1. γράφω · graphō — Beekes
The corpus record
γράφω
grapho
to scratch, write
Generated live from the audited corpus — every figure on this page is a database query, not prose from memory.
Where it lives
- 3 John 3 · 138.89/10k
- 2 John 2 · 82.64/10k
- 1 John 13 · 61.15/10k
- Philemon 2 · 60.98/10k
- Jude 2 · 44.94/10k
- Esther 20 · 36.15/10k
- Galatians 7 · 32.04/10k
- Phaedrus 51 · 30.68/10k
- Romans 21 · 29.94/10k
- Revelation 29 · 29.32/10k
- Esdras I 23 · 27.96/10k
- 1 Corinthians 18 · 26.65/10k
Densest 12 of 123 attested works shown, by occurrences per 10,000 attested tokens.
What it meant
2. γράφω · graphō — Chantraine
3. γράφω · graphō — Chantraine
4. γράφω · graphō — Frisk
5. γράφω · graphō — LSJ
scratch, graze, αἰχμὴ γράψεν οἱ ὀστέον ἄχρις Il. 17.599; γράψας ἐν πίνακι πτυκτῷ θυμοφθόρα πολλά having marked or drawn signs thereon, 6.169: hence, later, represent by lines, draw, paint, Hdt. 2.41, A. Eu. 50, Pl. R. 377e; γῆς περιόδους γ. draw maps, Hdt. 4.36; γ. Ἔρωθʼ ὑπόπτερον Eub. 41.1; προσπεπατταλευμένον γ. τὸν Προμηθέα Men. 535.2; ἀνδριάντα γ. Pl. R. 420c; ζῷα γ., = ζωγραφεῖν (q. v.), Id. Grg. 453c: metaph., ὁπόσα τοὺς λειμῶνας αἱ ὧραι γράφουσι Philostr. Im. Praef.:—Med., ζῷα γράφεσθαι H
Math., describe a figure, Euc. Post. 3, al., Archim. Sph.Cyl. 1.23, al., Gal. 1.47.
of a point or line in motion, generate a figure, Arist. Mech. 848b10, al.; τὸ σαμεῖον ἕλικα γράψει Archim. Sph.Cyl. 1, cf. Apollon.Perg. Con. 1.2, Hero Aut. 8.1.
brand, mark, Opp. C. 1.326:—Pass. in form γεγράφαται, ib. 322.
express by written characters, write, τι Hdt. 1.125, etc.; γ. διαθήκην Pl. Lg. 923c, cf. X. Cyr. 4.5.34 (Pass.); γ. τινὶ ὅτι . . Th. 7.14; γ. τινί, c. inf., SIG 552.13 (Abae, iii B. C.); γ. τι εἰς διφθέρας Hdt. 5.58: prov., ὅρκους . . γυναικὸς εἰς ὕδωρ γράφω S. Fr. 811, cf. Xenarch. 6; εἰς τέφραν γ. Philonid. 7; εἰς ὕδωρ, ἐν ὕδατι, Men. Mon. 25, Pl. Phdr. 276c; ἐν χρυσῷ πίνακι Id. Criti. 120c; ἐν φλοιῷ Theoc. 18.47; καθʼ ὕδατος Luc. Cat. 21; εἰς πέλαγος γράμματα γράψαι Epigr.Gr. 1038.8 (Attalia)
inscribe, γ. εἰς σκῦλα, εἰς στήλην, E. Ph. 574, D. 9.41:—Pass., γράφεσθαί τι to be inscribed with a thing, S. Tr. 157; ὧδε γέγραμμαι have my name inscribed, IG 12(7).3* (dub.); ἐν τῷ προσώπῳ γραφεὶς τὴν συμφοράν having it branded on his forehead, Pl. Lg. 854d; γεγραμμένα κωκύουσαν, of the hyacinth, Euph. 40.
write down, γ. τινὰ αἴτιον set him down as the cause, Hdt. 7.214; γ. τι ἱερόν τινι register as . . , Pi. O. 3.30; in magic, invoke a curse upon, Tab.Defix.Aud. 14A 1; γ. τινὰ κληρονόμον, ἐπίτροπον, institute by a written document, Pl. Lg. 923c, 924a; register, enrol, ἐμὲ γράφε τῶν ἱππεύειν ὑπερεπιθυμούντων X. Cyr. 4.3.21; οὐ Κρέοντος προστάτου γεγράψομαι, as a dependent of Cr., S. OT 411.
γ. τινί write a letter to one, γ. σοὶ ἵνα εἰδῇς PGrenf. 1.11ii 21 (ii B. C.), etc.; εἴς τινα Luc. Syr.D. 23.
