1. σκότος · skotos — Beekes
The corpus record
σκότος
skotos
darkness, dark
Generated live from the audited corpus — every figure on this page is a database query, not prose from memory.
Where it lives
- Jude 1 · 22.47/10k
- Job 24 · 18/10k
- De Sensu et Sensibilibus 11 · 14.08/10k
- 1 Thessalonians 2 · 13.76/10k
- Ecclesiastes 6 · 13.26/10k
- Joel 2 · 12.99/10k
- Ephesians 3 · 12.46/10k
- Nahum 1 · 10.83/10k
- Libation Bearers 5 · 9.3/10k
- 2 Peter 1 · 9.23/10k
- Sapientia Salomonis 6 · 8.69/10k
- Sophonias 1 · 8.45/10k
Densest 12 of 103 attested works shown, by occurrences per 10,000 attested tokens.
What it meant
2. σκότος · skotos — Chantraine
3. σκότος · skotos — Frisk
4. σκότος · skotos — LSJ
darkness, gloom, Od. 19.389, Emp. 121.4, Pi. Fr. 142, etc.; opp. φάος, A. Ch. 319 (lyr.), E. Hipp. 417, etc.; opp. ἡμέρα, Pl. Def. 411b.
in Il. always of the darkness of death, mostly in phrase τὸν δὲ σ. ὄσσε κάλυψεν 4.461, al.; στυγερὸς δʼ ἄρα μιν σ. εἷλεν 5.47, 13.672; so in Trag. and Com., σκότῳ θανεῖν E. Hipp. 837 (lyr.); ἤδη με περιβάλλει σ. Id. Ph. 1453; σ. γίγνεται Pherecr. 40; σκότον εἶναι τεθνηκότος (sc. Αἰσχύλου) Ar. Fr. 643.
of the nether world, Pi. Fr. 130; σκότον νέμονται Τάρταρόν τε A. Eu. 72, cf. Pers. 223; τὸν ἀεὶ κατὰ γᾶς σ. εἱμένος S. OC 1701 (lyr.); παῖδες ἀρχαίου Σκότου ib. 106; ἰὼ σ., ἐμὸν φάος Id. Aj. 394 (lyr.); γῆς σκότῳ κέκρυπται E. Hel. 62; σκότου πύλαι Id. Hec. 1.
the darkness of the womb, φυγόντα μητρόθεν σκότον A. Th. 664: pl., ἐν σκότοισι νηδύος τεθραμμένη Id. Eu. 665.
of blindness, σκότου νέφος S. OT 1313 (lyr.); ὁθούνεκʼ . . ἐν σκότῳ . . ὀψοίατο, i.e. οὐκέτι ὀψοίατο, ib. 1273; βλέποντα νῦν μὲν ὄρθʼ, ἔπειτα δὲ σκότον, i.e. μηδέν, ib. 419; σκότον δεδορκώς E. Ph. 377, cf. HF 563.
dizziness, vertigo, Hp. Epid. 5.23; σκότοι πρὸ τῶν ὀμμάτων Arist. HA 584a3; cf. σκοτόδινος, -δινιάω.
metaph., σκότῳ κρύπτειν hide in darkness, S. El. 1396 (lyr.), cf. Pi. Frr. 42.5, 228; σκότον ἔχειν to be in darkness, obscurity, Id. N. 7.13, E. Fr. 1052.8; ἀπορία καὶ σ. Pl. Lg. 837a; περικαλύψαι τοῖσι πράγμασι σκότον E. Ion 1522: with Preps., διὰ σκότους ἡ ὁδός it is dark and uncertain, X. An. 2.5.9; ἐν σ. καθήμενος Pi. O. 1.83; μηδὲν ἐν σ. τεχνωμένων S. Ant. 494; κατὰ σκότον Id. Ph. 578; ὑπὸ σκότου Id. Ant. 692, E. Or. 1457 (lyr.), X. Cyr. 4.6.4; ὑπὸ σκότῳ A. Ag. 1030 (lyr.), E. Ph. 1214.
of a person, Μητρότιμος ὁ σ., like ὁ σκοτεινός, the mystery-man, Hippon. 78; also, darkness, i.e. ignorance, D. 19.226; deceit, σ. καὶ ἀπάτη Pl. Lg. 864c.
pl., σκότη shadows in a picture, Paus.Gr. Fr. 300, Suid. s.v. ἀπεσκοτωμένα, Eust. 953.51.—Ael.Dion. Fr. 217 regarded the masc. as the Att. form: the neut. never occurs in Ar., and is nowhere required by the metre in Trag., though it sts. occurs in codd., E. Hec. 831, HF 1159, Fr. 534, v.l. in S. OC 40, dub. l. in A. Fr. 6; it is found, however, without v.l., in Pi. Fr. 42.5 and Att. Prose, Pl. R. 516e, Cra. 418c, D. 18.159, etc.; also in Hdt. 2.121.εʹ, X. An. 2.5.9, 7.4.18; the word is always ne
In the wild
- σκότῳ · skotōi Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1641–1642
- σκότῳ · skotōi Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1030–1034
- σκότοισι · skotoisi Aeschylus, Eumenides 663–666
- σκότον · skoton Aeschylus, Eumenides 71–73
- σκότῳ · skotōi Aeschylus, Libation Bearers 315–319
- σκότου · skotou Aeschylus, Libation Bearers 61–65
6 of 328 attestations shown. Ask for more.
Where it came from
- Treated in Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill 2010) s.v. σκότος (scan pp. 1410-1411; entry #5625). Root candidates: *skoto-, *skadu-, *haidu-.
- Treated in Chantraine, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grecque s.v. σκότος (scan p. 1042; entry #7388). Root candidates: *skadu-.
- Treated in Frisk, Griechisches etymologisches Worterbuch s.v. σκότος (scan pp. 1711-1712; entry #5228). Root candidates: *skaöu-, *haiöu-, *sköto-.
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