ἱερός (ieros)

1. ἱερός · hieros — Beekes

ἱερός [adj.] “holy”, ‘dedicated to a god, divine’, also used in a glorifying way: ‘glorious, excellent, strong, quick, etc.’ (Il.). 4«1ὸὲ *ish,ro- ‘holy’> VAR Dor. and NWGr. ἱαρός, Ion. poet. ipdc, Aeol. ipoc. Substantivized: ἱερόν [n.] ‘consecrated area, temple’ (post-Hom.), ἱερά [n.pl.], rarely sing. ‘votive offering, (animal) sacrifice’ (11... *DIAL Myc. i-je-ro, i-je-re-u, i-je-re-ja, i-je-ro-wo-ko … — [Beekes, s.v. ἱερός, p. 627]

2. ἱερός · hieros — Chantraine

ἱερός : Hom., ion.-att., etc., le mycénien a de même ijero (Chadwick-Baumbach 205); autres formes : ἰαρός (dor., grec du Nord-Ouest, exceptionnellement en béotien ou thessalien, quelques formes avec psilose, cf. Schwyzer 129,16), ἱρός et ἴρος (ionien du Nord-Est, p. ex. Chios, Thasos, et constamment en lesbien avec recul de l'accent et psilose), quelques exemples de ἱρός et surtout de ip en liaison avec le jeu des … — [Chantraine, s.v. ἱερός, p. 471]

3. ἱερός · hieros — Frisk

ἱερός (seit Il.), dor., nwgr. ἱαρός, ion. poet. ἱρός, äol. Zoos, myk. i-je-ro (?) „heilig“, "einem Gott geweiht, göttlich’, auch im allg. lobend ‘herrlich, trefflich, kräftig, rasch usw.’ (vgl. unten); ἱερόν τι. "heiliger Bezirk, Tempel’ (nachhom.), ἱερά n. pl., selten sg. "Weihgeschenk, Opfer(tier)’ (seit Dl.). Als Vorderglied in zahllosen Kompp., auf die hier nicht eingegangen werden kann. — Ableitungen (die … — [Frisk, s.v. ἱερός, p. 744]

4. ἱερός · hieros — Frisk

ἱερός. Hinzugekommene Lit.: Wülfing von Martitz Glotta 38 (1960) 272-307 und 39 (1961) 24-43 (für einheitlichen Ursprung; früher als ungedruckte Göttinger-Diss.); J. P. Locher Untersuchungen zu ἱερός hauptsächlich bei Homer (Diss. Bern 1963); Ramat Sprache 8 (1962) 4-28 (weit ausgreifende Kombinationen); Gallavotti Ant. class. 32 (1963) 409-428 (zum myk. und homer. Gebrauch mit Zweifel an der Zusammenstellung mit … — [Frisk, s.v. ἱερός, p. 2236]

5. ἱερός · hieros — LSJ

I filled with, manifesting divine power, supernatural, great

filled with or manifesting divine power, supernatural, ἱ. ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο Od. 2.409, al.; ἱ. μένος Ἀλκινόοιο 8.421, etc.; ἄλφιτον, ἀλωαί, Il. 11.631, 5.499; Δημήτερος ἱερὸς ἀκτή Hes. Op. ll.c.; of natural objects or phenomena, rivers, Od. 10.351, Il. 11.726, E. Med. 410 (lyr.); λιβάς, of the Spercheus, S. Ph. 1215 (lyr.); ἱεραὶ βῆσσαι Κίρκης ‘faery’, Od. 10.275; ἱ. ἦμαρ, κνέφας, Il. 8.66, 11.194; φάος Hes. Op. 339; ἱερὸς δίφρος (where δ. perh.= ἵπποι) Il. 17.464; after Hom., ἱ. χεῦμα θαλάσσης A. F

II holy, of God, holy, ‘crusade’

of divine things, holy, ἱεροῖς ἐν δώμασι Κίρκης Od. 10.426; ἱ. γένος ἀθανάτων Hes. Th. 21; λέχος, of Zeus, ib. 57; δόσις the gift of God, ib. 93; πόλεμος holy war, ‘crusade’, Ar. Av. 556, etc.

