κατά

• downwards

downwards.

A

WITH GEN.,

I down from

denoting motion from above, down from, βῆ δὲ κατʼ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων, κατʼ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων, βαλέειν κ. πέτρης, Il. 22.187, 16.677, Od. 14.399; κατʼ οὐρανοῦ εἰλήλουθας Il. 6.128; καθʼ ἵππων ἀΐξαντε ib. 232; δάκρυα . . κ. βλεφάρων χαμάδις ῥέε 17.438; ἵεις σαυτὸν κ. τοῦ τείχους Ar. V. 355; ἁλόμενοι κ. τῆς πέτρας X. An. 4.2.17; κ. τῶν πετρῶν ὦσαι Pl. Phdr. 229c; κ. κρημνῶν ῥιφέντες Id. Lg. 944a:— for κατʼ ἄκρης v. ἄκρα: Μοῖσα κ. στόματος χέε νέκταρ Theoc. 7.82 (but perh. in sense II.1).

II downward motion

denoting downward motion,

1 down upon, over, upon, down over

down upon or over, κ. χθονὸς ὄμματα πήξας Il. 3.217; of the dying, κατὰ . . ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτʼ ἀχλύς a cloud settled upon the eyes, 5.696, cf. 20.321; τὸν δὲ κατʼ ὀφθαλμῶν . . νὺξ ἐκάλυψεν 13.580; φᾶρος κὰκ κεφαλῆς εἴρυσσε down over . . , Od. 8.85; [κόπρος] κ. σπείους κέχυτο . . πολλή 9.330; ὕδωρ κ. χειρός, v. χείρ; μύρον κ. τῆς κεφαλῆς καταχέαντες Pl. R. 398a; νάρκη μου κ. τῆς χειρὸς καταχεῖται Ar. V. 713; κ. τῆς τραπέζης καταπάσας τέφραν Id. Nu. 177; ξαίνειν κ. τοῦ νώτου πολλὰς [πληγάς] D. 19.197

b along, upon, on

Geom., along, upon, πίπτειν κατʼ [εὐθείας] Archim. Sph.Cyl. 1 Def. 2; αἱ γωνίαι κ. κύκλων περιφερειῶν ἐνεχθήσονται will move on . . , ib. 1.23, al., cf. Aristarch.Sam. 1.

2 down into, under, under, down by, through

down into, νέκταρ στάξε κ. ῥινῶν Il. 19.39; of a dart, κ. γαίης ᾤχετο 13.504, etc.; ἔθηκε κατʼ ὄχθης μείλινον ἔγχος 21.172; ψυχὴ κ. χθονὸς ᾤχετο 23.100; κ. γᾶς underground, Pi. O. 2.59; κατʼ ὕδατος under water, Hdt. 2.149; [ποταμὸς] δὺς κ. τῆς γῆς Pl. Phd. 113c, cf. Ti. 25d; κ. γῆς σύμεναι A. Eu. 1007 (anap.); κ. χθονὸς κρύψαι to bury. S. Ant. 24; ὁ κ. γῆς one dead and buried, X. Cyr. 4.6.5; οἱ κ. χθονὸς θεοί A. Pers. 689, etc.; θεοὶ<οἱ> κ. γᾶς Id. Ch. 475 (lyr.), etc.; so κ. θαλάσσης ἀφανίζεσθα

3 towards, at

later, towards a point, τοξεύειν κ. σκοποῦ to shoot at, Hdn. 6.7.8; κατʼ ἰχνῶν τινος ὁδεύειν Luc. Rh.Pr. 9.

4 by, over

of vows or oaths, by, καθʼ ἡμῶν ὀμνύναι D. 29.26, cf. 54.38; ἐπιορκήσασα κ. τῶν παίδων Lys. 32.13; esp. of the victims, etc., over which the oath is taken, ὀμνυόντων τὸν ἐπιχώριον ὅρκον καθʼ ἱερῶν τελείων Foed. ap. Th. 5.47, cf. Arist. Ath. 29.5, Foed.Delph.Pell. 1A 9, etc.; κ. τῶν νικητηρίων εὐξάμενοι D. Ep. 1.16; also κατʼ ἐξωλείας ὀμνύναι to imprecate destruction on oneself, Id. 21.119; κατʼ ἐξ. ἐπιορκεῖν Id. 57.22.

b towards

to make a vow towards, i.e. make a vow of offering . . , κ. χιλίων εὐχὴν ποιήσασθαι χιμάρων Ar. Eq. 660.

