ex

I e occurs 19 times, but ex 61 times, before consonants—but no rule can be given for the usage; cf., e. g., ex and e together: qui ex corporum vinculis tamquam e carcere evolaverunt, Cic. Rep. 6, 14. But certain expressions have almost constantly the same form, as ex parte, ex sententia, ex senatus consulto, ex lege, ex tempore, etc.; but e regione, e re nata, e vestigio, e medio, and e republica used adverbially; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 756 sq.), praep. with abl. [kindr. with Gr. e)k, e)c], denotes out from the interior of a thing, in opposition to in (cf. ab and de init.), out of, from.

I In space.

A Prop.: interea e portu nostra navis solvitur, Ubi portu exiimus, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 54: quam (sphaeram) M. Marcelli avus captis Syracusis ex urbe locupletissima atque ornatissima sustulisset, cum aliud nihil ex tanta praeda domum suam deportavisset, Cic. Rep. 1, 14: influxit non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem, id. ib. 2, 19: visam, ecquae advenerit In portum ex Epheso navis mercatoria, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 3, 2, 5; 3, 6, 32 al.: magno de flumine malim quam ex hoc fonticulo tantundem sumere, Hor. S. 1, 1, 56; cf.: nec vos de paupere mensa Dona nec e puris spernite fictilibus, Tib. 1, 1, 38: clanculum ex aedibus me edidi foras, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 9; so freq. with verbs compounded with ex; also with verbs compounded with ab and de, v. abeo, abscedo, amoveo, aveho, etc.; decedo, deduco, defero, deicio, etc.—

2 In a downward direction, from, down from, from off: ex spelunca saxum in crura ejus incidisse, Cic. Fat. 3, 6; cf. Liv. 35, 21: picis e caelo demissum flumen, Lucr. 6, 257: equestribus proeliis saepe ex equis desiliunt, Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 3; cf.: cecidisse ex equo dicitur, Cic. Clu. 62 fin.: e curru trahitur, id. Rep. 2, 41: e curru desilit, Ov. A. A. 1, 559 et saep., v. cado, decido, decurro, deduco, delabor, elabor, etc.—

3 In an upward direction, from, above: collis paululum ex planitie editus, Caes. B. G. 2, 8, 3: globum terrae eminentem e mari, Cic. Tusc. 1, 28; and trop.: consilia erigendae ex tam gravi casu rei publicae, Liv. 6, 2.—

B Transf.

1 To indicate the country, and, in gen., the place from or out of which any person or thing comes, from: ex Aethiopia est usque haec, Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 18: quod erat ex eodem municipio, Cic. Clu. 17, 49; cf. id. ib. 5, 11.—Freq. without a verb: Philocrates ex Alide, Plaut. Capt. 3, 2, 10: ex Aethiopia ancillula, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 85 Ruhnk.: negotiator ex Africa, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5: Epicurei e Graecia, id. N. D. 1, 21, 58: Q. Junius ex Hispania quidam, Caes. B. G. 5, 27: ex India elephanti, Liv. 35, 32: civis Romanus e conventu Panhormitano, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54 Zumpt; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 59 fin.: meretrix e proxumo, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 38; cf. id. Aul. 2, 4, 11: puer ex aula (sc. regis barbari), Hor. C. 1, 29, 7: ex spelunca saxum, Cic. Fat. 3, 6: saxum ex capitolio, Liv. 35, 21, 6: ex equo cadere, Cic. Clu. 32, 175; cf. id. Fat. 3, 6; Auct. B. Hisp. 15 et saep.—

