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The corpus record

ἁγνός

agnos

(ritually) pure, holy

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Where it lives

Densest 12 of 49 attested works shown, by occurrences per 10,000 attested tokens.

What it meant

1. ἁγνός · hagnos — Beekes

ἁγνός [adj.] ‘(ritually) pure, holy’ (Od., mostly poet.). «IE *(H)ih.g-no- ‘holy’> eDER ἁγνότης ‘purity’ (NT, etc.). Verbal derivations: 1. ἁγνεύω [v.] ‘to consider holy, be pure, purify’ (IA), whence ἁγνεία ‘purification’, Gyveyia, ἁγνευτήριος, ἁγνευτικός; 2. ἀγνίζω [v.] ‘to purify, consecrate’ (poetic), whence ἅγνισμα, -ἰσμός, -ἰστικός, etc., ἁγνίτης ‘purifier’ (Lyc.) after nouns in -ίτης, cf. Redard 1949: 11. … — [Beekes, s.v. ἁγνός, p. 60]

2. ἄγνος · agnos — Beekes

ἄγνος [f, m.] tree name: ‘withy’, “Vitex agnus castus’ (h. Merc.), = λύγος. The name probably also denotes a fish and a bird, see DELG s.v. 4 EUR?, PG?> eVAR Also ἄγονος; cf. ἄγονον = μυρσίνη ἀγρία ‘wild myrtle’ (Fur.: 381). *ETYM Comparable with OCS jagned® ‘black poplar’ (Lidén IF 18 (1905-1906): 506); if this is correct, it is perhaps a European substrate word (on which phenomenon, see Beekes 2000). On the … — [Beekes, s.v. ἄγνος, p. 60]

3. ἄγνος · agnos — Chantraine

ἄγνος, τοῦ τ ἴ. ou m.= λύγος «vitex, agnus castus, gattilier». Les femmes en jonchent leur lit aux Thesmophories, pour observer la continence. On ne sait que faire des homonymes ἄγνος (ou ἁγνός ?) nom de noisson chez Athénée 356a (voir D'A.W. Thompson, Fishes s.u.), ce serait l’Uranoscopus scaber, la rascasse blanche et ἄγνος nom d'oiseau {Suid.) ; voir D’A.W. ‘lbompson, Birds s.u. — [Chantraine, s.v. ἄγνος, p. 26]

4. ἄγνος · agnos — Frisk

ἄγνος f. m. Baumname, ‘“Vitex agnus castus’ (ὦ. Merc. usw.). Ohne Etymologie. Lid6n IF 18, 506 vergleicht asl. jagnede ‘Schwarzpappel’. Über volksetymologische Deutungen und falsche Lehnübersetzungen s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 154. Kühne Spekulationen über die Bildung bei Specht Ursprung 173. S. auch Rohlfs WB s. v. — [Frisk, s.v. ἄγνος, p. 43]

5. ἁγνός · hagnos — Frisk

ἁγνός. Zu ayveor m. "Gebäude für Tempelprostitution’ (Klearch.) Haas Stud. z. Sprachwiss. u. Kulturkunde 58$f. — [Frisk, s.v. ἁγνός, p. 2143]

6. ἁγνός · hagnos — LSJ

pure, chaste, holy

pure, chaste, holy, Hom. (only in Od.), etc.:

I hallowed, holy, lawful

of places and things dedicated to gods, hallowed, ἑορτή Od. 21.259; of frankincense, ἁγνὴ ὀδμή Xenoph. 1.7; ἄλσος h.Merc. 187; τέμενος Pi. P. 4.204; ὕδωρ Id. I. 6(5).74; πυρὸς ἁγνόταται παγαί Id. P. 1.21; αἰθήρ A. Pr. 282; φάος, λουτρόν, S. El. 86, Ant. 1201; θύματα Id. Tr. 287, cf. Th. 1.126, D.H. 1.38; of food, Jul. Or. 6.192c (Comp.); χρηστήρια E. Ion 243, etc.; ἐν ἁγνῷ on holy ground, A. Supp. 223, but χῶρον οὐχ ἁ. πατεῖν a spot not lawful to tread on, S. OC 37.

2 chaste, pure

of divine persons, chaste, pure, Hom., mostly of Artemis, χρυσόθρονος Ἄ. ἁ. Od. 5.123, 18.202, etc.; also ἁ. Περσεφόνεια 11.386, cf. h.Cer. 337; of Demeter, h.Cer. 203, 439; Χάριτες Sapph. 65; ἁ. θεαί, Demeter and Persephone, IG 14.204, 4.31; Apollo, Pi. P. 9.64; Zeus, A. Supp. 653, S. Ph. 1289: of the attributes of gods, θεῶν σέβας S. OT 830.

