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The corpus record — Latin

totus

totus

the whole of, all

Generated live from the audited Latin corpus — every figure on this page is a database query, not prose from memory.

Where it lives

Densest 12 of 307 attested works shown, by occurrences per 10,000 attested tokens.

What it meant

1. totus — de Vaan

totus 'the whole of, all' [adj. o/a\ (Andr.+) The etymology *touH-eto~ 'stuffed' accepted by WH is a moot possibility; the assumed semantic shift from 'stuffed' to 'whole' is neither trivial nor convincing. Zimmer 1985 discusses all previous attempts to etymologize totus, and finds them unconvincing. His own solution *to-ie/ot^o~ 'sich fest dazu stellend, vollstandig' (to PIE *iet-) is hardly more plausible: the … — [de Vaan, s.v. totus, p. 639]

2. tōtus — Lewis & Short

tōtus, a, um (

I gen. tōtīus, but scanned tōtĭus, Lucr. 1, 984; 3, 97; 3, 275; 3, 989; 4, 1028; 5, 477 al.; collat. form of the gen.: toti familiae, Afran. ap. Prisc. p. 694 P.; dat. toti; but masc.: toto exercitui, Caes. B. G. 7, 89: toto orbi, Prop. 3, 11 (4, 10), 57; fem.: totae familiae, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 103 Müll.: totae insulae, Nep. Tim. 3, 2; and: totae rei, Auct. Her. ap. Prisc. p. 678 P.), all, all the (denoting a thing in its entireness), the whole, entire, total.
I In gen.: ut unum opus, totum atque perfectum ex omnibus totis atque perfectis absolveret, Cic. Univ. 5 fin.: cui senatus totam rem publicam, omnem Italiae pubem, cuncta populi Romani arma commiserat, id. Mil. 23, 61: totum corpus rei publicae, id. Off. 1, 25, 85: omne caelum, totamque cum universo mari terram mente complexus, id. Fin. 2, 34, 112: ut totā mente atque omnibus artubus contremiscam, id. de Or. 1, 26, 121: universā re et totā sententiā dissidere, id. Fin. 4, 1, 2: aedes totae confulgebant, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 44; cf. id. Most. 1, 2, 68: eant per totam caveam, id. ib. prol. 66: pervigilat noctes totas, id. Aul. 1, 1, 33: eāque totā nocte continenter ierunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 26: ut Romae per totam urbem vigiliae haberentur, Sall. C. 30, 7: cum tota se luna sub orbem solis subjecisset, Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25; 1, 36, 57: et ipsa Peloponnesus fere tota in mari est, id. ib. 2, 4, 8.—In abl., without in: concursabat urbe totā maxima multitudo, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 35, § 93; so, urbe totā, id. Rosc. Am. 9, 23: totā Asiā, id. Phil. 11, 2, 6; id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7: totā Siciliā, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 120: totā Italiā, Caes. B. C. 1, 2: totā provinciā, id. ib. 2, 18: toto caelo, Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95 al.; cf. Hand, Turs. III. p. 248 sq.; Haase ad Reisig, Vorles. p. 708; Zumpt, Gram. § 482. — Less freq. with in: totāque in Italiā, Cic. Div. 1, 35, 78: in Siciliā totā, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 1: in toto inperio, id. Lig. 3, 7: in toto orbe terrarum, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 99: in totā vitā, id. Tusc. 4, 13, 29: in toto imperio tuo, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 11, § 32: toto in orbe terrarum, Liv. 37, 10, 25: totā in civitate, id. 29, 14, 8.—
B Esp. in agreement with subj. where we use an adv. qualifying the verb, etc., altogether, wholly, entirely: tota sum misera in metu, Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 59; cf.: Ctesipho in amore est totus, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 50: nescio quid meditans nugarum, totus in illis, Hor. S. 1, 9, 2: totus et mente et animo in bellum insistit, applied himself wholly, Caes. B. G. 6, 5: qui esset totus ex fraude et mendacio factus, Cic. Clu. 26, 72: virtus in usu sui tota posita est, id. Rep. 1, 2, 2: sum totus vester, id. Fam. 15, 7; cf. id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 3: Catoni studio meo me totum ab adulescentiā dedidi, id. Rep. 2, 1, 1; cf.: homines qui se totos tradiderunt voluptatibus, id. Lael. 23, 86; id. Att. 14, 11, 2: falsum est id totum, id. Rep. 2, 15, 28. —
II Neutr. absol.
A Subst., all, the whole, opp. dimidium, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 33; Sen. Apocol. 8; opp. pars, Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 14, 21: totum in eo est, tectorium ut concinnum sit, all depends on this, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 1, § 1: totum in eo sit, ne contractentur pocula, Col 12, 4, 3. —
B Adverb. phrases with a prep.
1 Ex toto, wholly, completely, entirely, altogether, totally (post-Aug.): creta ex toto repudianda est, Col. 5, 8, 6; 5, 6, 17; 2, 20, 2; Curt. 8, 6, 23; Sen. Ira, 1, 12, 6; 2, 6, 3; 3, 12, 4; 3, 42, 1; id. Ep. 75, 11; Plin. 11, 17, 17, § 54; Cels. 1, 4 fin.; 3, 14 init.; 8, 20 med.; 7, 4, 3 and 9; 7, 10 fin.; 8, 2; Ov. P. 4, 8, 72; Sen. Contr. 1, 8, 8; 3, 16, 24.—*
2 In toto, upon the whole, in general, generally, Cic. Att. 13, 20, 4.—
3 In totum (post-Aug.).
a Wholly, entirely, altogether, totally: res in totum diversa, Plin. 31, 7, 42, § 90; id. praef. § 26; 2, 90, 92, § 205; 10, 4, 5, § 16; 25, 4, 17, § 36; 35, 2, 2, § 4; Quint. 3, 9, 58; 4, 1, 63; 4, 1, 72; 7, 1, 31; Col. 1, 7, 2; 2, 1, 2; Sen. Ira, 1, 17, 7; id. Ep. 72, 6; id. Q. N. 2, 27, 3; Just. 32, 1, 9.—
b Upon the whole, in general: in totum praecipimus: ut, etc., Col. 11, 2, 80; 3, 2, 31.

