ζημία (zemia)

Where it lives

Hipparchus 14 · 62.11/10k
Philippians 2 · 12.52/10k
Constitution of the Lacedaemonians 3 · 6.17/10k
Ichneutae 1 · 5.82/10k
Ways and Means 2 · 5.23/10k
Apology 1 · 5/10k
Laws 49 · 4.75/10k
Libation Bearers 2 · 3.72/10k
Prometheus Bound 2 · 3.4/10k
Agesilaus 2 · 2.72/10k
Rhetoric 11 · 2.56/10k
Memorabilia 9 · 2.52/10k

Densest 12 of 35 attested works shown, by occurrences per 10,000 attested tokens.

What it meant — LSJ

loss, damage, loss, as loss

loss, damage, Epich. 148; opp. κέρδος, Lys. 7.12, Pl. Lg. 835b, Arist. EN 1132b12; ζημίαν or -ίας λαβεῖν to sustain loss, S. Fr. 807, D. 11.11; ζ. ποιεῖν Ar. Pl. 1124; ζ. ἐργάζεσθαι Is. 6.20 (unless in signf. I.2); ζ. φέρειν τῇ πόλει Pl. Lg. l.c.; ζ. εἶναι νομίζειν consider as loss, Isoc. 3.50, Is. 7.23; ζ. πλείονα ὑπομένειν τῆς τιμῆς PFlor. 142.8 (iii A.D.).

2 delict

ζ. ἐργάζεσθαι, of a slave, be guilty of a delict, Is. 6.20 (v. supr.), Hyp. Ath. 22.

II penalty, fine

penalty in money, fine, ζημίην ἀποτίνειν Hdt. 2.65, cf. PHal. 1.195 (iii B.C.); ἐκτίνειν Pl. Lg. 774e; ἱρὴν ζ. ὀφείλειν Hdt. 3.52; ζ. καταβάλλειν D. 24.83, cf. SIG l.c.; μετὰ . . χρημάτων ζημίας Pl. Lg. 862d; ζ. ἐπέκειτο στατήρ Th. 3.70; ζημίαν ὀφείλειν τάλαντον Plu. Lys. 27; τῆς ζ. ἀφεθῆναι Id. Arist. 4.

2 penalty, the penalty, penalty for

generally, penalty, ζ. ἐπιτιθέναι τινί Hdt. 1.144; ζ. ἔπεστί τινι Id. 2.136; πρόσκειταί τινι X. Vect. 4.21; γλώσσῃ ζ. προστρίβεται A. Pr. 331, cf. 384; with the penalty added, θάνατον ζ. ἐπιθέσθαι, προθεῖναι, τάξαι, to make death the penalty, Th. 2.24, 3.44, D. 20.135; θάνατος ἡ ζ. ἐπίκειται Hdt. 2.38, cf. 65; but ἐφʼ οἷς . . θάνατος ἡ ζ. Pl. Prt. 325b: in pl., θανάτου ζημίαι πρόκεινται Th. 3.45 (v.l.): c. gen. criminis, ζ. ἀδικίας penalty for . . , Pl. Tht. 176d, cf. Lg. 860e (pl.).

b expense

simply, expense, SIG 717.81 (ii/i B.C.), PLond. 5.1660.10, 1674.23 (pl., vi A.D.).

III bad bargain, dead loss

of what is bought too dearly, a bad bargain, a dead loss, X. Mem. 2.3.2: usu. with Adj., φανερὰ ζᾱμία Ar. Ach. 737; καθαρὰ ζ., λαμπρὰ ζ., Alciphr. 3.21, 38, cf. Alex. 56.6.

In the wild

ζημίαν · zēmian Aeschylus, Libation Bearers 1029–1032
ζημίαις · zēmiais Aeschylus, Libation Bearers 274–275
ζημία · zēmia Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 330–331
ζημίαν · zēmian Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 383
ζημία · zēmia Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1132a (DIORISIS sentence 1649)
ζημία · zēmia Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1132a (DIORISIS sentence 1650)

6 of 201 attestations shown. Ask for more.

Where it came from

No etymology authority pointer is recorded for this lemma yet — an honest gap, not an omission. The etymological dictionaries (Beekes, Chantraine, Frisk) are matched incrementally.

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