II undefiled, chaste

after Hom., of persons, undefiled, chaste, of maidens, Alc. 55, Pi. P. 4.103, A. Fr. 242; ἁ. αὐδά, of a maidenʼs voice, Ag. 245; of Hippolytus, E. Hipp. 102; c. gen., λέχους ἁ. δέμας ib. 1003; γάμων ἁ. Pl. Lg. 840d, cf. Men. Epit. 223; ἁ. ἀπʼ ἀνδρὸς συνουσίας Jusj. ap. D. 59.78.

2 pure from blood, guiltless, purified, pure

pure from blood, guiltless, ἁγνοὶ τοὐπὶ τήνδε τὴν κόρην S. Ant. 889; ἁ. χεῖρας E. Or. 1604; μητροκτόνος . . τόθʼ ἁ. ὤν Id. El. 975, cf. IA 940; ὅθʼ ἁ. ἦν when he had been purified, S. Tr. 258: c. gen., ἁγνὰς χεῖρας αἵματος E. Hipp. 316; φόνου Pl. Lg. 759c; Δάματρος ἀκτᾶς δέμας ἁ. ἴσχειν pure from food, E. Hipp. 138.

3 pure, upright

generally, pure, upright, ἀέθλων ἁ. κρίσις Pi. O. 3.21; ψυχῆς φιλία ἁ. X. Smp. 8.15, etc.

III

Adv. ἁγνῶς καὶ καθαρῶς h.Ap. 121, Hes. Op. 337; ἁ. ἔχειν X. Mem. 3.8.10.

7. ἄγνος · agnos — LSJ

chaste-tree, Vitex Agnus-castus

= λύγος, chaste-tree, the branches of which were strewed by matrons on their beds at the Thesmophoria, Vitex Agnus-castus, h.Merc. 410, Chionid. 2, cf. Trag.Adesp. 396, Pl. Phdr. 230b, Hp. Int. 30, Arist. HA 627a9, Nic. Th. 71, Dsc. 1.103. (Associated with the notion of chastity from the likeness of its name to ἁγνός.)

II a fish

ἄγνος, ὁ, name of a fish, = καλλιώνυμος Diph.Siph. ap. Ath. 8.356a (sine acc. cod., ἁγνός Kaib.).

III bird

a kind of bird, Sch. Pl. Phdr. l.c., Suid.

8. ἀγνώς · agnōs — LSJ

I unknown, clam patre

Pass., unknown, mostly of persons, ἀγνῶτες ἀλλήλοις Od. 5.79; ἀγνὼς πρὸς ἀγνῶτʼ εἶπε A. Ch. 677, cf. Supp. 993, S. Ph. 1008; ἀ. πατρί clam patre, E. Ion 14: in Prose, ἀ. τοῖς ἐν τῇ νηΐ Th. 1.137, cf. Pl. R. 375e, etc.

b obscure, unintelligible, dark, vague

of things, obscure, unintelligible, ἀ. φωνὴ βάρβαρος A. Ag. 1051, cf. S. Ant. 1001; ἀ. δόκησις dark, vague suspicion, Id. OT 681.

2 obscure, ignoble, unknown to fame

obscure, ignoble, ἀ. ἀκλεής E. IA 18; οὐκ ἀ. νίκαν a victory not unknown to fame, Pi. I. 2.12; ἀ.διὰ νεότητα Jul. Or. 3.116b.

II ignorant

Act., ignorant, S. OT 1133; ἀ. τί δύναται . . X. Oec. 20.13.

III

c. gen., where the sense fluctuates between Pass. and Act., [χθὼν] οὐκ ἀ. θηρῶν Pi. P. 9.58, cf. I. 2.30; ἀγνῶτες ἀλλήλων Th. 3.53; ὁ ἀ. τῶν λόγων Arist. SE 178a26.

In the wild

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Where it came from

  • Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill 2010) Treated in Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill 2010) s.v. ἁγνός (scan p. 60; entry #102).
  • Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque Treated in Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque s.v. ἁγνός (scan p. 26; entry #75).
  • Frisk, Griechisches etymologisches Worterbuch Treated in Frisk, Griechisches etymologisches Worterbuch s.v. ἁγνός (scan p. 2143; entry #6279).

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