γ. περί τίνος write on a subject, X. Cyn. 13.2, etc.; ὑπέρ τινος Plb. 1.1.4, etc.; εἴς τινα against . . , Longin. 4.3; πρός τινα address a work to . . , Id. 1.3; describe, οἱ ὑφʼ ἡμῶν γραφόμενοι καιροί Plb. 2.56.4; esp. of Prose, opp. ποιεῖν, Isoc. 2.48: c. dupl. acc., τί . . γράψειειν ἄν σε μουσοποιὸς ἐν τάφῳ ; E. Tr. 1189.
write down a law to be proposed: hence, propose, move, γνώμην, νόμον, ψήφισμα, etc., X. HG 1.7.34, Ar. Nu. 1429, etc.: abs. (sc. νόμον), D. 18.179; γ. καὶ νομοθετεῖν περί τινος Id. 24.48; γ. πόλεμον, εἰρήνην, Id. 10.55, 19.55: c. inf., σὺ γράφεις ταῦτʼ εἶναι στρατιωτικά Id. 1.19; ἔγραψα . . ἀποπλεῖν . . τοὺς πρέσβεις Id. 18.25; enact, νόμοι οὓς τὸ πλῆθος συνελθὸν ἔγραψε X. Mem. 1.2.42:—Pass., παρὰ τὰ γραφέντα δρᾶν Pl. Plt. 295d; τὸ γεγραμμένον ὑπὸ σοῦ ψήφισμα Din. 1.70.
prescribe, ordain, πότμος ἔγραψε Pi. N. 6.7.
ὁ γράφων τὸν Ὀξυρυγχίτην (sc. νομόν) the secretary for the nome of Oxyrhynchus, POxy. 239.1 (i A. D.); τῷ ἰδίῳ λόγῳ γράφοντι τὸν νομόν PFlor. 358.5 (ii A. D.).
Med., write for oneself or for oneʼs own use, note down, Hdt. 2.82, IG 1(2).57.39, etc.; γ. τι ἐν φρεσίν A. Ch. 450 (lyr.); φρενῶν ἔσω S. Ph. 1325; ἐγραψάμην ὑπομνήματα I wrote me down some memoranda, Pl. Tht. 143a; cause to be written, συγγραφήν D. 56.6, etc.; γ. πρόσοδον πρὸς τὴν βουλήν petition for a hearing before the Council, Id. 24.48.
enrol oneself, γράψασθαι φυλῆς καὶ δήμου καὶ φρατρίας IG 1(2).374.16, ib. 2.115b21: abs., of colonists, Pl. Lg. 850b; but also (cf. A.II.3), ἕνα τῶν μαθητῶν ἐμὲ γράφου enrol me as one of your disciples, Id. Cra. 428b.
as law-term, γ. τινά to indict one, τινός for some public offence, e.g. τῆς αἰσχροκερδείας, Pl. Lg. 754e; γ. [τινὰ] παρανόμων D. 18.13; in full, γραφὴν γράψασθαί τινα Ar. Nu. 1482 (but in Pass., εἴ σοι γράφοιτο δίκη ib. 758); γράψασθαι δίκας SIG 344.38 (Teos): c. acc. et inf., γ. τινὰ ἀδικεῖν Ar. V. 894, cf. Pax 107: abs., οἱ γραψάμενοι the prosecutors, Id. V. 881; ἑτέροις οὐκ ἦν γράψασθαι And. 1.75; also γράφεσθαί τι indict an act, i. e. the doer of it, as criminal, ἐγράψατο τὴν Χαβρίου δωρειάν
Pass., to be indicted, γραφεὶς ἀπέφυγον D. 18.103; τοῦτο τὸ ψήφισμα ἐγράφη παρανόμων was indicted as illegal, Aeschin. 3.62; ψηφίσματα ὑπὸ τούτου οὐδὲ γραφέντα not even indicted, D. 18.222 (but in 18.28, εἰ μὴ τοῦτʼ ἐγράφη if this decree had not been proposed, as Pass. of A. II.6); τὰ γεγραμμένα the articles of the indictment, Id. 18.56; τὸ γεγραμμένον the penalty named in the indictment, Id. 24.83:—but γέγραμμαι usu. takes the sense of the Med., indict, Id. 18.59, 119, cf. Pl. Euthphr. 2b, Tht.
In the wild
- γεγραμμένος · gegrammenos Aeschylus, Agamemnon 799–804
- γεγραμμένας · gegrammenas Aeschylus, Eumenides 50
- γράφου · graphou Aeschylus, Libation Bearers 450–452
- γέγραπται · gegraptai Aeschylus, Suppliant Maidens 707–709
- γεγραμμένοις · gegrammenois Aeschylus, Suppliant Maidens 991–993
- γεγραμμένην · gegrammenēn Aristotle, Analytica priora et posteriora AHys.Α (DIORISIS sentence 1649)
6 of 1,290 attestations shown. Ask for more.
Where it came from
- Treated in Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill 2010) s.v. γράφω (scan pp. 332-333; entry #1492). Root candidates: *gerb’-.
- Treated in Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque s.v. γράφω (scan pp. 250-251; entry #1723).
- Treated in Frisk, Griechisches etymologisches Worterbuch s.v. γράφω (scan pp. 356-358; entry #1353).