Words

Ἑλληνική — Greek Lexicon: Liddell–Scott–Jones

25 curated word studies:

• αἰδώς shame and reverence at once; the respect that forbids cowardice
• ἄλγος pain, grief; the suffering the Achaeans were dealt
• ἀρετή excellence
• δαίμων a divine power
• ἔρως love, desire
• ἦτορ the heart
• εὐσέβεια piety
• καρδία the heart
• λόγος word, speech, account, reason
• μῆνις wrath
• μένος might, force; the active surge that animates the limbs; god-sent battle-fury
• νέμεσις righteous indignation
• νόος mind, sense, intellect; later νοῦς
• νόστος the homecoming; the safe return
• πάσχω to undergo, to be acted upon, to suffer
• πείθω to persuade; in the middle, to trust, to obey, to be won over
• φρήν midriff or diaphragm
• πνεῦμα breath, wind, spirit
• πόθος longing for what is absent; the ache of the missing
• ψυχή soul; breath of life; the shade of the dead
• σάρξ flesh
• σέβας reverential awe; the holy fear felt before the gods
• σῶμα body
• θυμός spirit, courage, anger; the surge of life in the chest
• τλάω to bear, to take upon oneself, to endure

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Latina — Latin Lexicon: Lewis & Short

6 curated word studies:

• anima breath; the breath of life; the soul as the animating principle shared with beasts
• animus mind, spirit; the thinking and feeling principle, seat of courage and desire
• spiritus a breathing; breath, air; and, in time, the Spirit
• mens mind, disposition; the reasoning principle set against the body
• cor the heart
• virtus manly quality, valor; excellence of character; the courage and capability proper to a vir

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עִבְרִית — Hebrew Lexicon: Brown-Driver-Briggs

5 curated word studies:

• נֶ֫פֶשׁ soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, passion
• רוּחַ breath, wind, spirit
• לֵב inner man, mind, will, heart
• בָּשָׂר flesh
• נְשָׁמָה breath

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العربية — Arabic Lexicon: Lane's Arabic-English Lexicon

9 curated word studies:

• أَمْر command, order, decree; and the affair, matter, or state of things that a command governs
• ذِكْر remembrance, recollection, mention, invocation; and, by extension, the revealed reminder itself
• إِيمَٰن faith, belief, trusting assent; the settled inward acceptance that answers a call and secures the heart
• نَفْس self, soul, person, living being
• قَلْب the heart as the organ of understanding, faith, and moral responsiveness
• رَحْمَة mercy, compassion, tender care; the disposition to spare, forgive, and provide
• رُوح spirit; the breath of life God breathes into the human form; the agency by which revelation and quickening descend
• صَدْر the breast, the chest; by extension the interior of a person
• سَكِينَة tranquility, calm, the settled stillness of heart that God sends down upon the faithful

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Pāli — Pali Lexicon: PTS Pali–English Dictionary

12 curated word studies:

• attā self, soul, one's own person; the reflexive "self" of ordinary speech and, in doctrine, the enduring self whose existence the teaching denies
• citta mind, heart, thought
• dukkha suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness; the unpleasant and stressful, whether of body or mind, and the standing mark of conditioned existence
• kamma deed, action, work; in the Buddha's usage, intentional action together with the fruit it ripens into, the moral force by which a being's willed acts shape what befalls it
• mano mind as the coordinating faculty of thought, the intellectual sense that ranges over ideas as the eye ranges over sights, and the sixth sense-base alongside eye, ear, nose, tongue, and body
• mettā loving-kindness; benevolence, friendliness, active goodwill toward all living beings, the first of the four brahmavihāras
• nibbāna the going out
• paññā wisdom, insight, discernment
• saṅkhāra the conditioned formations; the constructing activities and constructed things of mind; the fourth of the five aggregates; the second link of dependent origination
• sati mindfulness; the recollective presence of mind that holds an object steadily before awareness, ranging from plain memory to the trained attentiveness of the path
• vedanā feeling, felt tone
• viññāṇa consciousness; the discriminating awareness that arises with the senses, the fifth aggregate, and the stream that carries individuality across rebirth

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文言 — Literary Chinese Lexicon: Unihan character definitions

10 curated word studies:

• 道 way, road, path; the course things follow; a method or teaching; to speak or guide
• 德 potency, moral force, inner power; the virtue or efficacy a thing possesses by conforming to the way proper to it
• 命 mandate, decree, command; the allotment or destiny conferred from above; the span and lot of a life
• 氣 breath, vapor, air; the vital energy that circulates through body and cosmos; temper, spirit, disposition
• 仁 humaneness, benevolence, co-humanity
• 神 spirit, numen, the divine or daimonic power; by extension the animating spirit of a person, and the quality of being spirit-like, unfathomable, beyond calculation
• 天 sky, heaven; the natural order and its authority; the source and warrant of what is right
• 無 not, without, non-being; the absence or negation that early Chinese thought treats as a generative ground rather than mere lack
• 心 heart-mind: the organ of thought, feeling, desire, and moral discernment held together as one seat
• 性 inborn nature; the native disposition a thing has from birth; what a creature or a person is by constitution rather than by cultivation

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संस्कृतम् — Sanskrit Lexicon: Monier-Williams

11 curated word studies:

• ātman self, the reflexive "oneself," and the innermost soul or essence
• brahman the absolute ground of being; the sacred formulation and the power resident in it; the one reality underlying the cosmos and the self; also the priestly order that tends the sacred
• buddhi intellect, discerning intelligence, the faculty of judgment and decision; the higher determinative reason that resolves, discriminates, and directs
• citta thought, the reflecting or attending mind; the seat of attention that settles, wanders, and is gathered in disciplined practice
• dharma that which upholds; law, duty, right order; the norm that sustains a world, a caste, a life, and the cosmos alike
• jñāna knowledge, knowing, cognition
• karman act, deed, work; rite performed; and the residue of action that binds a doer to its fruit across time
• manas mind; the inner instrument that coordinates the senses, forms intention, and directs attention
• prāṇa breath; the vital air; the life-wind that sustains the body and, in cosmology, the animating power that holds a world together
• puruṣa man, person, the human being; the spirit or self within the person; the cosmic Person from whom the world is fashioned
• yoga yoking, harnessing, joining

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