1. fallo — Lewis & Short
fallo, fĕfelli, falsum, 3 (archaic
I inf. praes. pass. fallier, Pers. 3, 50; perf. pass. fefellitus sum, Petr. Fragm. 61, MSS.), v. a. Sanscr. sphal, sphul, to waver; Gr. sfa/llw, a)-sfalh/s, to deceive, trick, dupe, cheat, disappoint (freq. and class.; syn.: decipio, impono, frustror, circumvenio, emungo, fraudo).
I In gen.
(a) Of living objects:
T. Roscius non unum rei pecuniariae socium fefellit, verum novem homines honestissimos ejusdem muneris, etc. ... induxit, decepit, destituit, omni fraude et perfidia fefellit,Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 116 sq.; so,
aliquem dolis,Ter. And. 3, 2, 13; cf. id. Heaut. 3, 1, 61:
senem,Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 43:
referam gratiam, atque eas itidem fallam, ut ab illis fallimur,Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 93: tu illum fructu fallas, Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:
id ipsum sui fallendi causa milites ab hostibus factum existimabant,Caes. B. G. 7, 50, 2:
tum laqueis captare feras et fallere visco Inventum,Verg. G. 1, 139; cf. Ov. M. 15, 474:
is enim sum, nisi me forte fallo, qui, etc.,Cic. Phil. 12, 8, 21:
num me fefellit, Catilina, non modo res tanta, verum dies?id. Cat. 1, 3, 7:
nisi me fallit animus,id. Rosc. Am. 17, 48; cf.:
neque eum prima opinio fefellit,Caes. B. C. 3, 67, 3:
ne spes eum fallat,Cic. Fam. 1, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 10, 4:
si in hominibus eligendis spes amicitiae nos fefellerit,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 28:
in quo cum eum opinio fefellisset,Nep. Ages. 3, 5:
nisi forte me animus fallit,Sall. C. 20, 17:
nisi memoria me fallit,fails me, Gell. 20, p. 285 Bip.:
nisi me omnia fallunt,Cic. Att. 8, 7, 1; cf.:
omnia me fallunt, nisi, etc.,Sen. Ep. 95 med.:
nisi quid me fallit,Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 6; cf.:
si quid nunc me fallit in scribendo,id. ib. 3, 5, 4:
dominum sterilis saepe fefellit ager,Ov. A. A. 1, 450:
certe hercle hic se ipsus fallit, non ego,Ter. And. 3, 2, 15:
tam libenter se fallunt, quam si una fata decipiunt,Sen. Brev. Vit. 11, 1:
cum alios falleret, se ipsum tamen non fefellit,Lact. 1, 22, 5.— Pass. in mid. force, to deceive one's self, be deceived, to err, be mistaken:
errore quodam fallimur in disputando,Cic. Rep. 3, 35:
qua (spe) possumus falli: deus falli qui potuit?id. N. D. 3, 31, 76:
memoriā falli,Plin. 10, 42, 59, § 118:
jamque dies, nisi fallor, adest,Verg. A. 5, 49; Cic. Att. 4, 17, 1; 16, 6, 2:
ni fallor,Ov. F. 4, 623; Lact. 2, 19, 1; cf.:
ordinis haec virtus erit et venus, aut ego fallor,Hor. A. P. 42.—With object-clause:
dicere non fallar, quo, etc.,Luc. 7, 288:
quamquam haut falsa sum, nos odiosas haberi,Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 4; cf.:
id quam facile sit mihi, haud sum falsus,id. Men. 5, 2, 3; Ter. And. 4, 1, 23; Sall. J. 85, 20:
neque ea res falsum me habuit,did not deceive me, id. ib. 10, 1:
ut falsus animi est!Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 43.—
(b) Of inanim. or abstr. objects:
promissum,not to fulfil, Curt. 7, 10, 9:
fidem hosti datam fallere,to violate, break, betray, deceive, Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39:
quodsi meam spem vis improborum fefellerit atque superaverit,id. Cat. 4, 11, 23; cf. id. de Or. 1, 1, 2:
non fallam opinionem tuam,id. Fam. 1, 6 fin.; cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 86 fin.:
imperium,to fail to execute, Plin. 7, 37, 38, § 125:
cum lubrica saxa vestigium fallerent,betrayed, Curt. 4, 9.—Poet.:
tu faciem illius Falle dolo,imitate deceptively, assume, Verg. A. 1, 684:
sua terga nocturno lupo,i. e. to hide, conceal, Prop. 4, 5, 14:
casses, retia,to shun, avoid, Ov. H. 20, 45; 190. —
(g) Absol.: neque quo pacto fallam ... Scio quicquam, Caecil. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29 fin.:
cum maxime fallunt, id agunt, ut viri boni esse videantur,Cic. Off. 1, 13, 41:
ea (divinatio) fallit fortasse nonnumquam,id. Div. 1, 14, 25:
non in sortitione fallere,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 132:
in ea re,Nep. Them. 7, 2; Cels. 7, 26, 2: ne falleret bis relata eadem res, Liv. 29, 35, 2:
ut, si quid possent, de induciis fallendo impetrarent,Caes. B. G. 4, 13, 5:
germinat et numquam fallentis termes olivae,Hor. Epod. 16, 45:
plerumque sufflati atque tumidi (oratores) fallunt pro uberibus,Gell. 7, 14, 5.—
B Impers.: fallit (me) I deceive myself, I mistake, am mistaken:
sed nos, nisi me fallit, jacebimus,Cic. Att. 14, 12, 2; cf.:
nisi me propter benevolentiam forte fallebat,id. Cael. 19, 45; id. Sest. 50, 106:
nec eum fefellit,id. Off. 2, 7, 25:
vide, ne te fallat,Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 25. And cf. under II. B. 2.
II In partic.
A To deceive in swearing, to swear falsely:
is jurare cum coepisset, vox eum defecit in illo loco: SI SCIENS FALLO,Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 2; cf.:
lapidem silicem tenebant juraturi per Jovem haec verba dicentes: SI SCIENS FALLO, TVM ME DISPITER, etc., Paul. ex Fest. s. v. lapidem, p. 115 Müll.: si sciens fefellisset,Plin. Pan. 64, 3; cf. Liv. 21, 45, 8; Prop. 4, 7, 53:
expedit matris cineres opertos Fallere,i. e. to swear falsely by the ashes of your mother, Hor. C. 2, 8, 10.—
B With respect to one's knowledge or sight, for the more usual latēre: to lie concealed from, to escape the notice, elude the observation of a person (so in Cic., Sall., and Caes. for the most part only impers., v. 2. infra).
(a) With acc.:
neque enim hoc te, Crasse, fallit, quam multa sint et quam varia genera dicendi,Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 255:
tanto silentio in summum evasere, ut non custodes solum fallerent, sed, etc.,Liv. 5, 47, 3:
nec fefellit veniens ducem,id. 2, 19, 7; Curt. 7, 6, 4; cf.:
quin et Atridas duce te (Mercurio) ... Priamus ... Thessalosque ignes et iniqua Trojae Castra fefellit,Hor. C. 1, 10, 16:
quos fallere et effugere est triumphus,id. ib. 4, 4, 52:
Spartacum si qua potuit vagantem Fallere testa,id. ib. 3, 14, 20; Suet. Caes. 43:
nec te Pythagorae fallant arcana,Hor. Epod. 15, 21; id. Ep. 1, 6, 45:
nec quicquam eos, quae terra marique agerentur, fallebat,Liv. 41, 2, 1 Drak.:
ut plebem tribunosque falleret judicii rescindendi consilium initum,id. 4, 11, 4:
tanta celeritate, ut visum fallant,Plin. 9, 50, 74, § 157:
oculos littera fallit,cannot be distinctly read, Ov. A. A. 3, 627.— With acc. and inf.:
neutros fefellit hostes appropinquare,Liv. 31, 33, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.—Mid. with gen.:
nec satis exaudiebam, nec sermonis fallebar tamen,Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 55.—
(b) Absol., to escape notice, be unseen, remain undiscovered:
speculator Carthaginiensium, qui per biennium fefellerat, Romae deprehensus,Liv. 22, 33, 1; 25, 9, 2:
spes fallendi, resistendive, si non falleret,of remaining unnoticed, id. 21, 57, 5:
non fefellere ad Tifernum hostes instructi,id. 10, 14, 6.—So with part. perf., Liv. 42, 64, 3; 23, 19, 11.—With part. pres.: ne alio itinere hostis falleret ad urbem incedens, i. e. arrive secretly, lanqa/noi prosiw/n, Liv. 8, 20, 5; cf. id. 5, 47, 9; Verg. A. 7, 350:
nec vixit male, qui natus moriensque fefellit,i. e. has remained unnoticed, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 10:
fallere pro aliquo,to pass for, Gell. 7, 14:
bonus longe fallente sagitta,Verg. A. 9, 572.—
2 Impers.: fallit (me), it is concealed from me, unknown to me, I do not know, am ignorant of (for the most part only with negatives or in negative interrogations), constr. with subject-clause:
non me fefellit: sensi,Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 64:
num me fefellit, hosce id struere?Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 3; cf.:
in lege nulla esse ejusmodi capita, te non fallit,Cic. Att. 3, 23, 4:
nec me animi fallit, etc.,Lucr. 1, 136; 5, 97:
quem fallit?who does not know? Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 233:
neque vero Caesarem fefellit, quin, etc.,Caes. B C. 3, 94, 3.—
C To cause any thing (space, time, etc.) not to be observed or felt, to lighten any thing difficult, or to appease, silence any thing disagreeable, to beguile (poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
medias fallunt sermonibus horas Sentirique moram prohibent,Ov. M. 8, 652:
jam somno fallere curam,Hor. S. 2, 7, 114:
Fallebat curas aegraque corda labor,Ov. Tr. 3, 2, 16; cf.
dolores,id. ib. 5, 7, 39:
luctum,Val. Fl. 3, 319:
molliter austerum studio fallente laborem,Hor. S. 2, 2, 12; Ov. M. 6, 60; Plin. 27, 7, 28, § 49.—Prov.:
fallere credentem non est operosa puellam Gloria,Ov. H. 2, 63.—Hence, falsus, a, um, P. a., deceptive, pretended, feigned, deceitful, spurious, false (syn.: adulterinus, subditus, subditicius, spurius).
A Adj.:
testes aut casu veri aut malitia falsi fictique esse possunt,Cic. Div. 2, 11, 27; cf.:
falsum est id totum, neque solum fictum, sed etiam imperite absurdeque fictum,id. Rep. 2, 15:
ementita et falsa plenaque erroris,id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:
pro re certa spem falsam domum retulerunt,id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; cf.:
spe falsa atque fallaci,id. Phil. 12, 2, 7; so,
spes,id. Sull. 82, 91:
falsa et mendacia visa,id. Div. 2, 62, 127; cf.:
falsa et inania visa,id. ib.:
falsum et imitatione simulatum,id. de Or. 2, 45, 189; cf. id. Phil. 11, 2, 5:
argumentum,id. Inv. 1, 48, 90:
qui falsas lites falsis testimoniis Petunt,Plaut. Rud. prol. 13:
reperiuntur falsi falsimoniis,id. Bacch. 3, 6, 12:
ambitio multos mortales falsos fieri subegit,Sall. C. 10, 5 Kritz.:
pater (opp. verus),a supposed father, Ov. M. 9, 24; cf. id. ib. 1, 754:
falsi ac festinantes,Tac. A. 1, 7: suspectio, Enn. ap. Non. 511, 5:
nuntius,Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 175:
rumores,Caes. B. G. 6, 20, 2:
poena falsarum et corruptarum litterarum,Cic. Fl. 17, 39; cf.:
falsas esse litteras et a scriba vitiatas,Liv. 40, 55, 1:
falsarum tabularum rei,Suet. Aug. 19:
fama,Cic. Lael. 4, 15:
appellatio,Quint. 7, 3, 5:
sententiae,id. 8, 5, 7:
crimina,Hor. C. 3, 7, 14;
terrores,id. Ep. 2, 1, 212:
opprobria,i. e. undeserved, id. ib. 1, 16, 38; cf.