2 To indicate the place from which any thing is done or takes place, from, down from: ibi tum derepente ex alto in altum despexit mare, Enn. ap. Non. 518, 6 (for which: a summo caelo despicere, Ov. A. A. 2, 87; and: de vertice montis despicere, id. M. 11, 503); cf.: T. Labienus ... ex loco superiore conspicatus, etc., Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 4: ex qua (villa) jam audieram fremitum clientium meorum, Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3: ex hoc ipso loco permulta contra legem eam verba fecisti, id. de Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; so id. ib. 8 fin.; cf.: judices aut e plano aut e quaesitoris tribunali admonebat, Suet. Tib. 33: ex equo, ex prora, ex puppi pugnare, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 202 and 209; cf. Caes. B. G. 2, 27, 3: ex vinculis causam dicere, id. ib. 1, 4, 1; Liv. 29, 19.—Hence the adverbial expressions, ex adverso, ex diverso, ex contrario, e regione, ex parte, e vestigio, etc.; v. the words adversus, diversus, etc.—Also, ex itinere, during or on a journey, on the march, without halting, Cic. Fam. 3, 9; Sall. C. 34, 2; Liv. 35, 24; Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 1; 3, 21, 2; id. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Sall. J. 56, 3 al.; cf. also: ex fuga, during the flight, Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 6; id. B. C. 3, 95; 96 fin.; Sall. J. 54, 4 Kritz.; Liv. 6, 29; 28, 23 al.

II In time.

A From a certain point of time, i. e. immediately after, directly after, after (in this sense more freq. than ab): Cotta ex consulatu est profectus in Galliam, Cic. Brut. 92, 318; so, ex consulatu, Liv. 4, 31 Drak.; 40, 1 fin.; 22, 49; 27, 34; Vell. 2, 33, 1 al.: ex praetura, Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53; id. Mur. 7, 15; Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 4; 1, 31, 2: ex dictatura, Liv. 10, 5 fin.: ex eo magistratu, Vell. 2, 31 et saep.; cf.: Agrippa ex Asia (pro consule eam provinciam annuo imperio tenuerat) Moesiae praepositus est, Tac. H. 3, 46 fin.: statim e somno lavantur, id. G. 22: tanta repente vilitas annonae ex summa inopia et caritate rei frumentariae consecuta est, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; cf. Liv. 21, 39: ex aliquo graviore actu personam deponere, Quint. 6, 2, 35: mulier ex partu si, etc., Cels. 2, 8: ex magnis rupibus nactus planitiem, Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 3; cf.: ex maximo bello tantum otium totae insulae conciliavit, ut, etc., Nop. Timol. 3, 2; and: ex magna desperatione tandem saluti redditus, Just. 12, 10, 1 et saep.: ex quo obses Romae fuit, since he was a hostage in Rome, Liv. 40, 5 fin.—So the phrase, aliud ex alio, one thing after another: me quotidie aliud ex alio impedit, Cic. Fam. 9, 19 fin.; Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14 (cf. also, alius, D.): aliam rem ex alia cogitare, Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 3: alia ex aliis iniquiora postulando, Liv. 4, 2.—So, too, diem ex die exspectabam, one day after another, from day to day, Cic. Att. 7, 26 fin.; cf.: diem ex die ducere, Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5 (v. dies, I. A. b.).—

2 With names of office or calling, to denote one who has completed his term of office, or has relinquished his vocation. So in class. Lat. very dub.; for the passage, Caes. B. C. 1, 46, 4, belongs more correctly under III. B. It is, however, very common in post-class. Lat., esp. in inscriptions—ex consule, ex comite, ex duce, ex equite, ex praefecto, etc.—an ex-consul, etc. (for which, without good MS. authority, the nominatives exconsul, excomes, exdux, etc., are sometimes assumed, in analogy with proconsul, and subvillicus; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 562, note, and the authors there cited): vir excelsus ex quaestore et ex consule Tribonianus, Cod. Just. 1, 17, 2, § 9; cf.: Pupienus et Balbinus, ambo ex consulibus, Capitol. Gord. 22: duo ante ipsam aram a Gallicano ex consulibus et Maecenate ex ducibus interempti sunt, id. ib.: mandabat Domitiano, ex comite largitionum, praefecto, ut, etc., Amm. 14, 7, 9: Serenianus ex duce, id. 14, 7, 7: INLVSTRIS EX PRAEFECTO praeTORIO ET EX PRAEFECTO VRbis, Inscr. Orell. 2355 al., v. Inscr. Orell. in Indice, p. 525.— And of a period of life: quem si Constans Imperator olim ex adulto jamque maturum audiret, etc., i. e. who had outgrown the period of youth, and was now a man, Amm. 16, 7.—

