LOGOI

The corpus record

γράφω

grapho

to scratch, write

Generated live from the audited corpus — every figure on this page is a database query, not prose from memory.

Where it lives

Densest 12 of 123 attested works shown, by occurrences per 10,000 attested tokens.

What it meant

1. γράφω · graphō — Beekes

γράφω [v.] ‘to scratch, write’ (Il. [aor. only]). 41Ὲ *gerb’- ‘scratch, carve’> °VAR Aor. γράψαι. *DIAL ypo@w (Melos). *COMP Often with prefix: dva-, ἐπι-, ovv-, etc. Many compounds with -γράφος as a second member (eg. λογογράφος ‘writer of speeches’); the proparoxytona are passive, e.g. ἄγραφος ‘not written’. *DER γραπτύες [f.pl.] ‘scratching’ (w 229); γραφή ‘id’ also ‘prosecution’ (1A; γροφά Epid.), ypagixdc; … — [Beekes, s.v. γράφω, p. 332]

2. γράφω · graphō — Chantraine

γράφω : fut. -ψω, aor. -bœ, pf. γέγραφα (Cratin., Th.) et tardif γεγράφηκα ; pf. p. γέγραμμαι, crétois ἔγραμμαι, argien 3e pl. γεγράδανται; sur γεγραψαται à Héraclée voir Buck, Greek Dialecis, $ 146,5; adj. verbal γράπτός d'où p.-ê. γραπτεύς [?], sch. Ar. Th. 1103. Pour les formes à voyelle ὁ radicale, participe γρόφων (Mélos), avec dans les dialectes doriens γροφεύς, γὙροφά, γροφίς, γροφεύω, σύγγροφος, ἀνεπίγροφος, … — [Chantraine, s.v. γράφω, p. 249]

3. γράφω · graphō — Chantraine

γράφω séries : paroxytons, ils ont le sens actif : «αυΐ écrit», proparexytons, ils sont passifs : «qui est écrit ». Ainsi, premier groupe : βιόλια- ou βιδλιογράφος «sacribe » {Craiin., éte.), yew-, γλωσσο-, ἐγκωμίῖο-, εἰκονο- « portraitiste » (Arist., etc.), ἐπιστολα- et ἐπιστολο- «secrétaire », ζωγράφος « peintre » (Hdt., PL, etc.), ἦθο- (Arist.), ἱστοριαet ἱστοριο- (Plb., etc.}, λογο- «histérien, logographe … — [Chantraine, s.v. γράφω, p. 250]

4. γράφω · graphō — Frisk

γράφω, Aor. γράψαι “einritzen, schreiben’ (seit 1]. [Aor.]), such γρόφω (Melos; vgl. unten). Oft mit Präfix: dva-, ἐπι-, συνγράφω 825 usw. — Zahlreiche Ableitungen. Nomina actionis: 1. γραπτύες f. pl. ‘Kratzer’ (w 229), ‘*Schreibzeichen’ (A. R. 4, 279), vgl. Porzig Satzinhalte 183. 2. γραφή "Ritzung, Gemälde, Schrift usw.’ (ion. att.; ygopd epid.) mit γραφικός (ion. att.; auch auf γράφω bezüglich). 3. yodpea τι. pl. … — [Frisk, s.v. γράφω, p. 356]

5. γράφω · graphō — LSJ

scratch, graze, having marked, drawn, represent by lines, draw, paint, draw

scratch, graze, αἰχμὴ γράψεν οἱ ὀστέον ἄχρις Il. 17.599; γράψας ἐν πίνακι πτυκτῷ θυμοφθόρα πολλά having marked or drawn signs thereon, 6.169: hence, later, represent by lines, draw, paint, Hdt. 2.41, A. Eu. 50, Pl. R. 377e; γῆς περιόδους γ. draw maps, Hdt. 4.36; γ. Ἔρωθʼ ὑπόπτερον Eub. 41.1; προσπεπατταλευμένον γ. τὸν Προμηθέα Men. 535.2; ἀνδριάντα γ. Pl. R. 420c; ζῷα γ., = ζωγραφεῖν (q. v.), Id. Grg. 453c: metaph., ὁπόσα τοὺς λειμῶνας αἱ ὧραι γράφουσι Philostr. Im. Praef.:—Med., ζῷα γράφεσθαι H

2 describe

Math., describe a figure, Euc. Post. 3, al., Archim. Sph.Cyl. 1.23, al., Gal. 1.47.

b generate

of a point or line in motion, generate a figure, Arist. Mech. 848b10, al.; τὸ σαμεῖον ἕλικα γράψει Archim. Sph.Cyl. 1, cf. Apollon.Perg. Con. 1.2, Hero Aut. 8.1.

