LOGOI

The corpus record

ὄφρα

ophra

so long as, until; in order that

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Where it lives

Densest 12 of 14 attested works shown, by occurrences per 10,000 attested tokens.

What it meant

1. ὄφρα · ophra — Beekes

ὄφρα [adv., conj.] ‘so long as, until; in order that’; in correlation τόφρα ‘so long as, meanwhile’ (IL); on the use in Hom. see Bolling Lang. 25 (1949): 379ff. «IE *-b'r-> sETYM From relative ὁ- and demonstrative to-, perhaps comparable to Arm. erb ‘when? (IE *h,e-b'r-), ToA ku-pre ‘when’, té-prem ‘so much’, etc. Ehrenfellner KZ 107 (1994): 101-104 explains the second member as the zero grade of *b*er- ‘to bear’ as … — [Beekes, s.v. ὄφρα, p. 1186]

2. ὄφρα · ophra — Chantraine

ὄφρα : adv. relatif et conjonetion temporelle et finale « aussi longtemps que, jusqu'à ce que », avec, suivant les cas, l'indicatif, le subj. avec ἄν ou xev, etc. ; «afin que» avec le subj. seul (Hom., ép.), exceptionnellement valant τόφρα IL 15,547. Le corrélatif est τόφρα. Sur l'emploi de ce mot, cf. Chantraine, Gr. Hom. %,262 sq., P. Monteil, Phrase relative 308-316 avec la bibliographie. — [Chantraine, s.v. ὄφρα, p. 859]

3. ὄφρα · ophra — Frisk

ὄφρα relat. Adv. und Konj. ‘solange als, bis; damit’; damit in Korrelation τόφρα “solange, unterdessen’ (ep. poet. seit ἢ,; zum Gebrauch bei Hom. Bolling Lang. 25, 379ff.). — Vom Relat. 6- (mit Hauchdiss.) bzw. Demonstr. το- und einem dem Ursprung nach unklaren Hinterglied; wohl zu arm. erb “wann?” (idg. *e-bhr-), toch. A ku-pre ‘wenn’, tä-prem ‘so vie? u.a. — Lit. bei Schwyzer 631, dazu v. Windekens Lex. etym. s. … — [Frisk, s.v. ὄφρα, p. 1426]

4. ὄφρᾰ · ophra — LSJ

A that, in order that

Final Conj., that, in order that:

I

with subj.,

1

after primary tenses and imper., Il. 1.524, 4.205, al.; so also ὄ. κε 22.382, etc.; ὄφρʼ ἄν Od. 17.10, 18.364; ὄ. μή Il. 1.118, etc.; ἴομεν, ὄ. κε θᾶσσον ἐγείρομεν ὀξὺν Ἄρηα (where ἴομεν, ἐγείρομεν are Ep. for ἴωμεν, ἐγείρωμεν) 2.440; so ὄ. . . ἱερεύσομεν, for -ωμεν, 6.308, etc.; so also ὄ. . . αἰνέσω Pi. O. 7.15; ὄ. . . κελαδῆτον Id. P. 11.9; ὄ. βάσομεν . . ἵκωμαί τε Id. O. 6.23 (where βάσομεν is prob. aor. subj.); ὄ. μήσεται B. 17.42; but Hom. thrice uses it with fut. ind., ὄφρα καὶ Ἕκτωρ εἴσε

2

after past tenses, Il. 1.158, 444, 5.128, Od. 3.15, 6.173, 9.13, Pi. P. 4.92, A.R. 1.16, 3.1307, 4.908.

II

with opt. after past tenses, Il. 4.300, Od. 1.261, etc.: rarely ὄφρα κε or ὄφρʼ ἄν with opt., Il. 12.26, Od. 17.298.

B

Temporal conj.:

I so long as, while

so long as, while,

1

commonly with impf., ἀνδρῶν . . ἄριστος ἔην Τελαμώνιος Αἴας, ὄφρʼ Ἀχιλεὺς μήνιεν Il. 2.769, cf. Od. 20.136, al.: the correlat. τόφρα or τόφρα δέ . . commonly follows in apodosi, as ὄ. μὲν ἠὼς ἦν καὶ ἀέξετο ἱερὸν ἦμαρ, τόφρα δὲ . . 9.56, cf. Il. 4.220, 9.550, 15.343, etc.

2

with subj., and usu. with ἄν, κε or κεν, 6.113, Od. 2.124, etc.: also pleon., ὄφρʼ ἂν μέν κεν ὁρᾷς, with τόφρα in apodosi, Il. 11.202, cf. Od. 5.361, 6.259; but τόφρα precedes in Od. 2.124: sts. without ἄν, κε or κεν, Il. 4.346, Od. 15.81, etc.: in Il. 24.554 κεῖται (so codd. with v.l. κῆται) is subj.

II until

until:

1 till at last

with aor. ind., of a fact in past time, ὄ. καὶ αὐτὼ κατέκταθεν till at last they too were slain, Il. 5.557, cf. 588, 10.488, 13.329, Od. 5.57, 7.141, etc.; with τόφρα preceding, 4.289.

2 till

with aor. subj., of an event at an uncertain future time, ἔχει κότον, ὄ. τελέσσῃ he bears malice till he shall have satisfied it, Il. 1.82, cf. 14.87, 16.10: but in this case ἄν (κε or κεν) is commonly added, 6.258, 10.444, Od. 4.588, etc.; with τόφρα preceding, Il. 1.509.

3

with opt., of an event future in relation to past time, νωλεμέως δʼ ἐχόμην, ὄφρʼ ἐξεμέσειεν Od. 12.437, cf. 3.285, Il. 10.571.

III for a while

used for τόφρα or τέως (cf. ἕως B), for a while, only in Il. 15.547.

IV as far as, up to

ὄ. ποτὶ στόμα Θερμώδοντος as far as, up to, A.R. 2.805.

In the wild

6 of 382 attestations shown. Ask for more.

Where it came from

  • Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill 2010) Treated in Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill 2010) s.v. ὄφρα (scan p. 1186; entry #4751).
  • Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque Treated in Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque s.v. ὄφρα (scan p. 859; entry #6179).
  • Frisk, Griechisches etymologisches Worterbuch Treated in Frisk, Griechisches etymologisches Worterbuch s.v. ὄφρα (scan p. 1426; entry #4435).

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