κοινός (koinos)

1. κοινός · koinos — Beekes

κοινός [adj.] “common, public, usual, impartial’, τὸ κοινόν ‘the community, common good, public, leading authority, league’ (IA, Hes.); Hom. has ξυνός. <1E *kom ‘with’> COMP Numerous compounds. *DER 1. "κοινᾶων (see Chantraine 1933: 163) > Dor. Arc. κοινάν, -ἄνος [m.] (Pi. Locris, Tegea), Att. kotvewv, -@vog [m.] (E. HF 149, 340), κοινών, -Wvoc [m.] (X. Cyr.) ‘fellow traveler, companion’, after κοινωνέω, etc; thence … — [Beekes, s.v. κοινός, p. 778]

2. κοινός · koinos — Chantraine

κοινός : «commun » {opposé à ἴδιος), « public » (avec τὸ xotvôv) «l'intérêt commun, l’état», quelquefois «la fédération, le trésor public», τὰ κοινά «les affaires — 552 — publiques ; scommun, ordinaire, impartial », etc. (Hés., Tr. 723, ion.-att., etc.). Hom. en ce sens emploie ξυνός. Noter κοινόν « baume pour les yeux » (CIL 13, 10021). Une cinquantaine de composés dont beaucoup sont tardifs : p. ex. -ὅιος … — [Chantraine, s.v. κοινός, p. 566]

3. κοινός · koinos — Frisk

κοινός "gemeinsam, gemeinschaftlich, öffentlich, gewöhnlich, unparteiisch’, τὸ κοινόν “Gemeinde, Gemeingut, öffentliche, κόϊξ ---κοῖον 898 leitende Behörde, Bund’ (ion. att. seit Hes.; Hom. dafür ξυνός); zahlreiche Kompp. aus verschiedenen Zeiten. — Ableitungen. 1. *zoıwde» (Schwyzer 521, Chantraine Formation 163) > dor. ark. xowdv, -ävos m. (Pi., Lokris, Tegea), att. κοινεών, -ὥνος m. (E. HF 149, 340), κοινών, … — [Frisk, s.v. κοινός, p. 924]

4. κοινός · koinos — Frisk

κοινός. Anders über κοινωνός usw. Ruijgh Minos N.S. 9 (1968) 123f.: κοινωνός zu κοινός wie υἱωνός zu υἱός. Durch Kreuzung von κοενεών und κοινωνός wiederum κοινών. --- Für Verbindung mit aind. seva- “freundlich” (mit Früheren, 5. Βα) usw. noch Palmer Μνήμης χάριν 2, 7Off.; dazu auch κεάζω u.a. (3). xolov. Zu ἐγκοιωταί 5. bes. — Ausführlich über κοῖον u. Verw. Latte Hesychios 2, 8171.; zu xoiog = ἀριϑμός Kalleris … — [Frisk, s.v. κοινός, p. 2258]

5. κοινός · koinos — LSJ

common, shared in common, common, common, jointly, common to, with, shared in by, shared

common (opp. ἴδιος), not in Hom. (v. ξυνός) ; ἐκ κοινοῦ shared in common, Hes. Op. 723; ἔσται γὰρ βίος ἐκ κ. Ar. Ec. 610; of a common altar, Simon. 140; τὸ τέμενος εἶναι κ. SIG 1044.29 (Halic., iv/iii B.C.); κ. ἔρχεται κῦμʼ Ἀΐδα Pi. N. 7.30; τρεῖς . . κ. ὄμμʼ ἐκτημέναι, of the Gorgons, A. Pr. 795; κ. ὠφέλημα θνητοῖσιν φανείς, of Prometheus, ib. 613; τὰς γυναῖκας εἶναι κοινάς Pl. R. 457d: prov., κοινὸν τύχη A. Fr. 389, cf. Men. Mon. 356; κοινὰ τὰ τῶν φίλων E. Or. 735 (troch.), Pl. Phdr. 279c, Men

II public, general, common, of public, general interest, popular, free

in social and political relations, public, general, τὸ κ. ἀγαθόν the common weal, Th. 5.90; κ. λόγῳ Id. 5.37, Hdt. 1.141; κ. στόλῳ ib. 170; ἀδικήματα D. 21.45; ὁ τῆς πόλεως κ. δήμιος Pl. Lg. 872b; κοινότατον of public or general interest, ib. 724b, cf. Arist. Rh. 1354b29; of constitutions, popular, free, κοινοτέραν εἶναι τὴν ἐκείνου μοναρχίαν τῆς αὑτῶν δημοκρατίας Isoc. 10.36.

