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The corpus record

ὄκνος

oknos

1 1065 The initial 6- has been explained as a case of vowel assimilation since S

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Where it lives

Densest 12 of 19 attested works shown, by occurrences per 10,000 attested tokens.

What it meant

1. ὄκνος · oknos — Beekes

ὄκνος 1 1065 The initial 6- has been explained as a case of vowel assimilation since Schmidt KZ 32 (1893): 374, but this is unnecessary: one may assume an o-grade, as does Beekes Sprache 18 (1972): 21, who departs from a nominative *h,ou-i-dn that was subsequently thematicized. By others, it has been combined with » οἶμα, » οἶστρος, » ὀιστός and connected with the root *Heis- ‘to put in vehement motion’, but this is … — [Beekes, s.v. ὄκνος, p. 1116]

2. ὄκνος · oknos — Beekes

ὄκνος 1 [m.] ‘hesitation, doubt, shyness’ (1].). *COMP Also as a second member, e.g. G-oxvoc [adj.], -ως [adv.] ‘without hesitation, determined’ (IA, Hes.), with doxv-ia [f.] ‘determination’ (Hp.). *DER Adjective ὀκν-ηρός ‘hesitant, doubtful, arousing doubt’ (Pi., IA), whence -npia [f.] = ὄκνος (LXX, pap. VIP), -ηρεύω [v.] ‘to inspire doubt’ (LXX); in the same mg. also ὀκν-ηλός (Theognost.), -ὥδης (Dionys. Av.), … — [Beekes, s.v. ὄκνος, p. 1116]

3. ὄκνος · oknos — Beekes

ὄκνος 2 [m.] name of a big bird, family of the heron, perhaps ‘bittern’ (Arist. Paus., Ael.), «Ὁ» *ETYM Identical with » ὄκνος 1? The name clearly refers to the motionlessness of the bird by day. — [Beekes, s.v. ὄκνος, p. 1117]

4. ὄκνος · oknos — Chantraine

1 ὄκνος : “hésitation, timidité» et même parfois e crainte » (1]., ion.-alt., etc.). Second terme de composé : &-oxvoc, adv. -ῶς «sans hésitation, sans crainte» (Hés., ion.-att.) d'où ἀοκνία «Hp. Épid. 6,4,18); ἀνόκνως est tardif ; en outre, p. ex. δυσόκνως « avec beaucoup de paresse » (M. Ant., etc.). Dérivés : ὀκνηρός «timide, hésitant » (Pi., ion.-att.), «qui fait hésiter, inquièter » (S. Œd. R. 834), d'où … — [Chantraine, s.v. ὄκνος, p. 807]

5. ὄκνος · oknos — Chantraine

2 ὄκνος : m., variété de héron, « butor » (Arist. H.4. 617 a, Anton. Liber. 7,6) appelé aussi ἀστερίας. Et: Fick a posé ἔδγκνος qui serait tiré de ὀγκάομαι «crier», ce qui est phonétiquement difficile. Comme le pense Frisk, le mot est finalement identique au précédent et s'explique par le fait que le butor reste immobile pendant 1e jour. — [Chantraine, s.v. ὄκνος, p. 807]

6. ὄκνος · oknos — Frisk

2. ὄκνος m. N. eines großen Vogels des Reihergeschlechts, etwa “Rohrdommel’ (Arist., Paus., Ael.). — Mit 1. ὄκνος identisch; die Benennung bezieht sich offenbar auf die Unbeweglichkeit des Vogels am Tage. — Nach Fick 1, 368 mit Dissimilation aus *öyxvos zu öyxdouaı ‘schreien’ wegen des Paarungsgeschreis des Männchens; semantisch ebensogut möglich, aber lautlich und morphologisch schwieriger. ἢ EG Ἧ Eee 7 200 PR — [Frisk, s.v. ὄκνος, p. 1346]

7. ὄκν-ος · okn-os — LSJ

shrinking, hesitation

shrinking, hesitation, οὔτε τί με δέος ἴσχει ἀκήριον οὔτε τις ὄ. Il. 5.817 (answering to κάματος in 811), cf. 13.224 ; οὔτʼ ὄκνῳ εἴκων οὔτʼ ἀφραδίῃσι νόοιο 10.122, cf. A. Th. 54, S. Ant. 243 ; ὄ. τις καὶ μέλλησις Th. 7.49 ; ἀμαθία μὲν θράσος, λογισμὸς δὲ ὄ. φέρει Id. 2.40, etc. ; τὸν μὲν ὄ. ψόγον, τὸν δὲ πόνον ἔπαινον ἡγουμένη Isoc. 1.7 : hence,

2 alarm, fear, grudge, hesitate

simply, alarm, fear, A. Ag. 1009 (lyr.), S. Ph. 225 : c. gen., τοῦ μάλιστʼ ὄ. σʼ ἔχει Id. OC 652 : in pl., ἀναβολαὶ καὶ ὄκνοι Pl. Lg. 768e, cf. D. 18.246 :— Constr. : c. gen., τοῦ πόνου γὰρ οὐκ ὄ. [ἐστί] I grudge not labour, S. Ph. 887, cf. OC l.c. : c. inf., παρέσχεν ὄ. μὴ ἐλθεῖν made them hesitate to . . , Th. 3.39 ; ὄ. ἦν ἀνίστασθαι X. An. 4.4.11 ; ὄ. πρός τι Pl. Lg. 665d.

II

Ὄκνος personified, as title of picture by Polygnotus, Paus. 10.29.2, Plin. HN 35.137, cf. D.S. 1.97.

III

ὄ. χαλκοῦς, a seat used by women in Bithynia, Suid.

IV

= ἀστερίας II.1, Arist. HA 617a5, Ael. NA 5.36, Ant.Lib. 7.6.

In the wild

6 of 33 attestations shown. Ask for more.

Where it came from

  • Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill 2010) Treated in Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill 2010) s.v. ὄκνος (scan pp. 1116-1117; entry #4491).
  • Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque Treated in Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque s.v. ὄκνος (scan p. 807; entry #5843).
  • Frisk, Griechisches etymologisches Worterbuch Treated in Frisk, Griechisches etymologisches Worterbuch s.v. ὄκνος (scan p. 1346; entry #4215).

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