The corpus record — Latin

turbo2

turbo2 · v. a

to disturb

Generated live from the audited Latin corpus — every figure on this page is a database query, not prose from memory.

Where it lives

De Herediolo 1 · 44.84/10k
Panegyricus de tertio consulatu Honorii Augusti 3 · 21.71/10k
Punica 135 · 17.7/10k
De vita Hadriani 8 · 15.6/10k
Cento Nuptialis 2 · 14.66/10k
Panegyricus dictus Probino et Olybrio consulibus 2 · 11.75/10k
Thebais 69 · 11.04/10k
Argonautica 41 · 11.03/10k
Psychomachia 6 · 9.99/10k
de Bello Gothico 4 · 9.92/10k
Aeneid 60 · 9.47/10k
Panegyricus dictus Manlio Theodoro consuli 2 · 9.3/10k

Densest 12 of 191 attested works shown, by occurrences per 10,000 attested tokens.

What it meant

1. turbo — Lewis & Short

turbo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. (

I fut. perf. turbassit, for turbaverit, Cic. Leg. 3, 4; al. turbassitur) [turba], to disturb, agitate, confuse, disorder; to throw into disorder or confusion (freq. and class.; syn.: confundo, misceo, agito).

I Lit.: ventorum vi agitari atque turbari mare, Cic. Clu. 49, 138: aequora ventis, Lucr. 2, 1: hibernum mare, Hor. Epod. 15, 8; Ov. M. 7, 154; 14, 545 al.: eversae turbant convivia mensae, id. ib. 12, 222; cf. in a poet. transf.: ancipiti quoniam bello turbatur utrimque, Lucr. 6, 377: ne comae turbarentur, quas componi vetuit, Quint. 11, 3, 148: ne turbet toga mota capillos, Ov. Am. 3, 2, 75: capillos, id. M. 8, 859; id. Am. 3, 14, 33; cf. in a Greek construction: turbata capillos, id. M. 4, 474: ceram, the seal, Quint. 12, 8, 13: uvae recentes alvum turbant, Plin. 23, 1, 6, § 10.— Absol.: instat, turbatque ruitque, Ov. M. 12, 134.—Reflex.: cum mare turbaret (sc. se), Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 7 Schneid. ad loc. (al. turbaretur).—

B In partic.

1 Milit. t. t., to throw into disorder, break the line of battle, disorganize: equitatus turbaverat ordines, Liv. 3, 70, 9: aciem peditum, id. 30, 18, 10.—Absol.: equites eruptione factā in agmen modice primo impetu turbavere, Liv. 38, 13, 12: turbantibus invicem copiis, Flor. 4, 2, 49: hic rem Romanam, magno turbante tumultu, sistet, Verg. A. 6, 857.—

2 Of water, to trouble, make thick or turbid: lacus, Ov. M. 6, 364: fons quem nulla volucris turbarat, id. ib. 3, 410: flumen imbre, id. ib. 13, 889: limo aquam, Hor. S. 1, 1, 60: aquas lacrimis, Ov. M. 3, 475; cf.: pulvis sputo turbatus, Petr. 131.—

II Trop.: non modo illa permiscuit, sed etiam delectum atque ordinem turbavit, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 50, § 123: qui omnia inflma summis paria fecit, turbavit, miscuit, id. Leg. 3, 9, 19: Aristoteles quoque multa turbat, a magistro Platone non dissentiens, id. N. D. 1, 13, 33: quantas res turbo! Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 1: quas meus filius turbas turbet, id. Bacch. 4, 9, 1; cf.: quae meus filius turbavit, id. ib. 5, 1, 5; id. Cas. 5, 2, 6: ne quid ille turbet vide, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7, § 24: haec, quae in re publicā turbantur, id. ib. 3, 9, 3: cum dies alicui nobilium dicta novis semper certaminibus contiones turbaret, Liv. 3, 66, 2: ne incertā prole auspicia turbarentur, id. 4, 6, 2: milites nihil in commune turbantes, Tac. H. 1, 85: turbantur (testes), Quint. 5, 7, 11; cf. id. 4, 5, 6; 5, 14, 29; 10, 7, 6: spem pacis, Liv. 2, 16, 5.—Absol.: Ph. Ea nos perturbat. Pa. Dum ne reducam, turbent porro, quam velint, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 12 (cf. I. B. 1. supra): repente turbare Fortuna coepit, Tac. A. 4, 1: si una alterave civitas turbet, id. ib. 3, 47: M. Servilius postquam, ut coeperat, omnibus in rebus turbarat, i. e. had deranged all his affairs, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 2.—Impers. pass.: nescio quid absente nobis turbatum'st domi, Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 7: totis Usque adeo turbatur agris, Verg. E. 1, 12: si in Hispaniā turbatum esset, Cic. Sull. 20, 57.—Hence, turbātus, a, um, P. a., troubled, disturbed, disordered, agitated, excited.

A Lit.: turbatius mare ingressus, more stormy, Suet. Calig. 23: turbatius caelum, id. Tib. 69.—

B Trop.: hostes inopinato malo turbati, Caes. B. C. 2, 12: oculis simul ac mente turbatus, Liv. 7, 26, 5: turbatus religione simul ac periculo, Suet. Ner. 19; cf.: turbatus animi, Sil. 14, 678: placare voluntates turbatas, Cic. Planc. 4, 11: seditionibus omnia turbata sunt, Sall. Or. Phil. contr. Lepid. 1: turbata cum Romanis pax, Just. 18, 2, 10: omnia soluta, turbata atque etiam in contrarium versa, Plin. Ep. 8, 14, 7; cf.: quae si confusa, turbata, permixta sunt, etc., id. ib. 9, 5, 3.—Hence, adv.: turbātē, confusedly, disorderly: aguntur omnia raptim atque turbate, in confusion, Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 1.