honor,id. ib. 39: falsi Simoëntis ad undam, i. e. fictitious (simulati), Verg. A. 3, 302; cf.:
falsi sequimur vestigia tauri (i. e. Jovis),Val. Fl. 8, 265:
vultu simulans Haliagmona,Stat. Th. 7, 739:
ita ceteros terruere, ut adesse omnem exercitum trepidi ac falsi nuntiarent,Tac. H. 2, 17:
ne illi falsi sunt qui divorsissumas res pariter expectant,deceived, mistaken, Sall. J. 85, 20; cf.:
falsus utinam vates sim,Liv. 21, 10, 10; so,
vates,id. 4, 46, 5.—Comp. (rare):
quanto est abjectior et falsior ista (theologia),Aug. Civ. D. 7, 5 fin.:
nihil est hominum inepta persuasione falsius,Petr. 132; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 92, 11 Müll.—Sup.:
id autem falsissimum est,Col. 1, 6, 17.—
(b) With gen.:
Felix appellatur Arabia, falsi et ingrati cognominis,Plin. 12, 18, 41, § 82.—
2 False, counterfeit, spurious, = adulterinus (late Lat.): moneta, Cod. Th. 9, 21, 9.—
B As subst.
1 falsus, i, m., a liar, deceiver:
Spurinnam ut falsum arguens,a false prophet, Suet. Caes. 81 fin.; id. Tib. 14.—
2 falsum, i, n., falsehood, fraud:
ex falsis verum effici non potest,Cic. Div. 2, 51, 106; cf.:
veris falsa remiscet,Hor. A. P. 151:
vero distinguere falsum,id. Ep. 1, 10, 29:
falsum scripseram,Cic. Att. 7, 14, 2; Quint. 7, 2, 53:
ex illa causa falsi,i. e. of fraud, Dig. 48, 10 (De lege Cornelia de falsis), 1;
v. the whole title: acclinis falsis animus,Hor. S. 2, 2, 6:
nec obstitit falsis Tiberius,Tac. A. 2, 82:
simulationum falsa,id. ib. 6, 46 et saep.—Adverb.:
telisque non in falsum jactis,i. e. not at random, with effect, Tac. A. 4, 50 fin.:
jurare falsum,Ov. Am. 3, 3, 11.—Adv., untruly, erroneously, unfaithfully, wrongly, falsely; in two forms, falso and false.
1 falso:
eho mavis vituperari falso, quam vero extolli?Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 21 sq.; cf. id. Trin. 1, 2, 173;
so opp. vero,Curt. 5, 2, 2: ei rei dant operam, ut mihi falso maledicatur, Cato ap. Charis. p. 179 P.: falso criminare, Enn. ap. Non. 470, 16:
neque me perpetiar probri Falso insimulatam,id. Am. 3, 2, 7; 21; cf.:
non possum quemquam insimulare falso,Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 107:
falso memoriae proditum,id. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41:
cum Tarquinius ... vivere falso diceretur,id. Rep. 2, 21; cf.:
adesse ejus equites falso nuntiabantur,Caes. B. C. 1, 14, 1:
cum utrumque falso fingerent,Liv. 42, 2:
falso in me conferri,Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 2: aliquem falso occidere, i. e. by mistake, Naev. ap. Charis. p. 179 P.; cf.:
ut miseri parentes quos falso lugent, vivere sciant,Liv. 34, 32, 13; and:
falso lamentari eas Darium vivum,Curt. 3, 12:
falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum,Sall. J. 1:
falso plurima volgus amat,Tib. 3, 3, 20 (so perh. also in Cic. Ac. 2, 46, 141, non assentiar saepe falso, instead of false).—Ellipt.: Da. Si quid narrare occepi, continuo dari tibi verba censes. Si. Falso, Ter. And. 3, 2, 24; cf.:
atqui in talibus rebus aliud utile interdum, aliud honestum videri solet. Falso: nam, etc.,Cic. Off. 3, 18, 74; so Quint. 2, 17, 12; Nep. Alc. 9:
quia inter inpotentes et validos falso quiescas, = quia falluntur qui putant quiesci posse,Tac. Germ. 36.—
2 false (very rare): judicium false factum, Sisenn. ap. Charis. p. 179; Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 78 Fleck. (Cic. Ac. 2, 46, 141 dub., B. and K., al. falso).—Sup.:
quae adversus haec falsissime disputantur,Aug. Conf. 10, 13.