sōl — Lewis & Short
sōl, sōlis, m.Sanscr. svar, shine; cf. Gr. *sei/rios, sei/r, se/las, *(ele/nh; and Lat. serenus.
I Sing., the sun, as a heavenly body.
A In gen.:
tempora duorum generum sunt, unum annale, quod sol circuitu suo finit,Varr. R. R. 1, 27:
solis cursus lunaeque meatus,Lucr. 5, 77:
annum ad cursum solis accommodavit,Suet. Caes. 40:
liquidi fons luminis aetherius sol,Lucr. 5, 282:
quid potest esse sole majus?Cic. Ac. 2, 26, 82:
illud dubium esse nulli potest quin arcus imago solis sit,Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 11.—
B Esp.
1 Sol oriens or solis ortus, the east, as a quarter of the heavens:
spectant in septemtrionem et orientem solem,Caes. B. G. 1, 1; 5, 13; 7, 69; cf.:
a sole exoriente supra Maeotis paludes, Cic. poët. Tusc. 5, 17, 49: si illud signum solis ortum conspiceret,id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:
facem stellae ab ortu solis ad occidentem porrigi visam,Liv. 29, 14, 3:
ab ortu solis flare venti,id. 25, 27, 6.—
2 Sol occidens or solis occasus, the west:
alterum (litus) vergit ad solem occidentem,Caes. B. G. 5, 13:
laborant ut spectent sua triclinaria ad solem occidentem,Varr. R. R. 1, 13 fin.:
spectat inter occasum solis et septemtriones,north-west, Caes. B. G. 1, 1:
quae (pars insulae) est propius solis occasum,id. ib. 4, 28.—Cf. poet.:
sub sole cadente,Manil. 4, 791.—In phrases, sol is often omitted by ellipsis: unde sol oritur oriens nuncupatur aut ortus;
quo demergitur occidens vel occasus,Mel. 1, 1 init.; v. orior, ortus, occĭdo.—
3 Sol oriens or sol (solis) ortus=sunrise; sol occidens or solis (sol) occasus = sunset:
qui solem nec occidentem umquam viderint, nec orientem,Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 23:
sole orto Gracchus copias educit,Liv. 24, 15, 1:
prius orto Sole,Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 113:
certi solis lunaeque et ortus et occasus sunt,Liv. 44, 37, 7:
numquam ab orto sole ad occidentem ... a curiā abscessit,id. 27, 50, 4:
ut, equis insidentes, solis ortu cursum in quemdam locum dirigerent,Val. Max. 7, 3, 2 ext.:
solis occasu,Caes. B. G. 1, 50; Liv. 24, 17, 7:
ad (sub) solis occasum,towards sunset, Caes. B. G. 5, 8; 2, 11:
in occasum declivi sole,Plin. 8, 50, 76, § 203.—Poet.:
surgente a sole,Hor. S. 1, 4, 29.—For sol occasus, v. occidere, and Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 87 (ante solem occasum); id. ib. 5, 7, 35 (ad solem occasum); cf.:
ab exortu ad occasum perstare contuentis solem,Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 22.—
4 To designate a clime, country, etc., as eastern or southern (post-Aug.):
ille Liberi currus triumphantem usque ad Thebas a solis ortu vehat,Sen. Vit. Beat. 25, 4:
terminos civitatis nostrae cum sole metimur,id. Ot. Sap. 4 (31), 1. it tamen ultra oceanum solemque, id. Ep. 94, 63:
sub alio sole,in another clime, Manil. 4, 171; cf.:
ut sua orientis occidentisque terminis finiat (sc. solis),Sen. Ep. 92, 32.—
5 Trop., of a great good or a great man:
sol excidisse mihi e mundo videtur,Cic. Att. 9, 10, 3:
solem e mundo tollere videntur qui, etc.,id. Lael. 13, 47:
P. Africanus, sol alter (with sole geminato),id. N. D. 2, 5, 14; cf. Hor. S. 1, 7, 24:
neque mundum posse duobus solibus regi, neque orbem, etc.,Just. 11, 12.—
6 Prov.:
et sceleratis sol oritur,Sen. Ben. 4, 26, 1; cf.:
qui solem suum oriri facit super bonos et malos,Vulg. Matt. 5, 45: nondum omnium dierum sol occidit (Germ. Es ist noch nicht aller Tage Abend) = there are more days yet to come, sc. when the tables may be turned, Liv. 39, 26, 9.—
C The poets reckon time in many ways by the movement, etc., of the sun:
bis me sol adiit gelidae post frigora brumae,two years, Ov. Tr. 4, 7, 1:
donec sol annuus omnes conficeret metas,within a year, Stat. Achill. 1, 455; cf. Nemes. Cyn. 122:
octavo lumine solis,on the eighth day, Lucr. 6, 1195:
sol septimus,Juv. 15, 44:
cum sol Herculei terga leonis adit,in midsummer, Ov. A. A. 1, 68: O sol Pulcher, O laudande (= dies;
sc. Augusti reditus),Hor. C. 4, 2, 46; cf. id. S. 1, 9, 72:
supremo sole,at noon, id. Ep. 1, 5, 3:
sub medium solem,Manil. 4, 651; cf. id. 4, 593:
sol abit,it is growing late, Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 32; cf.:
a primo ad ultimum solem,all day long, Amm. 14, 6, 10.—
D Transf., the sun, sunlight, sunshine, heat of the sun:
ager soli ostentus,exposed to the sun, Cato, R. R. 6:
sarmenta imponito quae frigus defendant et solem,id. ib. 48 (49):
uvas ponite in sole biduum,id. ib. 112 (113):
sol semper hic est a mani ad vesperum,Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 80:
quin exta inspicere in sole etiam vivo licet,id. Aul. 3, 6, 29:
nec res posse in sole videri, ni, etc.,Lucr. 5, 292:
nunc quidem paululum a sole,out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92:
cum in sole ambulem,id. de Or. 2, 14, 60:
apricatio in illo Lucretino tuo sole,id. Att. 7, 11, 1; cf. id. ib. 12, 6, 1:
iter in calescente sole factum erat,Liv. 44, 36 init.:
torrente meridiano sole,id. 44, 38:
ex vehementi sole,id. 28, 15, 11:
urente assiduo sole,id. 44, 33 fin.:
ut veniens dextrum latus aspiciat sol,light of the morning sun, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 6:
reformidant insuetum lumina solem,Ov. P. 3, 4, 49; cf.:
nam et solem lumina aegra formidant,Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 6:
adversi solis ab ictu,sunstroke, Ov. M. 3, 183:
altera (spelunca) solem non recipit,Sen. Ep. 55, 6:
sole correptis,Plin. 29, 6, 38, § 119:
pisces, quos sole torreant,id. 7, 2, 2, § 30:
siccatur in sole,id. 19, 1, 3, § 16:
in agmine (Caesar) anteibat capite detecto, seu sol seu imber esset,Suet. Caes. 57:
patiens pulveris atque solis,Hor. C. 1, 8, 4.— And trop.: in solem ac pulverem procedere, or producere, into heat and dust, i. e. into practical life (opp. umbra eruditorum), Cic. Brut. 9, 37; id. Leg. 3, 6, 14.—In a similar sense:
cedat stilus gladio, umbra soli,Cic. Mur. 14, 30.—Prov.:
clarior quam solis radii,Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 2:
sole ipso est clarius,Arn. 1, n. 47; cf.
the class. luce clarius, and: cum id solis luce videatur clarius,Cic. Div. 1, 3, 6.
II Plur.
A Suns, images of the sun (class.):
neque pauci neque leves sunt qui se duo soles vidisse dicant,Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 15:
Albae duos soles visos ferebant,Liv. 28, 11, 3:
et rursus plures soles simul cernuntur,Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99:
quid eas vocem? imagines solis? Historici soles vocant, et binos ternosque adparuisse memoriae tradunt,Sen. Q. N. 1, 11, 2.—
B Poet. = days (v. I. C.):
nec tamen illis solibus ulla comparebat avis,Lucr. 6, 1219:
saepe ego longos Cantando puerum memini me condere soles,to spend the long summer days in singing, Verg. E. 9, 52:
tres soles ... Erramus,id. A. 3, 203; cf. Sil. 3, 554:
Bajani soles,the sunny days of Bajœ, Mart. 6, 43, 5:
O soles!id. 10, 51, 6: soles fulsere quondam tibi candidi, Cat. 8, 3, 8:
soles occidere et redire possunt,id. 5, 4:
longis solibus,Stat. Th. 5, 460:
solibus arctis,short winter days, id. S. 1, 3, 88.—So, to describe certain seasons:
solibus hibernis ... gratior,than the sun in winter, Ov. M. 13, 793:
si numeres anno soles et nubila toto,the sunny and cloudy days, id. Tr. 5, 8, 31.—
C Light or heat of the sun (poet. and in postAug. prose; cf.
