The corpus record

ἄγγᾰρος

aggaros

Persian mounted courier

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Where it lives

Agamemnon 1 · 1.23/10k

What it meant

1. ἄγγαρος · angaros — Beekes

ἄγγαρος [m.) ‘Persian mounted courier’ (X.). eVAR Rarely as an adjective, e.g. dyyapov πῦρ ‘signal fire’ (A. Ag. 282). eDER ἀγγαρήϊος = ἄγγαρος (Hdt.), substantivized ἀγγαρήϊον ‘institution of the ἄγγαροι᾽ (Hat. 8, 98, with a description of it). Denominative dyyapetw [v.] ‘press into service’ (Ev. Matt. pap. inscr.); thence ἀγγαρευτής ‘impressed laborer’ (pap. VI?) and ayyapeia ‘service’ (pap., inscr.), plur. … — [Beekes, s.v. ἄγγαρος, p. 56]

2. ἄγγαρος · angaros — Chantraine

ἄγγαρος, -ov m. : courrier à cheval qui porte les dépêches royales en Perse par relais (voir description Hdt. 8, 98), X. Theopomp. ; &yyæpov πῦρ «courrier, signal de feu » (Æsch., Ag. 282). Dérivés ἀγγαρήϊος = ἄγγαρος p.-ê Hdt. 3, 126, ἀγγαρήιον institution des ἄγγαροι (Hdt. 8, 98); cf. Rostowzew, Klio 6, 1906, 249-258. Cette famille de mots s'est développée en grec hellénistique pour désigner la réquisition de … — [Chantraine, s.v. ἄγγαρος, p. 22]

3. ἄγγαρος · angaros — Frisk

ἄγγαρος m. “reitender persischer Eilbote’ (X., Theopomp. Hist. usw.), vereinzelt auch als Adjektiv, z.B. äyyagor πῦρ “Signalfeuer’ (A. Ag. 282). Ableitungen: ἀγγαρήϊος = dyyapos (Hdt.), Subst. ἀγγαρήϊον “die Einrichtung der ἄγγαροι᾽ (Hdt. 8, 98, wo die Einrichtung beschrieben wird). Denominatives Verb ἀγγαρεύω “zur Frone (für den Beförderungsdienst) heranziehen’ (Ev. Matt., Pap., Inschr.); davon ἀγγαρευτής ‘zur … — [Frisk, s.v. ἄγγαρος, p. 37]

4. ἄγγᾰρος · angaros — LSJ

mounted courier

in Persia, mounted courier, for carrying royal dispatches, Hdt. 3.126, X. Cyr. 8.6.17, Theopomp. Hist. 106, etc.

term of abuse ( = φορτηγός), ἄ. ὄλεθρος Men. 2 D., cf. Lib. Or. 1.129.

II courier, posting-mules

as Adj., ἄ. πῦρ the courier flame, of beacon fires, A. Ag. 282; ἄ. ἡμίονοι posting-mules, Lib. Or. 18.143. (Assyr. agarru, ‘hired labourer’.)

In the wild

ἀγγάρου · angarou Aeschylus, Agamemnon 282

Where it came from

Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill 2010) Treated in Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill 2010) s.v. ἄγγᾰρος (scan p. 56; entry #81). Root candidates: *angard-, *ayyapn-.
Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque Treated in Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque s.v. ἄγγᾰρος (scan p. 22; entry #52).
Frisk, Griechisches etymologisches Worterbuch Treated in Frisk, Griechisches etymologisches Worterbuch s.v. ἄγγᾰρος (scan p. 37; entry #56).

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