2 state

τὸ κ. the state, τὸ κ. Σπαρτιητέων Hdt. 1.67: abs., of oneʼs own state, Ar. Ec. 208, etc.; τὸ κ. ὠφελεῖται Antipho 3.2.3, cf. X. Cyr. 2.2.20; τὰς ὠφελείας ἅπασιν εἰς τὸ κ. ἀπεδίδου Isoc. 10.36.

b leagues, federations, private associations, guilds, corporations, boards

esp. of leagues or federations, τὸ κ. τῶν Ἰώνων Hdt. 5.109; τῶν συμμάχων Isoc. 14.21; τῶν Βοιωτῶν SIG 457.10 (Thespiae, iii B.C.), Plb. 20.6.1 (pl.), etc.; ἄνευ τοῦ πάντων κοινοῦ (sc. τῶν Θεσσαλῶν) Th. 4.78; also, of private associations, Test.Epict. 1.22, SIG 1113 (Loryma), al.; of guilds or corporations, τὸ κ. τῶν τεκτόνων POxy. 53.2 (iv A.D.); of boards of magistrates, τὸ κ. τῶν ἀρχόντων ib. 54.12 (iii A.D.).

c the government, public authorities, by public authority, by common consent

the government, public authorities, Th. 1.90, 2.12, etc.; τὰ κ. Hdt. 3.156; ἀπαγγεῖλαι ἐπὶ τὰ κ. Th. 5.37; ἀπὸ τοῦ κ. by public authority, Hdt. 5.85, 8.135; σὺν τῷ κ. by common consent, Id. 9.87.

d the public treasury

the public treasury, χρημάτων μεγάλων ἐν τῷ κ. γενομένων Id. 7.144; ἐν τῷ κ. καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἱεροῖς Th. 6.6, cf. 17; χρήματα δοῦναι ἐκ τοῦ κ. Hdt. 9.87; ἔχειν ἐν κοινῷ (without the Art.), Th. 1.80, cf. Sch.adloc.

e common right, rights

common right or rights of citizens, τὸ κ. τὸ τῶν πολιτῶν Arist. Pol. 1283b41.

3 public affairs, public life, the public money, at the public expense, common funds, joint expense

τὰ κ. public affairs: πρὸς τὰ κ. προσελθεῖν, προσιέναι, to enter public life, D. 18.257, Aeschin. 1.165; but also, the public money, Ar. Pl. 569, D. 8.23 (in full, τὰ κ. χρήματα X. HG 6.5.34, Arist. Pol. 1271b11); τὰ κ. τῆς πόλεως, opp. τὰ ἁγνά, BMus.Inscr. 4.481*.383; ἀπὸ κοινοῦ at the public expense, X. An. 4.7.27, 5.1.12; ἐκ κοινοῦ φαγεῖν Euphro 8.4, cf. Antiph. 230; ἐκ κ. from common funds, at joint expense, PGrenf. 1.21.19 (ii B.C.).

III common, ordinary, commonplaces, common, general, every-day

common, ordinary, τὰ κ. εἰδέναι Pl. Ax. 366b; διὰ τῶν κ. ποιεῖσθαι τὰς πίστεις Arist. Rh. 1355a27; κοινοτάτη τῶν αἰσθήσεων [ἡ ἁφή] Id. EN 1118b1; τὰ κ. commonplaces, Men. Sam. 27, Epit. 309; so κ. τόπος Hermog. Prog. 6, Aphth. Prog. 7; ἡ κ. ἔννοια or ἐπίνοια, Plb. 2.62.2, 6.5.2; κ. νοῦς, φρένες, common sense, Phld. Rh. 1.37 S., 202 S.; κ. καὶ διήκουσαι κακίαι general and all-pervading vices, Id. Sign. 28; κ. καὶ δημώδη ὀνόματα Longin. 40.2; κ. καὶ ἐν μέσῳ κείμενα ὀνόματα D.H. Lys. 3; ἡ κ. διάλεκ

2 ordinary, ‘regular’ Greek, who use this language

Gramm., ordinary, ‘regular’ Greek, opp. special dialects, διάλεκτοί εἰσι πέντε, Ἀτθὶς Δωρὶς Αἰολὶς Ἰὰς καὶ κ. Sch. D.T. p.14 H., cf. D.S. 1.16, Theodos. Can. p.37 H., etc.; ἡ κ. alone, A.D. Conj. 223.24; τὸ κ. ἔθος, ἡ κ. ἐκφορά, Id. Adv. 155.10, Pron. 4.27; οἱ κ. the writers who use this language, Sch.D.T. p.469 H., EM 405.23.

b colloquial, vulgar Greek

colloquial, vulgar Greek, Moer.pp. 201 (Comp., prob. for καιν-), 243P., al.

c demotic

ἡ κ. διάλεκτος demotic Egyptian, Manetho ap. J. Ap. 1.14.