B From and after a given time, from ... onward, from, since (cf. ab, II. A. 2.): bonus volo jam ex hoc die esse, Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 10: itaque ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit, Cic. Quint. 5 fin.: nec vero usquam discedebam, nec a republica deiciebam oculos, ex eo die, quo, etc., id. Phil. 1, 1: ex aeterno tempore, id. Fin. 1, 6, 17: ex hoc die, id. Rep. 1, 16: motum ex Metello consule civicum tractas, from the consulship of Metellus, Hor. C. 2, 1, 1: C. Pompeius Diogenes ex Kalendis Juliis cenaculum locat, Petr. 38, 10; so usually in forms of hiring; cf. Garaton. Cic. Phil. 2, 39, 100: ex ea die ad hanc diem, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12 fin.: memoria tenent, me ex Kalendis Januariis ad hanc horam invigilasse rei publicae, id. Phil. 14, 7, 20.—Esp.: ex quo (sc. tempore), since: octavus annus est, ex quo, etc., Tac. Agr. 33; id. A. 14, 53: sextus decimus dies agitur, ex quo, id. H. 1, 29: sextus mensis est, ex quo, Curt. 10, 6, 9; Hor. Ep. 11, 5; so, ex eo, Tac. A. 12, 7; Suet. Caes. 22: ex illo, Ov. F. 5, 670; Stat. Silv. 1, 2, 81.—

C Less freq. in specifying a future date (after which something is to be done), from, after: Romae vereor ne ex Kal. Jan. magni tumultus sint, Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 3: hunc judicem ex Kal. Jan. non habemus ... ex Kal. Jan. non judicabunt, Cic. Verr. 1, 10: ex Idibus Mart. ... ex Idibus Mai., id. Att. 5, 21, 9.

III In other relations, and in gen. where a going out or forth, a coming or springing out of any thing is conceivable.

A With verbs of taking out, or, in gen., of taking, receiving, deriving (both physically and mentally; so of perceiving, comprehending, inquiring, learning, hoping, etc.), away from, from, out of, of: solem e mundo tollere videntur, qui amicitiam e vita tollunt, Cic. Lael. 13, 47: ex omni populo deligendi potestas, id. Agr. 2, 9, 23: agro ex hoste capto, Liv. 41, 14, 3: cui cum liceret majores ex otio fructus capere, Cic. Rep. 1, 4: ex populo Romano bona accipere, Sall. J. 102: majorem laetitiam ex desiderio bonorum percepimus, quam ex laetitia improborum dolorem, Cic. Rep. 1, 4: quaesierat ex me Scipio, id. ib. 1, 13: ex te requirunt, id. ib. 2, 38: de quo studeo ex te audire, quid sentias, id. ib. 1, 11 fin.; 1, 30; 1, 46; 2, 38; cf.: intellexi ex tuis litteris te ex Turannio audisse, etc., id. Att. 6, 9, 3: ex eo cum ab ineunte ejus aetate bene speravissem, id. Fam. 13, 16 et saep.; cf.: ex aliqua re aliquid nominare, id. N. D. 2, 20, 51: vocare, Tac. G. 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 4, 55; Sall. J. 5, 4.—

