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The corpus record

ἐλεύθερος

eleutheros

free, free man

Generated live from the audited corpus — every figure on this page is a database query, not prose from memory.

Where it lives

Densest 12 of 147 attested works shown, by occurrences per 10,000 attested tokens.

What it meant

1. ἐλεύθερος · eleutheros — Beekes

ἐλεύθερος [adj.] ‘free, free man’, opposed to δοῦλος ‘slave’ (Il.). «1ὲ *hJeud"- ‘grow up, come out’> *DIAL Myc. e-re-u-te-ro /eleut*eros/. «COMP Rarely as a first member, e.g. ἐλευθερό-στομος ‘with free mouth’ (A.)}; as a second member eg. in ἀπ-ελεύθερος ‘freed man’ (Att.), mostly taken as deverbal to ἀπ-ελευθερόω ‘liberate, make into a freed man’ (Pl, Arist.); Schwyzer: 421, Stromberg 1946: 39f. with litt. *DER … — [Beekes, s.v. ἐλεύθερος, p. 455]

2. ἐλεύθερος · eleutheros — Chantraine

ἐλεύθερος : adj. (Hom., ion.-att., ete), avec les variantes ἐλαύθερος (Delphes, BCH 92, 76), ἐλεύθαρος (éléen, Schwyzer 416), ἐλούθερος (crétois, cf. Schwyzer, Gr. Gr. 1,194); mycëén. ereutero, Sens : «libre», par opposition à δοῦλος ; attesté chez Hom. seulement dans les formules ἐλεύθερον fuap «jour de la liberté», c.-à-d. «liberté » et χρητῆρα ἐλεύθερον « cratère fétant la liberté » ; employé parfois comme … — [Chantraine, s.v. ἐλεύθερος, p. 350]

3. ἐλεύθερος · eleutheros — LSJ

free, of freedom, freedom, to freedom, freedom, free, freed from, independent

free, Hom. has the word only in Il. in two phrases, ἐλεύθερον ἦμαρ the day of freedom, i.e. freedom, Il. 6.455, 16.831, al.; and κρητὴρ ἐλεύθερος the cup drunk to freedom, 6.528; ἐ. πιοῦσαν οἶνον ἀποθανεῖν Xenarch. 5 codd. Ath. (fort. -ριον, cf. ἐλευθέριος I.2); of persons, Alc. Supp. 25.11, Hdt. 1.6, A. Pr. 50, S. Aj. 1020, Th. 8.15, etc.: Comp., X. Cyr. 8.3.21: Sup., Id. Hier. 1.16; τὸ ἐ. freedom, Hdt. 7.103, etc.; τοὐλεύθερον E. Supp. 438: c. gen., free or freed from a thing, φόνου, πημάτων,

b married woman, wife, freedwoman

ἐλευθέρα, ἡ, married woman, Ath. 13.571d; wife, POxy. 1872.8 (v/vi A.D.); but, freedwoman, IG 14.2490 (Vienne).

c free

free, of cities, in Roman Law, BGU 316.3 (iv A.D.).

2 free, open to all, unencumbered

of things, free, open to all, ἀγορά X. Cyr. 1.2.3; ἐ. φυλακή,= Lat. libera custodia, D.S. 4.46; περιωπή Ael. NA 15.5; unencumbered, of property, D. 35.21, IG 9(1).32.10 (Stiris), SIG 364.36 (Ephesus, iii B.C.).

3 legally permissible, open to

ἐλεύθερον εἶναί τινι, c. inf., legally permissible, open to . ., ib. 45.42 (Halic., v B.C.).

II fit for a freeman, free, frank, such as might be used to a freeman, like free men

= ἐλευθέριος, fit for a freeman, free, frank, φρήν Pi. P. 2.57; ἐλευθερωτέρη ὑπόκρισις Hdt. 1.116; ἐλεύθρα βάζειν A. Pers. 593 (lyr.); ὦ μηδὲν ὑγιὲς μηδʼ ἐ. φρονῶν S. Ph. 1006; δούλη μέν, εἴρηκεν δʼ ἐ. λόγον Id. Tr. 63, cf. El. 1256; φρονήματα Pl. R. 567a; βάσανοι ἐ. tortures such as might be used to a freeman, Id. Lg. 946c (so φάσγανα E. Fr. 495.38); τὸ ἐ. Pl. Mx. 245c: freq. in Adv. -ρως, εἰπεῖν Hdt. 5.93, al.; χαίρειν . . καὶ γελᾶν ἐ. S. El. 1300; τεθραμμένους Isoc. 7.43 codd. (fort. -ερίως)

In the wild

6 of 772 attestations shown. Ask for more.

Where it came from

  • Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill 2010) Treated in Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill 2010) s.v. ἐλεύθερος (scan p. 455; entry #2008).
  • Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque Treated in Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque s.v. ἐλεύθερος (scan pp. 350-351; entry #2419).

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