D. supra): pars terrai perusta solibus assiduis,Lucr. 5, 253; cf. Ov. H. 5, 112:
pluviis et solibus icta,Lucr. 6, 1101:
quae carent ventis et solibus,i. e. are buried, Hor. Epod. 16, 13; 2, 41:
et soles melius nitent,id. C. 4, 5, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 10, 17:
ex imbri soles Prospicere ... poteris,Verg. G. 1, 393:
inque novos soles audent se gramina tuto Credere,id. ib. 2, 332;
similarly,Ov. F. 4, 404; Stat. Th. 1, 363; 4, 421; 4, 831:
tum blandi soles,Ov. F. 1, 157:
frigore soles juvant,id. R. Am. 405; so Mart. 10, 42:
Romulus et frater ... Solibus et campo corpora nuda dabant,Ov. F. 2, 366:
aequora semper solibus orba tument,id. P. 1, 3, 54:
solibus rupta glacies,Juv. 4, 43:
geminā pereunt caligine soles,Stat. Th. 5, 154:
aestivos quo decipis aere soles?id. S. 4, 4, 19:
tacent exhausti solibus amnes,id. Th. 3, 2, 59; 4, 56; Mart. 10, 12, 7; 8, 14, 4; 14, 28; Ov. M. 1, 435:
cura soles assiduo quaerendi,Plin. 26, 3, 8, § 16:
perpeti soles,id. 36, 22, 45, § 162:
evitatis solibus,id. 28, 12, 50, § 186:
(sal) siccatur aestivis solibus,id. 31, 7, 39, § 73:
merguntur in aquam solibus tepefactam,id. 19, 1, 3, § 17:
nec campi minus soles accipiunt,id. 17, 4, 3, § 29:
sarculatio novos soles admittit,id. 18, 21, 50, § 184; cf. id. 12, 5, 11, § 23; 12, 7, 14, § 26:
aurea pellebant tepidos umbracula soles,Ov. F. 2, 311:
dum patula defendimus arbore soles,Stat. S. 3, 1, 70.—Very rarely of the sun's revolution, without reference to light or heat:
quae via soles praecipitet,Stat. Th. 6, 362.—In class. prose sometimes solis ardores, with the force of the poet. soles:
et nimios solis defendit ardores,Cic. Sen. 15, 53; cf.:
propter nimios solis ardores,Sen. Ep. 90, 17.
III Sol, the Sun-god.
A Lit.
a The ancient Italian deity Sol, represented as driving the four-horse sun-chariot from east to west; later identified with the Greek Helios, and hence often called Titan or Phœbus by the poets:
signi dic quid est? Cum quadrigis Sol exoriens,Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 269:
Sol ... aeternam suscepit lampada mundi,Lucr. 5, 402:
rapax vis Solis equorum,id. 5, 402:
quod magni filia Solis eram,Ov. R. Am. 276; id. M. 14, 346:
Solis currus,id. P. 4, 6, 48:
secundum (invocabis) Solem et Lunam,Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.:
grates tibi ago, summe Sol,Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9:
Sol Phaëthonti filio facturum se esse dixit quidquid optasset,id. Off. 3, 25, 94:
Quid? illum filium Solis nonne patris ipsius luce indignum putas?id. Tusc. 3, 12, 26:
qui Solem aurigando aequiperare existimaretur,Suet. Ner. 53:
Solis colossus Rhodi,Plin. 34, 7, 18, § 41; 34, 8, 19, § 63.—Comic.:
credo edepol equidem dormire Solem atque adpotum probe,Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 129.—
b The Phœnician sun-god Heliogabalus (Elagabal), whose worship was introduced by the later emperors (Aurelianus, Heliogabalus):
ad templum Heliogabali tetendit ... et Romae Soli templum posuit,Vop. Aur. 25; cf. id. ib. 4; 14; 35; 39; Lampr. Heliog. 1; 3; afterwards called Sol Invictus, whose birthday, acc. to the Calendar. Const., was celebrated December 25th; cf. Julian. Or. 4, p. 156.—
c Of the sun-worship of other nations:
(Germani) deorum numero ducunt Solem et Vulcanum et Lunam,Caes. B. G. 6, 21; cf.:
rex regum, frater Solis et Lunae,of the king of Persia, Amm. 17, 5, 3.—
B The sun-god as emblem of omniscience:
non potuit reperire, si ipsi Soli quaerundas dares, lepidiores ad hanc rem quam ego dabo,Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 206:
meliorem neque tu reperis, neque Sol videt,id. Stich. 1, 2, 53:
at vigiles mundi ... Sol et Luna,Lucr. 5, 1435:
si hoc uno quicquam Sol vidisset iniquius,Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28:
O Solem ipsum beatissimum, qui antequam se abderet fugientem vidit Antonium,id. Phil. 14, 10, 27:
Solem consule, qui late facta diurna videt,Ov. F. 4, 582:
quis Solem fallere possit?id. A. A. 2, 573; cf. Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 21; Sen. Herc. Fur. 595.—Hence represented as betrayer of conspiracies: propiusque honos Boli, qui occulta conjurationis retexisset, Tac. A. 15, 74;
to him was commended the detection of murderers, in inscriptions over the slain: SOL, TIBI COMMENDO QVI MANVS INTVLIT EI,Inscr. Orell. 4791:
SOL, TV INDICES EIVS MORTEM,ib. 4792.—
C Poet., to describe the times of the day: solverat flagrantes Sol pronus equos, = it was night, Stat. Th. 3, 408: Sol operum medius summo librabat Olympo Lucentes, ceu staret, equos, = it was mid-day, id. ib. 5, 85.
IV In gen., solis as an appellation.
A DIES SOLIS, Sunday (late Lat.), Inscr. Orell. 508.—
B Solis gemma, a precious stone, Plin. 37, 10, 67, § 181.—
C Solis insula, off the coast of Gedrosia, Plin. 6, 22, 24, § 86; 6, 23, 26, § 97.—
D Solis fons, in Marmorica, Curt. 4, 7, 22; Mela, 1, 8, 1; Plin. 5, 5, 5, § 31.—
E Solis promunturium, in Africa, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 9.—
F Solis oppidum, a town in Ægina, Plin. 5, 9, 11, § 61.