B In specifying a multitude from which something is taken, or of which it forms a part, out of, of: qui ex civitate in senatum, ex senatu in hoc consilium delecti estis, Cic. Rosc. Am. 3 fin.: e vectoribus sorte ductus, id. Rep. 1, 34: ecquis est ex tanto populo, qui? etc., id. Rab. Post. 17: homo ex numero disertorum postulabat, ut, etc., id. de Or. 1, 37, 168: Q. Fulgentius, ex primo hastato (sc. ordine) legionis XIV., i. e. a soldier of the first division of hastati of the 14th legion, Caes. B. C. 1, 46; v. hastatus: e barbaris ipsis nulli erant maritimi, Cic. Rep. 2, 4: unus ex illis decemviris, id. ib. 2, 37: ex omnibus seculis vix tria aut quatuor nominantur paria amicorum, id. Lael. 4, 15: aliquis ex vobis, id. Cael. 3, 7; id. Fam. 13, 1 fin.: id enim ei ex ovo videbatur aurum declarasse; reliquum, argentum, this of the egg, id. Div. 2, 65: quo e collegio (sc. decemvirorum), id. Rep. 2, 36: virgines ex sacerdotio Vestae, Flor. 1, 13, 12: alia ex hoc quaestu, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 29 Ruhnk.; cf.: fuit eodem ex studio vir eruditus apud patres nostros, Cic. Mur. 36; Ov. Am. 2, 5, 54; Sen. Ben. 3, 9; id. Ep. 52, 3: qui sibi detulerat ex latronibus suis principatum, Cic. Phil. 2, 3: est tibi ex his, qui assunt, bella copia, id. Rep. 2, 40: Batavi non multum ex ripa, sed insulam Rheni amnis colunt, Tac. G. 29: acerrimum autem ex omnibus nostris sensibus esse sensum videndi, Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357: ex tribus istis modis rerum publicarum velim scire quod optimum judices, id. Rep. 1, 30; cf. id. ib. 1, 35 et saep.—

2 Sometimes a circumlocution for the subject. gen., of (cf. de): has (turres) altitudo puppium ex barbaris navibus superabat, Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 4: album ex ovo cum rosa mixtum, Cels. 4, 20: ex fraxino frondes, ex leguminibus paleae, Col. 7, 3, 21 sq.—

C To indicate the material of which any thing is made or consists, of: fenestrae e viminibus factae, Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 6; cf.: statua ex aere facta, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21; and: ex eo auro buculam curasse faciendam, id. Div. 1, 24: substramen e palea, Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 4: pocula ex auro, vas vinarium ex una gemma pergrandi, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27: monilia e gemmis, Suet. Calig. 56: farina ex faba, Cels. 5, 28: potiones ex absinthio, id. ib. et saep.: Ennius (i. e. statua ejus) constitutus ex marmore, Cic. Arch. 9 fin.; cf. id. Ac. 2, 31, 100: (homo) qui ex animo constet et corpore caduco et infirmo, id. N. D. 1, 35, 98: natura concreta ex pluribus naturis, id. ib. 3, 14; id. Rep. 1, 45; id. Ac. 1, 2, 6: cum Epicuro autem hoc est plus negotii, quod e duplici genere voluptatis conjunctus est, id. Fin. 2, 14, 44 et saep.—

D To denote technically the material, out of, i. e. with which any thing to eat or drink, etc., is mixed or prepared (esp. freq. of medical preparations): resinam ex melle Aegyptiam, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 28: quo pacto ex jure hesterno panem atrum vorent, Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 17: bibat jejunus ex aqua castoreum, Cels. 3, 23: aqua ex lauro decocta, id. 4, 2; cf.: farina tritici ex aceto cocta, Plin. 22, 25, 57, § 120: pullum hirundinis servatum ex sale, Cels. 4, 4: nuclei pinei ex melle, panis vel elota alica ex aqua mulsa (danda est), id. 4, 7 et saep.—So of the mixing of colors or flavors: bacae e viridi rubentes, Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 127: frutex ramosus, bacis e nigro rufis, id. ib. § 132: id solum e rubro lacteum traditur, id. 12, 14, 30, § 52: e viridi pallens, id. 37, 8, 33, § 110: apes ex aureolo variae, Col. 9, 3, 2: sucus ex austero dulcis, Plin. 13, 9, 18, § 62; 21, 8, 26, § 50: ex dulci acre, id. 11, 15, 15, § 39; cf. trop.: erat totus ex fraude et mendacio factus, Cic. Clu. 26.—