5 against, against

in hostile sense, against, A. Ch. 221, S. Aj. 304, etc.; κ. πάντων φύεσθαι D. 18.19; esp. of judges giving sentence against a person, A. Th. 198, S. Aj. 449, etc.; ψεύδεσθαι κατά τινος Lys. 22.7; λέγειν κατά τινος κακά S. Ph. 65, cf. X. HG 1.5.2, etc.; of speeches, [λόγος] κ. Μειδίου, etc. (opp. πρὸς Λεπτίνην, in reply to L.); δῶρα εἰληφέναι κατά τινος Din. 3.6, cf. 18.

6 for, for

of Time, for, μισθοῦν κ. εἴκοσι ἐτῶν IG 1(2).94.37; κ. βίου for life, Tab.Heracl. 1.50; κὰπ παντὸς χρόνοι IG 9(2).517.20 (Larissa) (but κ. παντὸς τοῦ χρόνου σκέψασθε D. 22.72 falls under 7); κ. παντὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος ἀείμνηστον Lycurg. 7.

7 in respect of, concerning, bestowed on, of, of, of

in respect of, concerning, μὴ κατʼ ἀνθρώπων σκόπει μόνον τοῦτο Pl. Phd. 70d; κ. τῶν ἄλλων τεχνῶν τοιαῦτα εὑρήσομεν Id. Sph. 253b; οἱ κ. Δημοσθένους ἔπαινοι praises bestowed on D., Aeschin. 3.50; ἐρεῖν or λέγειν κατά τινος to say of one, Pl. Ap. 37b, Prt. 323b, etc.; εἰ κ. θηλείας φαίης A.D. Synt. 198.10; εἴπερ ἕν γέ τι ζητεῖς κ. πάντων Pl. Men. 73d, cf. 74b; ὅπερ εἴρηται καθόλου κ. πασῶν τῶν πολιτειῶν Arist. Pol. 1307b2; freq. in the Logic of Arist., κατά τινος λέγεσθαι or κατηγορεῖσθαι to be pr

B

WITH Acc.,

I downwards, down, down, with, to leeward

of motion downwards, κ. ῥόον down stream, Od. 14.254, Il. 12.33; opp. ἀνὰ τὸν ποταμόν, Hdt. 2.96; κ. τὸν ποταμόν, κ. τὸ ὑδάτιον, Id. 1.194, Pl. Phdr. 229a; κατʼ οὖρον ἰέναι, ῥεῖν, down (i.e. with) the wind, A. Th. 690, S. Tr. 468; κ. πνεῦμα, κατʼ ἄνεμον ἵστασθαι to leeward, Arist. HA 535a19, 560b13, Dsc. 4.153.

2 on, over, throughout, to, at, in, in the region of, upon, in

with or without signf. of motion, on, over, throughout a space, freq. in Hom., καθʼ Ἑλλάδα καὶ μέσον Ἄργος Od. 1.344; κατʼ Ἀχαΐδα, κ. Τροίην, Il. 11.770, 9.329; κατʼ ἠερόεντα κέλευθα Od. 20.64; κ. πόντον, κῦμα, ὕλην, Il. 4.276, 6.136, 3.151; κ. πτόλιν Od. 2.383; κ. ἄστυ, οἶκον, Il. 18.286, 6.56; κ. ὅμιλον, στρατόν, 3.36, 1.229; κ. κλισίας τε νέας τε ib. 487; πόλεμον κάτα δακρυόεντα 17.512; κ. ὑσμίνην, μόθον, κλόνον, 5.84, 18.159, 16.331; τὸ ὕδωρ κ. τοὺς ταφροὺς ἐχώρει X. Cyr. 7.5.16, etc. (in la