2 hallowed, consecrated, hieroglyphics, Holy, of sacrifice, legend, mystical, sacred, profane

of earthly things, hallowed, consecrated, βωμοί Il. 2.305; ἱ. δόμος, of the temple of Athena, 6.89; ἱ. ἑκατόμβη 1.99, 431, etc.; ἐλαίη Od. 13.372; χοαί S. OC 469, etc.; ἱρὰ γράμματα hieroglyphics, Hdt. 2.36; but ἱ. γράμματα of the Holy Scriptures, 2 Ep.Tim. 3.15; ἱ. βύβλοι OGI 56.70 (Canopus, iii B.C.); ἱ. ἄγαλμα, τρίπους, S. OT 1379, E. Ion 512, etc.; χρήματα Pl. R. 568d, etc.; ἱ. τὸ σῶμα τῷ θεῷ δίδωμʼ ἔχειν E. Ion 1285; ἱ. σώματα, of ἱερόδουλοι, Str. 6.2.6; χῆνες Plu. Fort.Rom. 2.325c; of anim

3 under divine protection, under the protection of Zeus

under divine protection, freq. of places, Ἴλιος Il. 5.648, Alc. Supp. 8.4; Πύλος Od. 21.108; Θήβη Sapph. 44.6 L.-P.; Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον, Τροίης ἱερὰ κρήδεμνα, Od. 1.2, Il. 16.100; Ἀθῆναι Od. 11.323, cf. Pi. Fr. 75, S. Aj. 1221 (lyr.), Ps.-Orac. ap. Ar. Eq. 1037; Σούνιον ἱρόν Od. 3.278; ἱ. κύκλος the judgeʼs seat under the protection of Zeus, Il. 18.504: with gen. of the divinity, ἄλσος ἱρὸν Ἀθηναίης, ἄντρον ἱρὸν νυμφάων, Od. 6.322, 13.104, cf. Hdt. 1.80, 2.41, Ar. Pl. 937, X. An. 5.3.13, et

b initiated, devoted, dedicated

of persons, φυλάκων ἱ. τέλος Il. 10.56; ἱ. πυλαωροί 24.681; στρατός Od. 24.81; βασιλέες Pi. P. 5.97; ἱ. εὐσεβής τε, of Oedipus, S. OC 287; ἅνθρωπος ἱ. initiated, Ar. Ra. 652; c. gen. of a divinity, devoted, dedicated, E. Alc. 75, Pl. Phd. 85b.

c sacer, imperial, worshipful

under the Roman Empire, = sacer, imperial, ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν τοῦ Καίσαρος γραμμάτων IGRom. 4.571 (Aezani, ii A.D.); ὁ -ώτατος φίσκος, τὸ -ώτατον ταμιεῖον, ib. 3.727 (Lycia), SIG 888.10 (Scaptopara, iii A.D.), etc.; τὸ -ώτατον βῆμα (of the praefectus Aegypti), PHamb. 4.8 (i A.D.): generally, worshipful, ἱ. σύνοδος OGI 713.9 (Egypt, iii A.D.), etc.

III

as Subst.,

1 offerings, victims

ἱερά, Ion. ἱρά, τά, offerings, victims, ἱερὰ ῥέξας Il. 1.147, etc.; ἔρδειν Hes. Op. 336; διδόναι Od. 16.184; ἀλλʼ ὅ γε δέκτο μὲν ἱρά Il. 2.420, cf. 23.207: less freq. in sg., ὄφρʼ ἱρὸν ἑτοιμασσαίατʼ Ἀθήνῃ 10.571; θῦσαι ἱρά Hdt. 1.59, 8.54, etc.; θυσίας καὶ ἱρὰ ποιέειν Id. 2.63; αἴθειν S. Ph. 1033; ἱ. πατρῷα A. Th. 1015; ἱ. ἐπιχώρια Democr. 259.

b omens afforded by sacrifice

after Hom., omens afforded by sacrifice, τὰ ἱρὰ οὐ προεχώρεε χρηστά Hdt. 5.44; τὰ ἱερὰ καλὰ [ἦν] X. An. 1.8.15; simply οὐκ ἐγίγνετο τὰ ἱ. ib. 2.2.3.

c sacred objects, rites, cult-images

generally, sacred objects or rites, Hdt. 1.172, 4.33; τῶν ὑμετέρων ἱ. καὶ κοινῶν μετεῖχον D. 57.3; of cult-images, IG Rom. 3.800 (syllium).

2 holy place, temple

after Hom., ἱερόν, Ion. ἱρόν, τό, holy place, Hdt. 5.119, al.; opp. νηός, Id. 2.170, cf. Th. 4.90, 5.18; freq. of a temple, ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῷ τεμένεϊ . . ἱρόν κτλ. Hdt. 2.112; of the Jewish temple, LXX 1 Ch. 29.4, Plb. 16.39.4, Str. 16.2.34, Ev.Matt. 24.1.

3 a sacred principle

ἱερὸν τῆς δίκης a sacred principle of right, E. Hel. 1002.

ἱερός, ὁ (sc. μήν), name of month at Delos, IG 1(2).377.22, 11(2).203A 31 (iii B.C.).