E To indicate the cause or reason of any thing, from, through, by, by reason of, on account of: cum esset ex aere alieno commota civitas, Cic. Rep. 2, 33: ex doctrina nobilis et clarus, id. Rab. Post. 9, 23: ex vulnere aeger, id. Rep. 2, 21; cf.: ex renibus laborare, id. Tusc. 2, 25: ex gravitate loci vulgari morbos, Liv. 25, 26: ex vino vacillantes, hesterna ex potatione oscitantes, Quint. 8, 33, 66: gravida e Pamphilo est, Ter. And. 1, 3, 11: credon' tibi hoc, nunc peperisse hanc e Pamphilo? id. ib. 3, 2, 17: ex se nati, Cic. Rep. 1, 35: ex quodam conceptus, id. ib. 2, 21: ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, id. ib. 1, 44: ex hac maxima libertate tyrannis gignitur, id. ib. et saep.: ex te duplex nos afficit sollicitudo, Cic. Brut. 97, 332; cf.: quoniam tum ex me doluisti, nunc ut duplicetur tuum ex me gaudium, praestabo, id. Fam. 16, 21, 3: in spem victoriae adductus ex opportunitate loci, Sall. J. 48, 2: veritus ex anni tempore et inopia aquae, ne siti conficeretur exercitus, id. ib. 50, 1 et saep.: ex Transalpinis gentibus triumphare, Cic. Phil. 8, 6, 18; id. Off. 2, 8, 28; cf. id. Fam. 3, 10, 1: gens Fabia saepe ex opulentissima Etrusca civitate victoriam tulit, Liv. 2, 50: ex tam propinquis stativis parum tuta frumentatio erat, i. e. on account of the proximity of the two camps, Liv. 31, 36: qua ex causa cum bellum Romanis Sabini intulissent, Cic. Rep. 2, 7: hic mihi (credo equidem ex hoc, quod eramus locuti) Africanus se ostendit, id. ib. 6, 10: quod ex eo sciri potest, quia, etc., id. Tusc. 1, 18 fin.; cf. id. Leg. 1, 15, 43: causa ... fuit ex eo, quod, etc., id. Phil. 6, 1: ex eo fieri, ut, etc., id. Lael. 13, 46: ex quo fit, ut, etc., id. Rep. 1, 43: e quo efficitur, non ut, etc., id. Fin. 2, 5, 15 et saep.—Sometimes between two substantives without a verb: non minor ex aqua postea quam ab hostibus clades, Flor. 4, 10, 8: ex nausea vomitus, Cels. 4, 5: ex hac clade atrox ira, Liv. 2, 51, 6: metus ex imperatore, contemptio ex barbaris, Tac. A. 11, 20: ex legato timor, id. Agr. 16 et saep.—

2 In partic., to indicate that from which any thing derives its name, from, after, on account of: cui postea Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit, Sall. J. 5, 4; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 11: cui (sc. Tarquinio) cognomen Superbo ex moribus datum, id. 1, 7, 1: nomen ex vitio positum, Ov. F. 2, 601: quarum ex disparibus motionibus magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt, Cic. N. D. 2, 20; id. Leg. 1, 8; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 12; Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 123: holosteon sine duritia est, herba ex adverso appellata a Graecis, id. 27, 10, 65, § 91: quam urbem e suo nomine Romam jussit nominari, Cic. Rep. 2, 7: e nomine (nominibus), id. ib. 2, 20; Tac. A. 4, 55; id. G. 2; Just. 15, 4, 8; 20, 5, 9 et saep.—