3 opposite, over against

opposite, over against, κ. Σινώπην πόλιν Hdt. 1.76, cf. 2.148, Th. 2.30, etc.; ἀνὴρ κατʼ ἄνδρα A. Th. 505; μολὼν . . μοι κ. στόμα Id. Ch. 573; κατʼ ὀφθαλμούς τινος LXX 2 Ki. 12.11; οἱ μὲν Ἀθηναῖοι κ. Λακεδαιμονίους ἐγένοντο X. HG 4.2.18; κατʼ Ἀχαιοὺς ἀντετάχθησαν ibid.; ἐν συμποσίῳ . . , περίμενε, μέχρις ἂν γένηται κατὰ σέ Epict. Ench. 15, cf. D.L. 7.108.

II distributively, by, by, by, separately, in separate, to his own, by, individually, at each

distributively, of a whole divided into parts, κρῖνʼ ἄνδρας κ. φῦλα, κ. φρήτρας by tribes, by clans, Il. 2.362; κ. σφέας μαχέονται by themselves, separately, ib. 366, cf. Th. 4.64; ἐσκήνουν κ. τάξεις X. Cyr. 2.1.25; αὐτὴ καθʼ αὑτήν A. Pr. 1013; κ. κώμας κατοικημένοι in separate villages, Hdt. 1.96; κατʼ ἑωυτοὺς ἕκαστοι ἐτράποντο each to his own home, Id. 5.15; κ. πόλεις ἀποπλεῦσαι, διαλυθῆναι, Th. 1.89, 3.1: στρατιὰ κ. ἕνδεκα μέρη κεκοσμημένη Pl. Phdr. 247a; later οἱ κατʼ ἄνδρα λόγοι PLond. 2.25

2 by

of Time, καθʼ ἡμέραν, κατʼ ἦμαρ, day by day, daily, v. ἡμέρα III; καθʼ ἑνιαυτόν, κατʼ ἔτος, Test.Epict. 6.24, Ev.Luc. 2.41, etc.; κ. μῆνα POxy. 275.18 (i A.D.).

3 by, at a time, at a time, individually, detailed list, by, on every, in separate sums of, in column, as many times as

of Numbers, by so many at a time, καθʼ ἕνα one at a time, individually, Hdt. 7.104 (later τὸ καθʼ ἕν detailed list, PTeb. 47.34 (ii B.C.), etc.); κ. μίαν τε καὶ δύο by ones and twos, Hdt. 4.113; δύο μνέαι τεταγμέναι κατʼ ἄνδρα αἰχμάλωτον ἕκαστον Id. 6.79; ἐκ τῶν συμμάχων ἐξελέγετο κατʼ ὀλίγους Id. 8.113; κ. τὰς πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι μνᾶς πεντακοσίας δραχμὰς εἰσφέρειν to pay 500 drachmae on every 25 minae, D. 27.7; κ. διακοσίας καὶ τριακοσίας ὁμοῦ τι τάλαντον διακεχρημένον in separate sums of 200 and

III towards, on, for, after, in search of, for the purpose of, for

of direction towards an object or purpose, πλεῖν κ. πρῆξιν on a business, for or after a matter, Od. 3.72, 9.253; πλάζεσθαι κ. ληΐδα to rove in search of booty, 3.106; κ. ληΐην ἐκπλῶσαι Hdt. 2.152; ἔβη κ. δαῖτα Il. 1.424; ἐπιδημεῖν κατʼ ἐμπορίαν IG 2(2).141.32, cf. Arist. Ath. 11.1; κ. χρέος τινὸς ἐλθεῖν come to seek his help, consult him, Od. 11.479, etc.; ἵεται κ. τὴν φωνήν Hdt. 2.70; κ. θέαν ἥκειν to have come for the purpose of seeing, Th. 6.31; κ. πλοῦν ἤδη ὤν Id. 7.31; καθʼ ἁρπαγὴν ἐσκεδασ

2 after, on

of pursuit, κ. πόδας τινὸς ἐλαύνειν Hdt. 9.89; simply κ. τινά after him, Id. 1.84; ἰέναι κ. τοὺς ἄλλους Id. 9.53; κατʼ ἴχνος on the track, S. Aj. 32, A. Ag. 695 (lyr.); ὥσπερ κατʼ ἴχνη κ. τὰ νῦν εἰρημένα ζῆν Pl. Phd. 115b.