ἱεροί, οἱ, members of a religious college or guild, ib. 5(1).1390.1, al. (Andania, i B.C.), prob. in SIG 1010.7 (Chalcedon), etc.; also of women, ἱεραί, αἱ, IG 5(1). l.c., cf. 1511 (Sparta).

= ἱερόδουλος, ib. 1356 (Messenia, V B.C.), Inscr.Perg. 572, GDI 5702.39 (Samos).

special phrases, post-Hom.,

1 oneʼs last hope

prov., ἱ. ἄγκυρα oneʼs last hope, Plu. Praec. 2.815d, Luc. JTr. 51, Fug. 13, Poll. 1.93, Gal. 11.182.

ἱ. βόλος, name of a throw at dice, Eub. 57.1.

ἱ. βοτάνη, v. βοτάνη.

4 last line

ἱ. (sc. γραμμή) (cf. γραμμή III.1), last line of draught-board, κινήσαις τὸν ἀπʼ ἴρας . . λίθον Alc. 82, cf. Epich. 225, Sophr. 127; τὴν ἀφʼ ἱερᾶς (v.l. τὴν ἱεράν) Plu. Cor. 32.

ἱ. ἰχθύς,= ἀνθίας, Arist. HA 620b35, cf. Ath. 7.282e, Plu. Sollert. 2.981d.

ἱ. λόχος, v. λόχος.

7 drawn contest, dead heat

ἱερά (sc. νίκη), ἡ, drawn contest, dead heat (because the prize was assigned to the god), SIG 1073.48 (Olymp.); ποιῆσαι ἱεράν, of the competitor, Wood Ephesus, App. vi p.70; so ἱ. ἀθλήματα Inscr.Olymp. 56; ἱερὸς ὁ στέφανος ἐκρίθη IG 9(2).525 (Larissa); τὸ παγκράτιον ἱ. ἐγένετο ib. 527 (ibid.); ἱερός (sc. ἀγών) ib. 7.2727.19, 24 (Acraeph.): metaph., ἱερὸν ποιῆσαι τὸν στέφανον ‘divide the honours’, Plb. 1.58.5, 29.8.9.

8 epilepsy

ἱ. νόσος epilepsy, Hdt. 3.33, Hp. Morb. Sacr. tit., Thphr. HP 9.11.3, etc., cf. Call. Aet. 3.1.14 [Fr. 75.14 Pf.]: metaph., τὴν οἴησιν ἱ. νόσον ἔλεγε Heraclit. 46 ( = Epicur. Fr. 224).

9 the sacred

ἡ ἱ. ὁδός the sacred road to Delphi, Hdt. 6.34; also, from Athens to Eleusis, Cratin. 61, Paus. 1.36.3, Harp. s.v.; and that from Elis to Olympia, Paus. 5.25.7.

10 os sacrum

ἱ. ὀστέον, os sacrum, the last bone of the spine, Hp. Art. 45, Plu. Sollert. 2.981d, Gal. UP 5.8, etc.

11 sacred duty of an adviser

ἱ. συμβουλή sacred duty of an adviser, Pl. Ep. 321c, X. An. 5.6.4, cf. Pl. Thg. 122b, Luc. Rh.Pr. 1.

12 spinal canal

ἱ. σῦριγξ spinal canal, Poll. 2.180.

ἱερὰ τριήρης, of the Delian ship, or one of the state-ships (Salaminia or Paralos), D. 4.34.

14 Cape St. Vincent

freq. in geographical names, e.g. ἱ ἄκρα, in Lycia, Str. 14.3.8; ἱ. ἀκρωτήριον, in Spain, Cape St. Vincent, Id. 2.4.3; ἱ. κώμη, in Lydia, Plb. 16.1.8; ἱ. νῆσος, one of the Liparean group, Th. 3.88; one of the insulae Aegates, Plb. 1.60.3.

V holily

Adv. -ρῶς holily, ἀποθανεῖν v.l. in Plu. Lyc. 27. [ῐ by nature, but sts. ῑ in Ep., esp. in endings of hexameters, ἱ. ἰχθύς, ἱ. ἦμαρ, ἱερὰ ῥέξας, ἀλφίτου ἱεροῦ ἀκτή, Il. 16.407, 8.66, 1.147, 11.631; ῑερόν in the first foot of a hex., Theoc. 5.22; also in compds. ἱεραγωγός, ἱεροθαλλής, ἱερόφωνος: ῑ always in contr. form ἱρός wh. is used in Ep., Hdt., and some Ion. inscrr., as IG 12(8).265.9 (Thasos), cf. Semon. 7.56, Herod. 4.79, al., but is rarely found in codd. of Hp. (never in Heraclit. or Demo

ἱερός

Where it lives

What it meant

In the wild

Where it came from

Downloads

Ask the librarian