3 common, of inferior quality

common, of inferior quality, χρυσός POxy. 905.5 (ii A.D.), 1273.6 (iii A.D.).

4 words added at will, ‘and so forth’

in magical formulae, of words added at will by the user, ‘and so forth’, freq. in Pap., PMag.Osl. 1.255, PMag.Par. 1.273, al.; κοινὰ ὅσα θέλεις ib. 2.53; ὁ κ. λόγος PMag.Lond. 46.435; cf. κοινολογία.

IV connected by common origin, kindred

of Persons, connected by common origin or kindred, esp. of brothers and sisters, κ. σπέρμα Pi. O. 7.92, cf. S. OT 261, OC 535 (lyr.); κ. αἷμα Id. Ant. 202, cf. 1; κ. πατήρ, μήτηρ, PAmh. 2.152.9 (v/vi A.D.), PFlor. 47.11 (iii A.D.); also κ. Χάριτες Pi. O. 2.50.

2 one who shares in, partner, belonging in part

one who shares in a thing, partner, ἐν θύμασιν κ. ποεῖσθαί τινα S. OT 240; κ. ἐν κοινοῖσι λυπεῖσθαι Id. Aj. 267, cf. Ar. V. 917; also κ. τῷ θεῷ belonging in part to the god (who claims tithe of his substance), Berl.Sitzb. 1927.161 (Cyrene).

3 lending a ready ear to all, impartial, neutral, arbitrators, easily accessible

lending a ready ear to all, impartial, μὴ οὐ κ. ἀποβῆτε Th. 3.53; neutral, ib. 68; κοινοὺς τῷ τε διώκοντι καὶ τῷ φεύγοντι Lys. 15.1; μέτριος καὶ κ. Arist. Ath. 6.3; κοινοί, οἱ, arbitrators, GDI 1832.10 (Delph.); κ. μεσίτης PStrassb. 41.14 (iii A.D.); of a capital city, δεῖ . . κοινὴν εἶναι τῶν τόπων ἁπάντων easily accessible on all sides, Arist. Pol. 1327a6.

b courteous, affable

courteous, affable, X. Cyn. 13.9; κ. ἅπασι γενέσθαι Isoc. 5.80; τῇ πρὸς πάντας φιλανθρωπίᾳ κ. Democh. 2 J.; ἔχειν τὰς κ. φρένας Phld. Rh. 1.202 S.

c prostitute

in bad sense, κοινή, ἡ, prostitute, Vett.Val. 119.30, Porph. Hist.Phil. 12 (pl.).

d more impartial, more equal

of events, κοινότεραι τύχαι more impartial, i.e. more equal, chances, Th. 5.102; ἔστιν ἐν τῷ κ. πᾶσι c. inf., And. 2.6.

V general, universal, axioms, general, general, objectively valid, abstract

in Logic, general, universal, τὸ κ. λαμβάνειν περί τινων, τὸ ἐπὶ πᾶσι κ., Pl. Tht. 185b, 185c; τὰ κ. λεγόμενα ἀξιώματα Arist. APo. 76b14; αἱ κ. ἀρχαί ib. 88a36; κ. ἔννοιαι axioms, heading in Euc.; general, κ. ὅρος Arist. Metaph. 987b6; κοινὰ καὶ στοιχειώδη general principles, Phld. Rh. 1.69S.; κ. σημεῖον, opp. ἴδιον, Id. Sign. 14; κ. κρίσις objectively valid judgement, Id. Po. 5.22; ὄνομα κ. Str. 10.2.10; abstract, ὁ κ. ἄνθρωπος καὶ λογισμῷ ληπτός Dam. Pr. 341.

Gramm.,

1 common

κ. συλλαβή common syllable, capable of being long or short, D.T. 633.17, Heph. 1.4.

b of ambiguous metrical form

κ. ποιήματα, poems which are both κατὰ στίχον and συστηματικά, e.g. the Sapphic stanza, Id. pp. 58,59 C.; also, poems of ambiguous metrical form, Id. p.60 C.

v. supr. III.2.

of gender, κ. γένος D.T. 634.19; of nouns, A.D. Pron. 30.7, al., EM 143.33, 305.19, etc.

