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κεφαλή

kephale

head, the uppermost or top part, source, etc

Generated live from the audited corpus — every figure on this page is a database query, not prose from memory.

Where it lives

Densest 12 of 128 attested works shown, by occurrences per 10,000 attested tokens.

What it meant

1. κεφαλή · kephalē — Beekes

κεφαλή [f.] ‘head, the uppermost or top part, source, etc’ (11... 41Ὲ *g*eb"I- ‘head’> κῆβος 683 *COMP Several compounds, e.g. κεφαλ-αλγία ‘headache’ (Hp.), also -apyia (Luc.) by dissimilation; βου-κέφαλος ‘with cow-head’ (Ar.); also as a plant name (Stromberg 1940: 54); as a PN Βου-κεφάλᾶς [m.] the personal horse of Alexander the Great (Str., Plu.). *DER Diminutive κεφάλιον (Att. inscr.), -idtov (Poll. pap.), … — [Beekes, s.v. κεφαλή, p. 729]

2. κεφαλή · kephalē — Chantraine

κεφαλή : f. «tête » d’un homme ou d'un animal, avec des expressions comme κατὰ κεφαλὴν «sur la tête », etc. (Hom., ion.-att., etc.) ; peut désigner de façon expressive une pérsonne {Hom., mais cf. aussi Hdt. 3,29, PL, Phar. 264 a); par métaphore, désigne une tête, une extrémité, cf. Thphr., H.P. 9,8,2 κεφαλὴ μήκωνος ; la partie haute d’un mur, etc., le total (cf. Schwyzer 62,36 Héraclée), l'achèvement, le … — [Chantraine, s.v. κεφαλή, p. 536]

3. κεφαλὴ · kephalē — Frisk

κεφαλὴ f. ‘Kopf, Haupt’, auch übertr. ‘das Oberste, Äußerste, Quelle usw.’ (seit Il.). Zahlreiche Kompp., z.B. κεφαλ-αλγ-ία “Kopfweh’ (Hp.), durch Dissimilation -αργία (Luk.); Bovκέφαλος “mit Ochsenkopf versehen’ (Ar.), auch als Pflanzenname (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 54); als EN Bov-xepdiäs τὰ. das Leibroß Alexanders des Großen (Str., Plu. u.a.; zur Bildung Schwyzer 451). — Viele Ableitungen. Deminutiva: κεφάλιον … — [Frisk, s.v. κεφαλὴ, p. 867]

4. κεφᾰλή · kephalē — LSJ

head, in stature

head of man or beast, Hom. (v. infr.), Alc. 15, etc.; once in A., Th. 525 (lyr.), once in S., Aj. 238 (anap.), also in E., Fr. 308 (anap.), Rh. 226 (lyr.), al.; ἄλλου οὐδενὸς ἐμψύχου κ. γεύσεται Αἰγυπτίων οὐδείς Hdt. 2.39; κεφαλῇ . . μείζονες taller in stature, Il. 3.168; so μείων . . κεφαλήν ib. 193 Aristarch.: freq. with Preps.,

a down over the head

κατὰ κεφαλῆς, Ep. κὰκ κεφαλῆς, down over the head, κόνιν . . χεύατο κὰκ κεφαλῆς Il. 18.24, cf. Od. 8.85, etc.

b on the head, from above, above, upright, per head, each person

κατὰ κεφαλήν, Ep. κὰκ κεφαλήν on the head, Ἐρύλαον . . βάλε πέτρῳ μέσσην κὰκ κεφαλήν Il. 16.412, cf. 20.387, 475: in Prose, from above, X. HG 7.2.8: c. gen., above, κ. κ. τινῶν γενέσθαι ib. 7.2.11; τὸ κ. κ. ὕδωρ, of rain water, Thphr. HP 4.10.7 (-ὴν codd.), CP 6.18.10 (-ῆς): in Archit., upright, IG 2(2).463.42; also, per head, each person (cf. infr. I.2), Arist. Pol. 1272a14, LXX Ex. 16.16; κατὰ κεφαλὴν τῶν κωμητῶν PPetr. 2p.17 (iii B. C.).

c head

ἐς πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς from head to foot, Il. 23.169; τὰ πράγματα ἐκ τῶν ποδῶν ἐς τὴν κ. σοι πάντʼ ἐρῶ Ar. Pl. 650.

d head foremost, head downwards, headlong, recklessly, on high

ἐπὶ κεφαλήν head foremost, ἐπὶ κ. κατορύξαι to bury head downwards, Hdt. 3.35; ἐπὶ κ. ὠθέεσθαι to be thrust headlong, Id. 7.136, cf. Hyp. Fr. 251; ἐπὶ κ. ὠθεῖν τινα ἐκ τοῦ θρόνου Pl. R. 553b; ἐπὶ τὴν κ. εἰς κόρακας ὦσον Men. Sam. 138; εὐθὺς ἐπὶ κ. εἰς τὸ δικαστήριον βαδίζειν D. 42.12; οὐ βουλόμενος πολίτας ἄνδρας ἐπὶ κ. εἰσπράττειν τὸν μισθόν recklessly, Hyp. Lyc. 17; ἐπὶ ταῖς κεφαλαῖς περιφέρειν carry on high, in token of admiration, Pl. R. 600d.