3. tŏtus — Lewis & Short

tŏtus, a, um, adj.tot,

I so great a (very rare): quotcumque pedum spatia facienda censueris, totam partem longitudinis et latitudinis duces, Col. 5, 3, 5: tota pars, Manil. 3, 416.

4. totus — Walde–Hofmann

totus, -a, -um (Gen. totíus, Dat. toti wie bei den Demonstrativa; daneben nach der 2. Dekl. Gen. tóti, Dat. tötö, Gen. Dat. ?ótae) „ganz* (tötum, à n. „das Ganze* [in tötö, in totum, per tótum]); »gänzlich, mit Leib und Seele“; Pl. „alle“ (seit Plaut., rom. neben tóttus); totietas f. Rustic. (nach medietas, Ernout-Meillet? 1049): aus 696 toxicum — trahs. *touetos ,vollgestopft" zu *toweo „stopfe voll“ (Brugmann Tot, … — [Walde–Hofmann, s.v. totus, p. 1603]

Where it came from

  • de Vaan, Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Brill 2008) Treated in de Vaan, Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Brill 2008) s.v. totus (scan pp. 639-640; entry #1832). Root candidates: *iet-, *teuh2-.
  • Ernout-Meillet, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue latine Treated in Ernout-Meillet, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue latine s.v. totus (scan p. 721; entry #11999).
  • Walde-Hofmann, Lateinisches etymologisches Worterbuch Treated in Walde-Hofmann, Lateinisches etymologisches Worterbuch s.v. totus (scan pp. 1603-1604; entry #3053).

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Latin text and lemmatization derived from the Perseus Digital Library (canonical-latinLit), CC BY-SA 4.0. Lewis & Short (public domain) via Perseus. This derived data is shared under the same CC BY-SA 4.0 license.