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The corpus record

σίδηρος

sideros

iron, steel

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Where it lives

Densest 12 of 34 attested works shown, by occurrences per 10,000 attested tokens.

What it meant

1. σΐδηρος · sidēros — Beekes

σΐδηρος [m.] ‘iron, steel’, also ‘iron tool, sword, iron weapon, etc.’, metaph. ‘(iron) toughness’ (Π.). VAR Fem. in Nic. Th. 923; Dor. -ἄρος. *COMP E.g. σιδηρότφρων ‘iron-minded’ (A., E.), σιδηρο-κόντρα [f.] ‘hunting spear’ (Gortyn, Sagalassos), ὁλο-σίδηρος ‘made completely of iron’ (Attica, Delos, etc.). *DER Doric forms are not indicated separately: σιδήρ-ιον [n.] ‘iron tool’ (IA, Cret.), τίσκος [m.] a … — [Beekes, s.v. σΐδηρος, p. 1380]

2. σίδηρος · sidēros — Chantraine

σίδηρος : dor., etc. -äpos m. (f. Nic. Th. 923, n. pl. Aret.) «fer, objet de fer» (jante, faux, épée, armes en général), symbole de la dureté, cf. Pi. fr. 123 : (ἐκ) σιδάρου χεχάλκευται .... καρδίαν (Hom., ion.-att., etc.). Composés assez nombreux, chacun étant rarement attesté, surtout en poésie : σιδηροτβρώς «qui mord sur le fer » (S.), -xuñc « abattu par le fer » (S.), -κόντραι « lutte avec des épieux à pointe de … — [Chantraine, s.v. σίδηρος, p. 1022]

3. σίδηρος · sidēros — Frisk

σίδηρος. Gegen Anknüpfung an oiön auch Dreßler 8.0. 186. — [Frisk, s.v. σίδηρος, p. 2304]

4. σίδηρος · sidēros — LSJ

iron

iron, σ. πολιός Il. 9.366, Od. 24.168; ἰόεις Il. 23.850; μέλας Hes. Op. 151; αἴθων Il. 4.485, al.; πολύκμητος 6.48, al., cf. Od. 9.393; as an article of traffic, οἰνίζοντο . . Ἀχαιοί, ἄλλοι μὲν χαλκῷ, ἄλλοι δʼ αἴθωνι σ. Il. 7.473; πλέων . . μετὰ χαλκόν· ἄγω δʼ αἴθωνα σίδηρον Od. 1.184; χαλκός τε χρυσός τε πολύκμητός τε σ., of treasures, Il. 11.133, al.; as a prize, 23.261, 850; Σκύθης σ., because brought from the Euxine, A. Th. 818; ὁ πόντιος ξεῖνος . . θηκτὸς σ. ib. 942 (lyr.).

2 hardness, stubborn force, firmness, steadfastness

freq. as a symbol of hardness (cf. σιδήρεος I.2), or of stubborn force, Il. 20.372, Od. 19.494; ὀφθαλμοὶ ὡσεὶ κέρα ἕστασαν ἠὲ σ. ib. 211; οὔ σφι λίθος χρὼς οὐδὲ σ. Il. 4.510; ἐκ σ. κεχάλκευται . . καρδίαν Pi. Fr. 123.4, cf. S. Fr. 658; ἦσθα πέτρος ἢ σ. E. Med. 1279 (lyr.), cf. Pl. Lg. 666c; also of firmness, steadfastness, πέτρης ὅ γʼ ἔχων νόον ἠὲ σ. Mosch. 4.44, cf. Ach.Tat. 5.22.

II anything made of iron, iron tool, implement, arrow-head, sword, knife, axe-head, arms, knife, sickle, fishing-hooks, irons, fetters

anything made of iron, iron tool or implement, for husbandry, Il. 4.485, cf. 23.834: also of weapons, arrow-head, 4.123; sword or knife, 18.34, 23.30; αὐτὸς γὰρ ἐφέλκεται ἄνδρα σ. Od. 16.294, cf. E. Or. 966 (lyr.); axe-head, Od. 19.587: generally, arms, οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι σ. κατέθεντο Th. 1.6; ὅπλοις τε καὶ σιδήρῳ διώξειν OGI 532.25 (Galatia, i B.C.): also, knife, sickle, Hes. Op. 387: pl., fishing-hooks, Theoc. 21.49; irons, fetters, Aret. SD 2.12, Tz. H. 13.302; cf. σιδήριον.

III place for selling iron, smithy, cutlerʼs shop

place for selling iron, smithy or cutlerʼs shop, ἀγαγόντα εἰς τὸν σ. X. HG 3.3.7.

In the wild

6 of 60 attestations shown. Ask for more.

Where it came from

  • Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill 2010) Treated in Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill 2010) s.v. σίδηρος (scan p. 1380; entry #5502).
  • Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque Treated in Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque s.v. σίδηρος (scan pp. 1022-1023; entry #7223).
  • Frisk, Griechisches etymologisches Worterbuch Treated in Frisk, Griechisches etymologisches Worterbuch s.v. σίδηρος (scan p. 2304; entry #7913).

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