3 in the same, in the same

Geom., in adverbial phrases, κ. κάθετον in the same vertical line, Archim. Quadr. 6; κατʼ εὐθεῖάν τινι in the same straight line with . . , Papp. 58.7.

IV in accordance with, after, as is, for, for, because of, as, for, reason, to the best of, suitably, with, according to

of fitness or conformity, in accordance with, κ. θυμόν Il. 1.136; καθʼ ἡμέτερον νόον after our liking, 9.108; κ. νόον πρήξωμεν Hdt. 4.97; κ. μοῖραν as is meet and right, Il. 1.286; κατʼ αἶσαν, κ. κόσμον, 10.445, 472; κ. νόμον Hes. Th. 417; κὰν νόμον Pi. O. 8.78; κ. τοὺς νόμους IG 2(2).1227.15; αἰτίαν καθʼ ἥντινα for what cause, A. Pr. 228; κατʼ ἔχθραν, κ. φθόνον, for (i.e. because of) hatred, envy, Id. Supp. 336, Eu. 686; καθʼ ἡδονήν τι δρᾶν, ποιεῖν, do as one pleases, Th. 2.37, 53; κ. τὸ ἔχθος

2 in relation to, concerning, military, public, as far as concerns, as far as, am concerned, in, respect, in, way, so far as

in relation to, concerning, τὰ κατʼ ἀνθρώπους = τὰ ἀνθρώπινα, A. Eu. 930, 310; τὰ κ. τὸν Τέλλον Hdt. 1.31; τὰ κ. τὴν Κύρου τελευτήν ib. 214; τὰ κ. πόλεμον military matters, Aeschin. 1.181; αἱ κ. τὴν πόλιν οἰκονομίαι (opp. αἱ πολεμικαὶ πράξεις) the management of public affairs, Din. 1.97; τὰ κ. τὰς θυσίας SIG 506.7 (Delph., iii B.C.); so τὸ κατʼ ὑμέας as far as concerns you, Hdt. 7.158; τὸ κατʼ ἐμέ as far as I am concerned, D. 18.247; κ. τοῦτο in this respect, Hdt. 5.3, etc.; κ. ταὐτά in the same

3 corresponding with, after the fashion of, like, answering to the description of, like, in, rank, of, sort, in, style, was common among

in Comparisons, corresponding with, after the fashion of, κρομύοιο λοπὸν κ. like the coat of an onion, dub. in Od. 19.233; μέλος κ. Φοίνισσαν ἐμπολὰν πέμπεται Pi. P. 2.67; κ. Μιθραδάτην answering to the description of him, Hdt. 1.121; τὴν ἰδέαν κ. πνιγέα like an oven in appearance, Ar. Av. 1001; κηδεῦσαι καθʼ ἑαυτόν to marry in oneʼs own rank of life, A. Pr. 890; οὐ κατʼ ἄνθρωπον φρονεῖν Id. Th. 425; λέγω κατʼ ἄνδρα, μὴ θεόν, σέβειν ἐμέ Id. Ag. 925; οὐ κατὰ σέ none of your sort, Chionid. 1 (but

V by the favour of

by the favour of a god, etc., κ. δαίμονα Pi. O. 9.28, cf. P. 8.68; κ. θεῖον Ar. Eq. 147 codd. (κ. θεὸν Cobet); κ. τύχην τινά D. 48.24.

VI nearly, about, more or less, next to

of round numbers (v. infr. VII.2), nearly, about, κ. χίλια ἑξακόσια ἔτεα 1600 years more or less, Hdt. 2.145, cf. 6.44, al.; κατʼ οὐδέν next to nothing, Pl. Plt. 302b.

VII during, in the course of, by

of Time, during or in the course of a period, κ. τὸν πόλεμον Hdt. 7.137; καθʼ ἡμέραν, κατʼ ἦμαρ, by day, A. Ch. 818, Ag. 668; κατʼ εὐφρόνην Id. Pers. 221; κ. χειμῶνα, κ. θερείαν, PLille 1r14 (iii B.C.), PTeb. 27.60 (ii B.C.).

