firmo — Lewis & Short
firmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.firmus,
I to make firm or fast, to strengthen, fortify, support (freq. and class.).
I Lit.:
lacertos,Lucr. 6, 397:
corpora juvenum firmari labore voluerunt,Cic. Tusc. 2, 15, 36:
corpora cibo,Liv. 27, 13 fin.:
vexatos milites quiete,Curt. 9, 10:
praegnantes largo pascuo,Col. 6, 27, 10:
bitumen aeramentis illinitur firmatque ea contra ignes,Plin. 35, 15, 51, § 182:
remedium ad dentium mobilĭs firmandos,id. 21, 31, 105, § 180:
aestuaria aggeribus et pontibus,Tac. A. 4, 73:
vestigia,Verg. A. 3, 659:
gradum,Quint. 9, 4, 129:
alvum solutam,to bind, Cels. 1, 3; Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117.—
II Trop.
A In gen., to fortify, strengthen, secure; to make lasting, durable, permanent:
(Romulus) urbem auspicato condere, et firmare dicitur primum cogitavisse rem publicam,Cic. Rep. 2, 3; cf.:
urbem colonis firmare,id. ib. 2, 18; so,
novam civitatem,id. ib. 2, 7:
provinciam pace praesidiisque,id. Fam. 1, 7, 4:
locum magnis munitionibus,Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 3:
turres praesidiis,Sall. J. 23, 1:
aditum urbis,Verg. A. 11, 466:
aciem subsidiis,Liv. 9, 17, 15:
latronum opes firmare atque augere,Cic. Off. 2, 11, 40;
in aliquos imperium,id. Sull. 11, 32:
vocem,id. de Or. 3, 61, 227:
firmari consuetudine,Quint. 11, 3, 24:
quorum (hominum) cum adolescentiae cupiditates defervissent, eximiae virtutes firmata jam aetate exstiterunt,Cic. Cael. 18, 43; cf.:
animus adolescentis nondum consilio ac ratione firmatus,id. Clu. 6, 13:
firmata stirpe virtutis,id. Cael. 32, 79:
pacem amicitiamque,Liv. 9, 3, 10:
memoria praecipue firmatur atque alitur exercitatione,Quint. 1, 1, 36; so,
memoriam,id. 2, 4, 15:
opinio omnium gentium firmata consensu,Cic. Div. 1, 1, 1:
non tamen pro firmato stetit magistratus ejus jus,Liv. 4, 7, 3.—
B In partic.
1 To strengthen in resolution, to encourage, animate:
cujus adventus Pompeianos compressit nostrosque firmavit, ut, etc.,Caes. B. C. 3, 65, 2:
donec firmaret consilio patres auctor,Hor. C. 3, 5, 46: suos, Just. 2, 11:
plebem hinc provocatione, hinc tribunicio auxilio,Liv. 3, 55:
cunctos alloquio et cura sibique et proelio,Tac. A. 1, 71:
animum exemplis,id. ib. 16, 35:
animum praesenti pignore,Verg. A. 3, 611:
firmatus animi,Sall. Hist. Fragm. 3, 24, p. 236 ed. Gerl. (ap. Arus. Mess. p. 232 ed. Lindem.).—
2 In fidelity, to make sure of, secure:
civitates obsidibus,Hirt. B. G. 8, 27.—
3 to confirm, show, prove; to affirm, assert, declare, promise the correctness or truth of a circumstance, statement, etc. (less freq. than confirmo, affirmo):
cum intelligat, quam multa firmentur jure jurando,Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 16:
si vis et natura fati ex divinationis ratione firmabitur,id. Fat. 5, 11:
firmatam dare fidem,Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 45; so,
fidem,Ter. And. 3, 1, 4; id. Hec. 4, 2, 5:
vix quidquam firmare ausim,Tac. A. 1, 81; 6, 6; id. H. 2, 9:
hoc genus in rebus firmandum est multa prius quam Ipsius rei rationem reddere possis,to prove, Lucr. 6, 917:
da augurium, atque haec omina firma,Verg. A. 2, 691; so,
numina,id. ib. 8, 78.—
(b) With object-clauses:
seque et ibi futurum, ubi praescripserit et ea facturum, quae imperarit obsidibus datis firmat,Hirt. B. G. 8, 48, 9; cf.:
paratis omnium animis reversuros firmaverunt,Tac. H. 2, 9:
firmare necesse est, nil esse in promptu, etc.,Lucr. 6, 940.—In pass. with a subject-clause:
sata bene provenire firmantur,Pall. 11, 12.