2. turbo — Lewis & Short

turbo, ĭnis, m. (collat. form tur-ben, ĭnis, n.,

Tib. 1, 5, 3; id. ap. Charis. p. 118 P.;

I gen. turbonis, Caes. ib.) [1. turbo], that which spins or twirls round (cf. vertex).

I A whirlwind, hurricane, tornado: ventus circumactus et eundem ambiens locum et se ipse vertigine concitans turbo est. Qui si pugnacior est ac diutius volutatur, inflammatur, et efficit, quem prhsth=ra Graeci vocant: hic est igneus turbo, Sen. Q. N. 5, 13, 3: falsum est faces et trabes turbine exprimi, id. ib. 7, 5, 1; 2, 22, 2; id. Ep. 109, 18: procellae, turbines, Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 51; cf.: saevi exsistunt turbines, Pac. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 39, 157 (Trag. Rel. p. 111 Rib.); Enn. ap. Schol. Vat. ad Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 4 (Ann. v. 553 Vahl.): venti vis rapido percurrens turbine campos, Lucr. 1, 273; cf. id. 1, 279; 1, 294; 5, 217; Ov. M. 6, 310: senatus decrevit, ut Minerva, quam turbo dejecerat, restitueretur, Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 1: turbo aut subita tempestas, id. Cael. 32, 79: pulvis collectus turbine, Hor. S. 1, 4, 31: venti rotanti turbine portant, Lucr. 1, 294: ita turbine nigro Ferret hiemps, Verg. G. 1, 320: venti ruunt et terras turbine perflant, id. A. 1, 83: accendi turbine quodam aëris, Sen. Q. N. 7, 4, 1.—In apposition with ventus: exoritur ventus turbo, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 47: circumstabant navem turbines venti, id. Trin. 4, 1, 16.—

B Trop., whirlwind, storm, etc.: qui in maximis turbinibus ac fluctibus rei publicae navem gubernassem, Cic. Pis. 9, 20: tu, procella patriae, turbo ac tempestas pacis atque otii, id. Dom. 53, 137: ego te in medio versantem turbine leti Eripui, Cat. 64, 149: cum illi soli essent duo rei publicae turbines, Cic. Sest. 11, 25: miserae mentis, Ov. Am. 2, 9, 28: miserarum rerum, id. M. 7, 614: nescio quo miserae turbine mentis agor, id. Am. 2, 9, 28: Gradivi, i. e. tumult of war, Sil. 11, 101: virtutem turbine nullo Fortuna excutiet tibi, Luc. 2, 243: horum mala, turbo quīs rerum imminet, Sen. Agam. 196.—

II Lit., a spinning-top, whipping-top, Verg. A. 7, 378 sq.; Tib. 1, 5, 3.—

B Transf., of things that have the shape or whirling motion of a top, as a reel, whirl, spindle, etc., Cic. Fat. 18, 42; Varr. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 449; Hor. Epod. 17, 7; Cat. 64, 315; Ov. M. 1, 336; Plin. 2, 10, 7, § 47; 9, 36, 61, § 130; 27, 4, 5, § 14; 36, 13, 19, § 90; 37, 4, 15, § 56.—

III A whirling motion, a whirl, twirl, twist, rotation, revolution, a round, circle (mostly poet.): cum caeli turbine ferri, Lucr. 5, 624: lunae, id. 5, 632: ignium, id. 6, 640; cf. Verg. A. 3, 573: teli (contorti), id. ib. 6, 594; cf. id. ib. 11, 284; Luc. 3, 465; Sil. 4, 542: saxi, whirling force, circular hurling, Verg. A. 12, 531: serpentis, i. e. the coiling, Sil. 3, 191: Aegaeus, whirlpool, vortex, Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 287; so, rapax, Stat Th. 4, 813: verterit hunc (servum in emancipatione) dominus, momento turbinis exit Marcus Dama, i. e. of whirling round, Pers. 5, 78: militiae turbine factus eques, i. e. through the round of military gradation or promotion, Ov. Am. 3, 15, 6: vulgi, i. e. a throng, crowd, Claud. II. Cons. Stil. 200.

3. Turbo — Lewis & Short

Turbo, ōnis, m.,

I the name of a gladiator, Hor. S. 2, 3, 310.

In the wild

turbatur Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 1.4.28
turbantes Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 6.4.10
turbando Silius Italicus, Punica 12.62
turbantur Ovid, Metamorphoses 15.517
turbaret Livy, Ab urbe condita 2.25.34.4
turbas Jerome, Epistulae. Selections. 125.2

6 of 1,355 attestations shown.

Where it came from

Ernout-Meillet, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue latine Treated in Ernout-Meillet, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue latine s.v. turbo (scan p. 732; entry #12217).

Latin text and lemmatization derived from the Perseus Digital Library (canonical-latinLit), CC BY-SA 4.0. Lewis & Short (public domain) via Perseus. This derived data is shared under the same CC BY-SA 4.0 license.