frāter — Lewis & Short
frāter, tris, m.Sanscr. bhrātā; Gr. fra/thr, fra/twr, clansman; Goth. brothar; Engl. brother,
I a brother.
I Lit.:
frater mi, salve,Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 58; cf.:
mi frater, mi frater, mi frater, tune id veritus es? etc.,Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:
amabo te, mi frater, ne, etc.,id. ib. 1, 4, 1:
L. frater meus,Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 11, § 25:
uxores habent inter se communes: et maxime fratres cum fratribus,Caes. B. G. 5, 14, 4; cf.:
fratrem a fratre renuntiatum,id. ib. 7, 33, 3:
et filius et fratris filius,id. ib. 5, 27, 2:
fratris filia,Plin. Ep. 8, 11, 1:
fratres gemini,twin-brothers, Cic. Clu. 16, 46; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 41:
fratres gemelli,Ov. H. 8, 77;
also in the reverse order: gemini fratres,Cic. Div. 2, 43, 90; Liv. 1, 5, 6; Suet. Caes. 10; Verg. A. 7, 670; Ov. H. 17, 250 (and therefore wrongly censured by Quint.:
quaedam ordine permutato fiunt supervacua, ut fratres gemini: nam si praecesserint gemini, fratres addere non est necesse,Quint. 9, 4, 24).— Also in sing.: To. Hic ejus geminus est frater. Do. Hiccine'st? To. Ac geminissimus. Do. Di deaeque et te et geminum fratrem excrucient, Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 49 sq.:
venimus fratrem quaesitum geminum germanum meum,my full twin-brother, id. Men. 2, 1, 7; cf.:
spes mihi est, vos inventuros fratres germanos duos Geminos, una matre natos et patre uno uno die,id. ib. 5, 9, 43:
Cn. Phaenius ... frater germanus Q. Titinii,full brother, own brother, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 49, § 128; id. Font. 17, 36:
fratres uterini,brothers by the same mother, uterine brothers, Cod. Just. 5, 62, 21: fratribus illa (templa) deis fratres de gente deorum Circa Juturnae composuere lacus, the brothers of a race of gods (Tiberius and Drusus), descended from the divine brothers (Castor and Pollux), Ov. F. 1, 707.—Of the giants:
fratresque tendentes opaco Pelion imposuisse Olympo,Hor. C. 3, 4, 51:
conjurati fratres,Verg. G. 1, 280.—Poet. of dogs:
et Thous et Cyprio velox cum fratre Lycisca,Ov. M. 3, 220; Grat. Cyneg. 299.
II Transf.
A Like our word brother, as a familiar appellation of friends and lovers.
1 In gen.:
quam copiose laudatur Apronius a Timarchide ... Volo, mi frater, fraterculo tuo credas: consorti quidem in lucris atque in furtis, gemino et simillimo nequitia, improbitate, audacia,Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 66, § 155:
frater, pater, adde: Ut cuique est aetas, ita quemque facetus adopta,Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 54:
frater erat Romae consulti rhetor,id. ib. 2, 2, 87:
eheu cicatricum et sceleris pudet Fratrumque,i. e. of dear fellow-citizens, id. C. 1, 35, 34; Juv. 5, 135; cf. Phaedr. 1, 31, 5.—So freq. of civil wars:
gaudent perfusi sanguine fratrum,Verg. G. 2, 510:
crudeles gaudent in tristi funere fratrum,Lucr. 3, 70.—
2 In partic.
a Of lovers:
nisi intercederent mihi inimicitiae cum istius mulieris viro: fratre volui dicere: semper hic erro,Cic. Cael. 13, 32; cf. Tib. 3, 1, 23; Mart. 2, 4, 3; 10, 65, 14 (cf. soror); Petr. 9, 2.—
b In publicists' lang., an honorary title given to allies:
Aedui, fratres consanguineique saepenumero a senatu appellati,Caes. B. G. 1, 32, 2; 2, 3, 5:
non modo hostes, sed etiam fratres nostri Aedui,Cic. Fam. 7, 10 fin.:
Aedui fratres nostri pugnant,id. Att. 1, 19, 2 (cf. fraternitas). —
B Fratres for brother and sister (as also the Gr. a)delfoi/):
Lucius et Titia fratres emancipati a patre,Dig. 10, 2, 38:
tres fratres, Titius, Naevius et Seia,ib. 2, 14, 35:
fratrum incestus, amor,Tac. A. 12, 4:
INFANTIBVS HILARIONI ET REVOCATAE FRATRIBVS,Inscr. Orell. 4583.—
C Like Gr. a)delfo/s, of near kindred.
1 Frater patruelis, a cousin, a father's brother's son:
hic illius frater patruelis et socer T. Torquatus,Cic. Planc. 11, 27; cf.:
L. Cicero frater noster, cognatione patruelis, amore germanus,id. Fin. 5, 1, 1; cf. Dig. 38, 10, 1, § 10;
for which simply frater,Cic. Clu. 24, 60; id. Att. 1, 5, 1; Cat. 66, 22; Ov. H. 8, 28; id. M. 13, 31; Tac. A. 3, 38; 11, 9; Just. 17, 3; Cic. Post Red. in Sen. 10, 25.—
2 Perh. also for levir (cf. the Fr. beaufrère), a brother-in-law, sister's husband:
prope attonitus ipso congressu Numida, gratias de fratris filio remisso agit,Liv. 28, 35, 8 (cf. id. 27, 19, 9).—
D Fratres Arvales, a college of priests; v. arvalis.—
E Frater Solis et Lunae, the title of the Parthian kings, Amm. 17, 5; 23, 5.—
F Of things of a like kind (so, too, the Gr. a\delfo/s; cf.
also soror): aspicies illic positos ex ordine fratres (i. e. libros),Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 107; so Mart. 12, 3, 6.—As a proper name:
(In Mauretania) montes sunt alti, qui ... ob numerum Septem, ob similitudinem Fratres nuncupantur,Mel. 1, 5, 5; Plin. 5, 2, 1, § 18; Sol. 25 (in Ptolemy, *(epta\ a)delfoi/; cf. Mann. Afr. 2, p. 459).