Terence, Heautontimorumenos front.subject_3

This play is remarkable for a supposed irregularity in its construction, which has made it the subject of an animated controversy among advocates of the Unities. It is clear that the opening scene of the play is laid at evening, when Menedemus is just finishing his day’s work. The Third Act commences with the following morning, and in the interval the supper at Chremes’ house takes place. This in itself, though an exception to the general arrangement of Terence’s plays, is not a very important matter. The theory of the Unities is not to be received as an absolute law for the Drama: and there is nothing in this case which is not abundantly justified by many other instances. Upon this point turns a theory which was first mooted by Scaliger, and afterwards maintained by Madame Dacier,—that this play was acted in two portions: the first two Acts at night, after sunset; and the three remaining Acts the next morning at break of day; the interval between the two parts being taken up with the supper at Chremes’ house. This idea proceeds entirely upon the supposed necessity of filling up the interval between the Second and Third Acts; and is, as far as we are informed, entirely gratuitous. Colman has shown the absurdity of the idea very well in his remarks on this subject. Any one who considers that the Roman Drama was performed in the open air, will at once see the improbability of such a mode of representation. The Roman Amphitheatre was at any time a disadvantageous arena for the Drama. What must have been the success of a play, acted partly at night-fall, partly before breakfast next morning? Nothing but a devotion to the Unities could have led to such an idea; and it will be dismissed without any further discussion, now that a more artistic idea of Dramatic Unity is generally recognized.