F To indicate a transition, i. e. a change, alteration, from one state or condition to another, from, out of: si possum tranquillum facere ex irato mihi, Plaut. Cist. 3, 21: fierent juvenes subito ex infantibus parvis, Lucr. 1, 186: dii ex hominibus facti, Cic. Rep. 2, 10: ut exsistat ex rege dominus, ex optimatibus factio, ex populo turba et confusio, id. ib. 1, 45: nihil est tam miserabile quam ex beato miser, id. Part. 17; cf.: ex exsule consul, id. Manil. 4, 46: ex perpetuo annuum placuit, ex singulari duplex, Flor. 1, 9, 2: tua virtute nobis Romanos ex amicis amicissimos fecisti, Sall. J. 10: ex alto sapore excitati, Curt. 7, 11, 18.—

G Ex (e) re, ex usu or ex injuria, to or for the advantage or injury of any one: ex tua re non est, ut ego emoriar, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102; 104; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 76: Cervius haec inter vicinus garrit aniles Ex re fabellas, i. e. fitting, suitable, pertinent (= pro commodo, quae cum re proposita conveniant), Hor. S. 2, 6, 78: aliquid facere bene et e re publica, for the good, the safety of the state, Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 25: e (not ex) re publica, id. ib. 3, 12, 30; 8, 4, 13; id. de Or. 2, 28, 124; id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; Liv. 23, 24; Suet. Caes. 19 et saep.: exque re publica, Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36: non ex usu nostro est, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 60; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 10; Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 2; 1, 50 fin.; 5, 6 fin. al.; cf.: ex utilitate, Plin. Pan. 67, 4; Tac. A. 15, 43: ex nullius injuria, Liv. 45, 44, 11.—

H To designate the measure or rule, according to, after, in conformity with which any thing is done: (majores) primum jurare EX SVI ANIMI SENTENTIA quemque voluerunt, Cic. Ac. 2, 47 fin. (cf. Beier, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108, and the references): ex omnium sententia constitutum est, etc., id. Clu. 63, 177; cf.: ex senatus sententia, id. Fam. 12, 4: ex collegii sententia, Liv. 4, 53: ex amicorum sententia, id. 40, 29: ex consilii sententia, id. 45, 29 et saep.; cf. also: ex sententia, i. q. ex voluntate, according to one's wish, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 96: Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 32; Cic. Fam. 12, 10, 2; id. Att. 5, 21 al.; and, in a like sense: ex mea sententia, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 1; id. Merc. 2, 3, 36: ex senatus consulto, Cic. Rep. 3, 18; Sall. C. 42 fin.: ex edicto, ex decreto, Cic. Fam. 13, 56 fin.; id. Quint. 8, 30: ex lege, id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 19; id. Clu. 37, 103; id. Inv. 1, 38, 68: ex jure, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10, 4 (Ann. v. 276 ed. Vahl.); Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll.; Cic. Mur. 12, 26; id. de Or. 1, 10, 41: ex foedere, Liv. 1, 23 et saep.: hunccine erat aequum ex illius more, an illum ex hujus vivere? Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 29; so, ex more, Sall. J. 61, 3; Verg. A. 5, 244; 8, 186; Ov. M. 14, 156; 15, 593; Plin. Ep. 3, 18; Flor. 4, 2, 79 al.; cf.: ex consuetudine, Cic. Clu. 13, 38; Caes. B. G. 1, 52, 4; 4, 32, 1; Sall. J. 71, 4; Quint. 2, 7, 1 al.: quod esse volunt e virtute, id est honeste vivere, Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 34: ex sua libidine moderantur, Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 4; cf. Sall. C. 8, 1: ut magis ex animo rogare nihil possim, Cic. Fam. 13, 8, 3: eorum ex ingenio ingenium horum probant, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 42; cf. Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 118; Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A.: leges ex utilitate communi, non ex scriptione, quae in litteris est, interpretari, Cic. Inv. 1, 38; cf. id. Lael. 6, 21: nemo enim illum ex trunco corporis spectabat, sed ex artificio comico aestimabat, id. Rosc. Com. 10, 28; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Caes. B. G. 3, 20, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2 al.: ex tuis verbis meum futurum corium pulcrum praedicas, Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 19; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 17; id. Att. 1, 3: nunc quae scribo, scribo ex opinione hominum atque fama, id. Fam. 12, 4 fin.: scripsit Tiberio, non ut profugus aut supplex, sed ex memoria prioris fortunae, Tac. A. 2, 63: quamquam haec quidem res non solum ex domestica est ratione; attingit etiam bellicam, Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76; cf. id. Quint. 11; 15 et saep.—E re rata, v. ratus.—