2 about, about the time of

about, κ. τὸν αὐτὸν τοῦτον χρόνον Hdt. 3.131, etc.; κ. τοὺς θανάτους τῶν βασιλέων Id. 6.58; esp. with names of persons, κ. Ἄμασιν βασιλεύοντα about the time of Amasis, Id. 2.134; κ. τὸν κ. Κροῖσον χρόνον Id. 1.67; οἱ κατʼ ἐκεῖνον (sc. τὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην) ὑμέτεροι πρόγονοι D. 21.146 (v.l. κατʼ ἐκ. τὸν χρόνον) ; κ. τοὺς Ἡρακλείδας X. Lac. 10.8; οἱ καθʼ ἑαυτοὺς ἄνθρωποι their contemporaries, Id. Mem. 3.5.10.

3 this

καθʼ ἕτος this year, SIG 284.24 (Erythrae, iv B.C.), OGI 458.64 (i B.C./iA.D.), CIG 3641b5,38 (Lampsacus).

VIII by, partially, individually, severally, naturally, skilfully, pleasant

periphrastically with abstract Subst., κατʼ ἡσυχίην, κ. τάχος, = ἡσύχως, ταχέως, Hdt. 1.9, 7.178; κ. κράτος by force, X. HG 2.1.19, etc.; κ. μέρος partially, Arist. Po. 1456a16; individually, severally, Pl. Tht. 157b, Lg. 835a; κ. φύσιν naturally, Hdt. 2.38, Pl. R. 428e; κ. τὴν τέχνην skilfully, Luc. Dear.Iud. [DDeor. 20.]7; οὔτʼ ἐμοὶ λέγειν καθʼ ἡδονήν [ἐστι] it is not pleasant for me to tell you, A. Pr. 263.

C

Position: κατά may follow both its cases, and is then written with anastr. κάτα, as Il. 20.221, etc.; so also in tmesi, when it follows its Verb, 17.91.

D downwards, from above, down

abs. as ADV. in all the above senses, esp. like κάτω, downwards, from above, down, freq. in Hom.

E

κατά in COMPOS.,

I downwards, down

downwards, down, as in καταβαίνω, καταβάλλω, κατάκειμαι, καταπέμπω, καταπίπτω, καταπλέω 1.

II in answer to, in accordance with, occino

in answer to, in accordance with, as in κατᾴδω (occino), καταινέω, καταθύμιος.

III against

against, in hostile sense (cf. A.II.5), as in καταγιγνώσκω, κατακρίνω, καταψηφίζομαι: more rarely with a Subst., as καταδίκη.

IV back, back again

back, back again, as in κάτειμι, καταπορεύομαι, καταπλέω II.

V

freq. only to strengthen the notion of the simple word, as in κατακόπτω, κατακτείνω, καταφαγεῖν, etc.; also with Substs. and Adjs., as in κατάδηλος, κάτοξος.

VI be-, be

sts. to give a trans. force to an intr. Verb, our be-, as in καταθρηνέω bewail.

VII waste, consumption, disparaging

implying waste or consumption, as in καταλειτουργέω, καθιπποτροφέω, καταζευγοτροφέω: and generally in a disparaging sense, as in καταγιγνώσκω 1.

F

κατά as a Prep. was shortd. in some dialects, esp. in Ep., into κάγ, κάδ, κάκ, κάμ, κάν, κάπ, κάρ, κάτ, before γ, δ, κ, μ, ν, π (or φ) , ῥ, τ (or θ), respectively; see these forms in their own places. Mss. and the older Edd. join the Prep. with the following word, as καγγόνυ, καδδέ, κακκεφαλῆς, καππεδίον, καπφάλαρα, καρρόον, καττάδε, καττόν, etc. In compd. Verbs, κατά sts. changes into καβ, καλ, καρ, κατ, before β, λ, ρ, θ, respectively, as κάββαλε, κάλλιπε, καρρέζουσα, κάτθανε; and before στ,