4 in common

ἀπὸ κοινοῦ λαμβάνειν, of two clauses taking a word in common, A.D. Synt. 122.14, al.; κοινὸν or ἐκ κοινοῦ παραλαμβάνεσθαι, ib. 20, 28, al.

VII common, profane

of forbidden meats, common, profane, φαγεῖν κ. καὶ ἀκάθαρτον Act.Ap. 10.14, cf. Ep.Rom. 14.14; κ. χερσὶ ἐσθίειν Ev.Marc. 7.2.

VIII eye-salve

κοινόν, τό, name of an eye-salve, CIL 13.10021.3, al.

B in common, jointly

Adv. κοινῶς in common, jointly, E. Ion 1462; τὰ κοινὰ κ. δεῖ φέρειν συμπτώματα Men. 817: Comp., ἐν Κρήτῃ -οτέρως [ἔχει τὰ τῶν συσσιτίων] Arist. Pol. 1272a16.

2 publicly

publicly, κ. μᾶλλον ὠφέλησαν ἢ ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων ἔβλαψαν Th. 2.42, etc.

3 sociably, like other citizens

sociably, like other citizens, οὐδὲ κ. οὐδὲ πολιτικῶς ἐβίωσαν Isoc. 4.151; ἴσως καὶ κ. πρός τινα προσφέρεσθαι Arist. Rh.Al. 1430a1; κ. καὶ φιλικῶς Plu. Ant. 33; μετρίως καὶ κ. ἀσπάζεσθαι Id. Arat. 43.

4 in general

in general, Diph.Siph. ap. Ath. 3.81a; ἡ κ. σύνεσις, τὸ κ. ἄνθρωπον", Phld. Vit. p.34J., Mort. 38; opp. ἰδίως, Demetr.Lac. Herc. 1014.41, Plu. Marc. 8, cf. Longin. 15.1; κοινότερον εἰπεῖν Phld. Rh. 1.256 S.; -οτέρως Orib. Fr. 93.

5 in the common dialect

in the common dialect, A.D. Pron. 82.27, al.: Comp. -ότερον Id. Synt. 159.5.

6 in plain language, in the ordinary, wide sense

in plain language, opp. σοφιστικῶς, Plu. QConv. 2.659f; in the ordinary or wide sense, opp. κυρίως, Them. in APo. 5.5: Comp., M.Ant. 2.10.

II in common, by common consent

fem. dat. κοινῇ; Dor. κοινᾷ SIG 56.11 (Argos, v B.C.); Boeot. κυνῆ ib. 635.31 (Acraeph., ii B.C.):—in common, by common consent, Hdt. 1.148, 3.79, S. OT 606, OC 1339, E. Hipp. 731, Th. 1.3, etc.; κ. πᾶσι καὶ χωρίς Arist. Pol. 1278b23, cf. Ath. 40.3; κ. μετά τινος, κ. σύν τινι, Pl. Smp. 209c, SIG 346.27 (iv B.C.), X. Mem. 1.6.14, etc.; ἰδίᾳ τε καὶ κ. Alex. 291: also neut.pl. κοινά S. Ant. 546.

2 publicly

publicly, καὶ κ. καὶ ἰδίᾳ X. HG 1.2.10, Mem. 2.1.12, etc.

3 together with

as Prep. c. dat., together with, E. Ion 1228, Hel. 829, Fr. 823.

III in common, in public, for public use

with Preps., εἰς κοινόν in common, in public, ὑμῖν τῇδέ τʼ ἐς κ. φράσω A. Pr. 844; πᾶσιν ἐς κ. λέγω Id. Eu. 408, cf. Ar. Av. 457 (lyr.), Pl. Lg. 796e; εἰς κ. γνώμην ἀποφαίνεσθαι D. 19.156; εἰς τὸ κ. λέγειν, ἀγορεύειν, Pl. Tht. 165a, X. An. 5.6.27; εἰς τὸ κ. for public use, Pl. Lg. 681c.

ἀπὸ κοινοῦ, ἐκ κοινοῦ, v. A.I.1, II.3, VI.4.

ἀφεῖσαν ἐν κοινῷ ζητεῖν, Lat. rem in medio reliquerunt, Arist. Metaph. 987b14; but οἱ ἐν κ. γιγνόμενοι λόγοι, = οἱ ἐξωτερικοὶ λόγοι, Id. de An. 407b29.

4 jointly, in common

κατὰ κοινόν, opp. κατʼ ἰδίαν, jointly, in common, Lex ap. D. 21.94, Plb. 4.3.5; prob. for κατὰ κοινοῦ Id. 11.30.3.

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