, 1 pl. ἐτράφημεν and 1 sg.

In the wild

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Where it came from

  • Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill 2010) Treated in Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill 2010) s.v. τρέφω (scan pp. 1555-1557; entry #6147).
  • Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque Treated in Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque s.v. τρέφω (scan pp. 1153-1154; entry #8116). Root candidates: *dhrobh-.
  • Frisk, Griechisches etymologisches Worterbuch Treated in Frisk, Griechisches etymologisches Worterbuch s.v. τρέφω (scan pp. 1897-1899; entry #5740). Root candidates: *dhrobh-.

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