I To form adverbial expressions, such as: ex aequo, ex commodo, ex contrario, ex composito, ex confesso, ex destinato, ex diverso, ex facili, etc., ex affluenti, ex continenti; ex improviso, ex inopinato, etc., v. the words aequus, commodus, etc.!*? Ex placed after its noun: variis ex, Lucr. 2, 791: terris ex, id. 6, 788: quibus e sumus uniter apti, id. 3, 839; 5, 949.—E joined with que: que sacra quercu, Verg. E. 7, 13.

IV In composition, ex (cf. dis) before vowels and h, and before c, p, q, t (exagito, exeo, exigo, exoro, exuro, exhaurio; excedo, expello, exquiro, extraho); ef (sometimes ec) before f (effero, effluo, effringo; also in good MSS. ecfero, ecfari, ecfodio), elsewhere e (eblandior, educo, egredior, eicio, eligo, emitto, enitor, evado, eveho). A few exceptions are found, viz., in ex: epoto and epotus as well as expotus, and escendo as well as exscensio; in e: exbibo as well as ebibo; exballisto, exbola; exdorsuo; exfututa as well as effutuo; exfibulo; exlex, etc. After ex in compounds s is often elided in MSS. and edd. Both forms are correct, but the best usage and analogy favor the retaining of the s; so, exsaevio, exsanguis, exscensio, exscindo, exscribo, exsculpo, exseco, exsecror, exsequiae, exsequor, exsero, exsicco, exsilio, exsilium, exsisto, exsolvo, exsomnis, exsorbeo, exsors, exspecto, exspes, exspiro, exspolio, exspuo, exsterno, exstimulo, exstinguo, exstirpo, exsto, exstruo, exsudo, exsugo, exsul, exsulto, exsupero, exsurgo, exsuscito, and some others, with their derivv.; cf. Ribbeck, Prol. Verg. p. 445 sq. Only in escendere and escensio is the elision of x before s sustained by preponderant usage; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 766.—

B Signification.

1 Primarily and most freq. of place, out or forth: exeo, elabor, educo, evado, etc.; and in an upward direction: emineo, effervesco, effero, erigo, exsurgo, exsulto, extollo, everto, etc.—Hence also, trop., out of (a former nature), as in effeminare, qs. to change out of his own nature into that of a woman: effero, are, to render wild; thus ex comes to denote privation or negation, Engl. un-: exanimare, excusare, enodare, exonerare, effrenare, egelidus, I., elinguis, elumbis, etc.—

2 Throughout, to the end: effervesco, effero, elugeo; so in the neuter verbs which in composition (esp. since the Aug. per.) become active: egredior, enavigo, eno, enitor, excedo, etc.—Hence, thoroughly, utterly, completely: elaudare, emori, enecare, evastare, evincere (but eminari and eminatio are false readings for minari and minatio; q. v.); and hence a simple enhancing of the principal idea: edurus, efferus, elamentabilis, egelidus, exacerbo, exaugeo, excolo, edisco, elaboro, etc. In many compounds, however, of post - Aug. and especially of post-class. Latinity this force of ex is no longer distinct; so in appellations of color: exalbidus, exaluminatus, etc.; so in exabusus, exambire, exancillatus, etc. Vid. Hand Turs. II. pp. 613-662.