3 brand, mark

brand, mark, Opp. C. 1.326:—Pass. in form γεγράφαται, ib. 322.

II express by written characters, write, it is written

express by written characters, write, τι Hdt. 1.125, etc.; γ. διαθήκην Pl. Lg. 923c, cf. X. Cyr. 4.5.34 (Pass.); γ. τινὶ ὅτι . . Th. 7.14; γ. τινί, c. inf., SIG 552.13 (Abae, iii B. C.); γ. τι εἰς διφθέρας Hdt. 5.58: prov., ὅρκους . . γυναικὸς εἰς ὕδωρ γράφω S. Fr. 811, cf. Xenarch. 6; εἰς τέφραν γ. Philonid. 7; εἰς ὕδωρ, ἐν ὕδατι, Men. Mon. 25, Pl. Phdr. 276c; ἐν χρυσῷ πίνακι Id. Criti. 120c; ἐν φλοιῷ Theoc. 18.47; καθʼ ὕδατος Luc. Cat. 21; εἰς πέλαγος γράμματα γράψαι Epigr.Gr. 1038.8 (Attalia)

2 inscribe, to be inscribed with, have my name inscribed, having, branded

inscribe, γ. εἰς σκῦλα, εἰς στήλην, E. Ph. 574, D. 9.41:—Pass., γράφεσθαί τι to be inscribed with a thing, S. Tr. 157; ὧδε γέγραμμαι have my name inscribed, IG 12(7).3* (dub.); ἐν τῷ προσώπῳ γραφεὶς τὴν συμφοράν having it branded on his forehead, Pl. Lg. 854d; γεγραμμένα κωκύουσαν, of the hyacinth, Euph. 40.

3 write down, set, down, register, invoke a curse upon, institute by a written document, register, enrol

write down, γ. τινὰ αἴτιον set him down as the cause, Hdt. 7.214; γ. τι ἱερόν τινι register as . . , Pi. O. 3.30; in magic, invoke a curse upon, Tab.Defix.Aud. 14A 1; γ. τινὰ κληρονόμον, ἐπίτροπον, institute by a written document, Pl. Lg. 923c, 924a; register, enrol, ἐμὲ γράφε τῶν ἱππεύειν ὑπερεπιθυμούντων X. Cyr. 4.3.21; οὐ Κρέοντος προστάτου γεγράψομαι, as a dependent of Cr., S. OT 411.

4 write a letter to

γ. τινί write a letter to one, γ. σοὶ ἵνα εἰδῇς PGrenf. 1.11ii 21 (ii B. C.), etc.; εἴς τινα Luc. Syr.D. 23.

5 write on, against, address a work, describe

γ. περί τίνος write on a subject, X. Cyn. 13.2, etc.; ὑπέρ τινος Plb. 1.1.4, etc.; εἴς τινα against . . , Longin. 4.3; πρός τινα address a work to . . , Id. 1.3; describe, οἱ ὑφʼ ἡμῶν γραφόμενοι καιροί Plb. 2.56.4; esp. of Prose, opp. ποιεῖν, Isoc. 2.48: c. dupl. acc., τί . . γράψειειν ἄν σε μουσοποιὸς ἐν τάφῳ ; E. Tr. 1189.

