καταβάλλω · kataballō — LSJ
throw down, overthrow, κατὰ πρηνὲς βαλέειν Πριάμοιο μέλαθρον Il. 2.414; ἐς μέσσον κ. τι 15.357; ἐνὶ πόντῳ Hes. Th. 189; ἐπʼ ἀκτῆς Il. 23.125 (tm.); ἐπὶ χθονί Hes. Sc. 462, etc.; κ. [τινὰ] ἐνθάδε Od. 6.172; κ. τὰ οἰκήματα, τὰ ἀγάλματα, Hdt. 1.17, 8.109; τεῖχος Th. 7.24; κ. τινὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἵππου X. HG 5.2.41; ἀπʼ ἐλπίδος Pl. Euthphr. 15e; κ. ἐς τὸ μηδέν to bring down to nothing, opp. ἐξᾶραι ὑψοῦ, Hdt. 9.79; κάββαλλε τὸν χείμωνα confound, defy the storm, Alc. 34.3.
κ. ἑαυτόν throw oneself down to sleep, Plu. Caes. 38.
strike down with a weapon, slay, Il. 2.692 (tm.), Hdt. 4.64, etc.; by a blow, κ. πατάξας Lys. 13.71; esp. of slaying victims, E. Or. 1603, Isoc. 2.20; κ. θῦμα δαίμοσιν E. Ba. 1246.
Pass., to be stricken, νόσῳ POxy. 1121.9(iii A.D.).
throw into prison, κ. τινὰ ἐς ἐρκτήν Hdt. 4.146: generally, throw, bring into a certain state, κ. [τινὰ] ἐς ξυμφοράς E. IT 606, Antipho Soph. 58; εἰς ἀπορίαν, εἰς ἀπιστίαν, Pl. Phlb. 15e, Phd. 88c, etc.
overthrow, refute, οἱ -βάλλοντες (sc. λόγοι), title of work by Protagoras: κ. τινά Democr. 125; δόξαν Gal. UP 6.20.
abuse, bully, Phld. Rh. 2.164S.
cast down or away, cast off, reject, Isoc. 12.24: metaph., forget, Ael. Fr. 111; κ. εἴς τι throw away upon a thing, Pl. Lg. 960e:—Pass., οἱ καταβεβλημένοι despicable fellows, Isoc. 12.8; cf. καταβεβλημένως.
let fall, drop, ἀπὸ ἕο κάββαλεν υἱόν Il. 5.343; κάββαλε νεβρόν, of an eagle, 8.249; of a fawning dog, οὔατα κάββαλεν ἄμφω Od. 17.302; ἴουλον ἀπὸ κροτάφων κ. Theoc. 15.85; of sails, καθʼ ἱστία λευκὰ βαλόντες Thgn. 671; τἀκάτια Epicr. 10; κατʼ ὀφθαλμοὺς βαλεῖ A. Ch. 574; τὰς ὀφρῦς κ. E. Cyc. 167; κ. τὰ κέρατα droop their feelers, Arist. HA 590b26: in Politics, abandon a measure, καταβάλλοντʼ ἐᾶν ἐν ὑπωμοσίᾳ D. 18.103.
lay down, set down, κρεῖον μέγα κάββαλεν ἐν πυρὸς αὐγῇ Il. 9.206, cf. Ar. Ach. 165, V. 727, etc.
lay down, lay in stores, κ. σιτία Hdt. 7.25:—Pass., κὰτ ἄσπιδες βεβλήμεναι stored up, Alc. 15.5.
pay down, yield, bring in, ἡ λίμνη καταβάλλει ἐπʼ ἡμέρην ἑκάστην τάλαντον ἐκ τῶν ἰχθύων Hdt. 2.149; τὰς ἐπικαρπίας τῇ πόλει And. 1.92, cf. Lexib. 93.
pay, τἀργύριον Th. 1.27; τριώβολον Amips. 13; ἀρραβῶνα Men. 743, cf. PRev.Laws 48.10 (iii B.C.), etc.; τιμήν τινι ὑπέρ τινος Pl. Lg. 932d, Luc. Vit.Auct. 25; τέλη GDI 5018a17 (Gortyn), PHib. 29.6 (iii B.C.); λύτρα GDI 5151.8 (Cret., found at Delphi); καταβαλών σοι δραχμὴν τῶν βοτρύων for them, Philostr. Her.Praef. 1; κ. ζημίαν pay up, discharge a fine, D. 24.83, cf. 59.27:—later in Med., μισθὸν καταβαλέσθαι Alciphr. 1.12.
put in, deposit, in Pass., εἰ ἡ μαρτυρία κατεβάλλετο ἐνταῦθα D. 34.46:—but usu. in Med., deposit, γράμματα εἰς κιβωτόν BCH 25.100 (Tlos), cf. IG 12(1).3.15 (Rhodes); ψευδεῖς γραφὰς εἰς τὰ δημόσια γράμματα Docum. ap. D. 18.55; λόγους IG 7.2850 (Haliartus); δόγμα GDI 5182.10 (Cret., found at Teos).
throw down seed, sow, Men. Georg. 37, cf. καταβλητέον; κ. τὸ σπέρμα, of the male, Epicur. Nat. 908.1:—Pass., Placit. 5.7.4, Sor. 1.33, Ocell. 4.14: metaph., σπέρμα κ. τοιούτων πραγμάτων D. 24.154; κ. φάτιν ὡς . . spread abroad a rumour, Hdt. 1.122, cf. E. HF 758 (lyr.).
lay down as a foundation, mostly in Med., τὴν τῆς ναυπηγίας ἀρχὴν καταβαλλόμενος Pl. Lg. 803a: esp. metaph., -βαλλομένα μέγαν οἶκτον beginning a lament (cf. infr. 8), E. Hel. 164 (lyr.); Ἀρίστιππος τὴν Κυρηναϊκὴν φιλοσοφίαν κατεβάλετο Str. 17.3.22; καταβαλέσθαι τοὐπτάνιον Sosip. 1.39; ἐξ ἀρχῆς καινὴν νομοθεσίαν D.S. 12.20; τὴν Στωϊκῶν αἵρεσιν Plu. Alex. fort. 2.329a: hence generally, to be the author of, commit to writing, ἱστορικὰς καταβαλόμενοι πραγματείας D.H. 1.1; λόγον Darius ap. D.L. 9.13;
c. inf., γάμον καταβάλλομʼ ἀείδειν I begin my song of, Call. Fr. 196.
Pass., lie down, εἰς εὐνάν Theoc. 18.11.
like καταβαίνω II.1, arrive at in a course of lectures, εἰς Γοργίαν Dam. Isid. 54.
intr., fall, εἰς φθόνον καὶ ἀπορίαν Pl. Ep. 344c.