pugno — Lewis & Short
pugno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and very rarely
I a. [root pug-, to thrust, strike, whence pugil, pungo, etc.], to fight, either singly or in armies, to combat, give battle, engage, contend (very freq. and class.).
I Lit.:
neque sinistrā impeditā satis commode pugnare poterant,Caes. B. G. 1, 25:
scutum manu emittere et nudo corpore pugnare,id. ib. 1, 25:
eminus lapidibus,Sall. J. 57, 4:
cominus in acie,Cic. Balb. 9, 23:
ex equo,on horseback, id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:
de loco, Ter. Hec. alt. prol. 33: de ponte,Hirt. B. Afr. 33:
pro muro toto,id. ib. 13:
ex iniquiore loco,id. ib. 42:
pro commodis patriae,Cic. Inv. 1, 1, 1 al.—With cum and abl.:
elige, cum cive an hoste pugnare malis,Liv. 10, 36, 8:
cum hoste in acie,Cic. Balb. 9, 22.—With in and acc.:
ne quis extra ordinem in hostem pugnaret,Liv. 8, 6, 16:
in hostem imparem ex aequo pugnabant,id. 10, 43, 6:
qui contra imperium in hostem pugnaverant,Sall. C. 9, 4; 52, 30.—With adversum and acc.:
saepe ante paucis strenuis advorsum multitudinem bene pugnatum,Sall. J. 107, 1:
advorsum Gallos,id. ib. 114, 1.—With a homogeneous object: magnam pugnavimu' pugnam, Lucil. ap. Don. Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 60; cf.:
haec pugna est pugnata,Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97:
pugna summā contentione pugnata,Cic. Mur. 16, 34; Nep. Hann. 5, 1: inclitam in ponte pugnam ... pugnatam, Liv. 6, 42, 5:
proelia,Hor. C. 4, 9, 19; Sall. J. 54, 7:
bella,Hor. C. 3, 19, 4; id. Ep. 1, 16, 25.— Impers. pass.:
pugnatur uno tempore omnibus locis,the battle is fought, they fight, Caes. B. G. 7, 84:
cominus gladiis pugnatum est,id. ib. 1, 52:
ut in mari quoque pugnetur velut e muris,Plin. 32, 1, 1, § 3.—
II Transf.
A In gen., to contend, conflict, disagree, oppose, contradict; usu. with dat. of person, or with cum:
pugnant Stoici cum Peripateticis,Cic. Fin. 2, 21, 68. —With acc. and inf.:
pugnare non destitit, non esse rerum controversiam, sed nominum,Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 41:
non magno opere pugnare,to contend not very strongly, id. N. D. 3, 1, 3:
noli pugnare duobus,Cat. 62, 64:
ne cupias pugnare puellae,Prop. 1, 12 (10), 21; cf.:
placitone etiam pugnabis amori?Verg. A. 4, 38:
pressis pugnat habenis,id. ib. 11, 600:
ne pugnet vulgus habenis,Stat. Th. 8, 289:
tam eras excors, ut totā in oratione tuā tecum ipse pugnares,you contradicted yourself, Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18. —Of things:
pugnat sententia secum,Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 97:
pugnavit monitis furor,Sil. 10, 284:
pugnatura fretis pila,id. 4, 298: frigida pugnabant calidis, umentia siccis, Mollia cum duris, etc., cold bodies contended with hot, moist with dry, etc., Ov. M. 1, 19: humus, Petr. poët. Sat. 123.—
B To struggle, strive, to endeavor, take pains, exert one's self for any thing (rare but class.):
illud pugna et enitere, ne, etc.,Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 3:
id ne impetremus, pugnabis,id. Lig. 5, 13; cf.:
hoc solum hoc tempore pugnatur, ut, etc.,id. Rosc. Am. 3, 8:
pugnas, ne reddar, Achille,Ov. H. 3, 25 Ruhnk.:
pugnaremque collegae, ut, etc.,Liv. 3, 64.—Poet., with inf.:
pugnat molles evincere somnos,Ov. M. 1, 685; 7, 772; id. H. 13, 77:
incerto pedum pugnat non stare tumultu,Luc. 4, 753; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 196; cf.
, of things,Lucr. 2, 205.—P. a. as subst.: pugnan-tĭa, ium, n., contradictions, inconsistencies:
pugnantia te loqui non vides?Cic. Tusc. 1, 7, 13; cf. Hor. S. 1, 2, 73; 1, 1, 102.