6 write down, propose, move, enact

write down a law to be proposed: hence, propose, move, γνώμην, νόμον, ψήφισμα, etc., X. HG 1.7.34, Ar. Nu. 1429, etc.: abs. (sc. νόμον), D. 18.179; γ. καὶ νομοθετεῖν περί τινος Id. 24.48; γ. πόλεμον, εἰρήνην, Id. 10.55, 19.55: c. inf., σὺ γράφεις ταῦτʼ εἶναι στρατιωτικά Id. 1.19; ἔγραψα . . ἀποπλεῖν . . τοὺς πρέσβεις Id. 18.25; enact, νόμοι οὓς τὸ πλῆθος συνελθὸν ἔγραψε X. Mem. 1.2.42:—Pass., παρὰ τὰ γραφέντα δρᾶν Pl. Plt. 295d; τὸ γεγραμμένον ὑπὸ σοῦ ψήφισμα Din. 1.70.

7 prescribe, ordain

prescribe, ordain, πότμος ἔγραψε Pi. N. 6.7.

8 secretary for

ὁ γράφων τὸν Ὀξυρυγχίτην (sc. νομόν) the secretary for the nome of Oxyrhynchus, POxy. 239.1 (i A. D.); τῷ ἰδίῳ λόγῳ γράφοντι τὸν νομόν PFlor. 358.5 (ii A. D.).

B write for oneself, for oneʼs own use, note down, wrote me down, cause to be written, petition for

Med., write for oneself or for oneʼs own use, note down, Hdt. 2.82, IG 1(2).57.39, etc.; γ. τι ἐν φρεσίν A. Ch. 450 (lyr.); φρενῶν ἔσω S. Ph. 1325; ἐγραψάμην ὑπομνήματα I wrote me down some memoranda, Pl. Tht. 143a; cause to be written, συγγραφήν D. 56.6, etc.; γ. πρόσοδον πρὸς τὴν βουλήν petition for a hearing before the Council, Id. 24.48.

2 enrol oneself, enrol, your

enrol oneself, γράψασθαι φυλῆς καὶ δήμου καὶ φρατρίας IG 1(2).374.16, ib. 2.115b21: abs., of colonists, Pl. Lg. 850b; but also (cf. A.II.3), ἕνα τῶν μαθητῶν ἐμὲ γράφου enrol me as one of your disciples, Id. Cra. 428b.

3 to indict, for, the prosecutors, indict, brought a γραφὴ παρανόμων against

as law-term, γ. τινά to indict one, τινός for some public offence, e.g. τῆς αἰσχροκερδείας, Pl. Lg. 754e; γ. [τινὰ] παρανόμων D. 18.13; in full, γραφὴν γράψασθαί τινα Ar. Nu. 1482 (but in Pass., εἴ σοι γράφοιτο δίκη ib. 758); γράψασθαι δίκας SIG 344.38 (Teos): c. acc. et inf., γ. τινὰ ἀδικεῖν Ar. V. 894, cf. Pax 107: abs., οἱ γραψάμενοι the prosecutors, Id. V. 881; ἑτέροις οὐκ ἦν γράψασθαι And. 1.75; also γράφεσθαί τι indict an act, i. e. the doer of it, as criminal, ἐγράψατο τὴν Χαβρίου δωρειάν

b to be indicted, was indicted, indicted, had, been proposed, the articles of the indictment, the penalty named in the indictment, indict

Pass., to be indicted, γραφεὶς ἀπέφυγον D. 18.103; τοῦτο τὸ ψήφισμα ἐγράφη παρανόμων was indicted as illegal, Aeschin. 3.62; ψηφίσματα ὑπὸ τούτου οὐδὲ γραφέντα not even indicted, D. 18.222 (but in 18.28, εἰ μὴ τοῦτʼ ἐγράφη if this decree had not been proposed, as Pass. of A. II.6); τὰ γεγραμμένα the articles of the indictment, Id. 18.56; τὸ γεγραμμένον the penalty named in the indictment, Id. 24.83:—but γέγραμμαι usu. takes the sense of the Med., indict, Id. 18.59, 119, cf. Pl. Euthphr. 2b, Tht.

In the wild

6 of 1,290 attestations shown. Ask for more.

Where it came from

  • Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill 2010) Treated in Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill 2010) s.v. γράφω (scan pp. 332-333; entry #1492). Root candidates: *gerb’-.
  • Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque Treated in Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque s.v. γράφω (scan pp. 250-251; entry #1723).
  • Frisk, Griechisches etymologisches Worterbuch Treated in Frisk, Griechisches etymologisches Worterbuch s.v. γράφω (scan pp. 356-358; entry #1353).

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