2 self, personage

as the noblest part, periphr. for the whole person, πολλὰς ἰφθίμους κ. Il. 11.55, cf. Od. 1.343, etc.; ἶσον ἐμῇ κ. no less than myself, Il. 18.82; ἑᾷ κ. Pi. O. 7.67; esp. in salutation, φίλη κ. Il. 8.281, cf. 18.114; ἠθείη κ. 23.94; Ἄπολλον, ὦ δία κ. E. Rh. 226 (lyr.): in Prose, Φαῖδρε, φίλη κ. Pl. Phdr. 264a; τῆς θείας κ. Jul. Or. 7.212a: in bad sense, ὦ κακαὶ κεφαλαί Hdt. 3.29; ὦ μιαρὰ κ. Ar. Ach. 285: periphr. in Prose, πεντακοσίας κεφαλὰς τῶν Ξέρξεω πολεμίων Hdt. 9.99: in bad sense, ἡ μιαρὰ

3 life, their heads

life, ἐμῇ κ. περιδείδια Il. 17.242; σύν τε μεγάλῳ ἀπέτεισαν, σὺν σφῇσιν κεφαλῇσι 4.162; παρθέμενοι κεφαλάς staking their heads on the cast, Od. 2.237; τὴν κ. ἀποβαλέεις Hdt. 8.65.

4 head

in imprecations, ἐς κεφαλὴν τράποιτʼ ἐμοί on my head be it! Ar. Ach. 833; ἐς τὴν κ. ἅπαντα τὴν σὴν τρέψεται Id. Nu. 40; ἃ σοὶ καὶ τοῖς σοῖς οἱ θεοὶ τρέψειαν εἰς κ. D. 18.290; ἐς κ. σοί (sc. τράποιτο) Ar. Pax 1063, Pl. 526; σοὶ εἰς κ. Pl. Euthd. 283e; τὰ μὲν πρότερον . . ἐγὼ κεφαλῇ ἀναμάξας φέρω Hdt. 1.155; οἷς ἂν . . τὴν αἰτίαν ἐπὶ τὴν κ. ἀναθεῖεν D. 18.294; τὸ αἷμα ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τὴν κ. ὑμῶν Act.Ap. 18.6.

II extremity

of things, extremity,

a head, inflorescence, tubers

in Botany, κ. σκορόδου head ( = inflorescence) of garlic, Ar. Pl. 718, cf. Plb. 12.6.4; κ. μήκωνος Thphr. HP 9.8.2; ῥίζα κ. ἔχουσα πλείονας tubers, Dsc. 3.120.

b base, apex, sac, origin

in Anatomy, κεφαλαὶ τῆς κάτω γνάθου, prob. the condyloid and coronoid processes, Hp. Art. 30; ἡ κ. τοῦ ὄρχεως, = ἐπιδιδυμίς, Arist. HA 510a14, cf. Gal. 4.565; μηροῦ, κνήμης κ., Poll. 2.186, 188; of the base of the heart, Gal. UP 6.16; but, apex, Hp. Cord. 7; of the sac in poulps, Arist. PA 654a23, 685a5; of muscles, origin, Gal. UP 7.14.

c top, brim, coping, capital

generally, top, brim of a vessel, Theoc. 8.87; coping of a wall, X. Cyr. 3.3.68; capital of a column, CIG 2782.31 (Aphrodisias), LXX 3 Ki. 7.16, Poll. 7.121.

d source, mouth, source, origin, starting-point

in pl., source of a river, Hdt. 4.91 (but sg., mouth, οἶδα Γέλα ποταμοῦ κεφαλῇ ἐπικείμενον ἄστυ Call. Aet. Oxy. 2080.48 [Fr. 43.46 Pf.]): generally, source, origin, Ζεὺς κ. (v.l. ἀρχή) , Ζεὺς μέσσα, Διὸς δʼ ἒκ πάντα τελεῖται τέτυκται codd.) Orph. Fr. 21a; starting-point, κ. χρόνου Placit. 2.32.2 (κρόνου codd.), Lyd. Mens. 3.4; κ. μηνός ib. 12.

e extremity

extremity of a plot of land, PPetr. 3p.72 (iii B.C.), PFlor. 50.83 (iii A.D.).

III bust

Ὁμηρείη κ. bust of Homer, IG 14.1183.10.

IV wig, head-dress

κ. περίθετος wig, head-dress, Ar. Th. 258.

V pièce de résistance

metaph., κ. δείπνου pièce de résistance, Alex. 172.15.

2 crown, completion, consummation

crown, completion, κεφαλὴν ἐπιθεῖναι Pl. Ti. 69b; ὥσπερ κ. ἀποδοῦναι τοῖς εἰρημένοις Id. Phlb. 66d, cf. Grg. 505d; ὥσπερ κεφαλὴν ἔχουσα ἐπιστήμη Arist. EN 1141a19; consummation, σχεῖν κ. Pl. Ti. 39d.

3 sum, total

sum, total, πάσας ἐρρηγείας Tab.Heracl. 1.36; of money, IG 12(9).7 (Carystus, iv B. C.), SIG 245ii 36 (Delph., iv B. C.).

4 band, right-hand half

band of men, LXX Jb. 1.17; right-hand half of a phalanx (opp. οὐρά), Arr. Tact. 8.3, Ael. Tact. 7.3.

5 ghebh

Astron., κ. τοῦ κόσμου, of Aries, Heph.Astr. 1.1. (ghebh-, cf. κεβλή and Engl. gable.)

In the wild

6 of 1,098 attestations shown. Ask for more.

Where it came from

  • Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill 2010) Treated in Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill 2010) s.v. κεφαλή (scan pp. 729-730; entry #3099).
  • Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque Treated in Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque s.v. κεφαλή (scan p. 536; entry #3881).
  • Frisk, Griechisches etymologisches Worterbuch Treated in Frisk, Griechisches etymologisches Worterbuch s.v. κεφαλή (scan pp. 867-868; entry #2947).

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