sustĭnĕo — Lewis & Short
sustĭnĕo, tĭnŭi, tentum, 2, v. a.subs for sub, and teneo,
I to hold up, hold upright, uphold, to bear up, keep up, support, sustain (syn. fulcio).
I Lit.
A In gen.:
onus alicui,Plaut. As. 3, 3, 68:
quantum hominum terra sustinet,id. Poen. prol. 90; id. Men. 1, 1, 13:
cum Milo umeris sustineret bovem vivum,Cic. Sen. 10, 33:
arma membraque,Liv. 23, 45, 3; Curt. 6, 1, 11; 7, 5, 8:
infirmos baculo artus,to support, Ov. M. 6, 27:
furcis spectacula,Liv. 1, 35, 9:
ingenuā speculum manu,Ov. A. A. 2, 216:
fornice exstructo, quo pons sustinebatur, Auct. B. Alex. 19, 4: manibus clipeos et hastam Et galeam,Ov. H. 3, 119:
vix populum tellus sustinet illa suum,id. ib. 15 (16), 182:
lapis albus Pocula cum cyatho duo sustinet,Hor. S. 1, 6, 117:
vas ad sustinenda opsonia,Plin. 33, 11, 49, § 140:
aër volatus alitum sustinet,Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101: lacus omnia illata pondera sustinens, bearing on its surface, Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 127:
ecce populus Romanus universus veluti duobus navigiis inpositus binis cardinibus sustinetur,id. 36, 15, 24, § 119:
domum pluribus adminiculis fulcit ac sustinet,Plin. Ep. 4, 21, 3: se, to support one's self, hold one's self up, stand, etc., Caes. B. G. 2, 25; so,
se a lapsu,Liv. 21, 35:
se alis,Ov. M. 4, 411. —
B In partic., to hold or keep back, to keep in, stay, check, restrain, control, etc. (syn.: refreno, supprimo, moror): currum equosque, Lucil. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 21, 3:
currum,id. Lael. 17, 63 (v. infra, II. B. 3.):
equos,Caes. B. G. 4, 33:
remos,Cic. Att. 13, 21, 3:
manum,Ov. F. 5, 302:
sustinet a jugulo dextram,Verg. A. 11, 750:
a jugulo nitentem sustinet hastam,Stat. Th. 2, 648:
flumina Threiciā lyrā,Prop. 3, 2, 2 (4, 1, 42):
nunc agendo, nunc sustinendo agmen,Liv. 25, 36, 1:
aliud simile miraculum eos sustinuit,id. 5, 39, 2:
signa,id. 31, 24, 8:
gradum,Ov. F. 6, 398:
perterritum exercitum,Caes. B. C. 1, 71:
se,Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 41; Val. Fl. 3, 100:
se ab omni assensu,i. e. to refrain, Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 48:
se a respondendo,id. ib. 2, 32, 104. — Poet.:
celeres vias,i. e. to halt, Sen. Hippol. 794.—
II Trop.
A In gen., to uphold, sustain, maintain, preserve:
dignitatem et decus civitatis,Cic. Off. 1, 34, 124:
causam rei publicae,id. Fam. 9, 8, 2; cf.:
causam publicam,id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 27:
exspectationem,id. Off. 3, 2, 6:
tris personas unus sustineo,characters, id. de Or. 2, 24, 102:
personam magistri,to personate, Suet. Gram. 24:
quid muneris in rem publicam fungi ac sustinere velitis,Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 86, § 199:
historiam veterem atque antiquam haec mea senectus sustinet,Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 100: vitam, Maecen. ap. Sen. Ep. 101, 11.—Poet.:
(arbor) ingentem sustinet umbram,Verg. G. 2, 297.—
B In partic.
1 To sustain, support, maintain, by food, money, or other means:
hac (sc. re frumentariā) alimur et sustinemur,Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 5, § 11:
veterem amicum suum labentem excepit, fulsit et sustinuit re, fortunā, fide,id. Rab. Post. 16, 43:
qui ager non amplius hominum quinque milia potest sustinere,id. Att. 2, 16, 1:
alicujus munificentiā sustineri,Liv. 39, 9, 6:
hinc patriam parvosque nepotes Sustinet,Verg. G. 2, 515:
necessitates aliorum,Liv. 6, 15, 9:
plebem,id. 3, 65, 6:
penuriam temporum,Col. 9, 14, 17.—
2 To bear, undergo, endure; to hold out against, withstand (so most freq.;
syn.: fero, tolero, patior): mala ferre sustinereque,Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:
non tu scis, quantum malarum rerum sustineam,Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 8:
innocens suspitionem hanc sustinet causā meā,id. Bacch. 3, 3, 32:
labores,Cic. Rep. 1, 3:
aestatem,Hirt. B. G. 8, 39, 3:
dolorem pedum,Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 5:
dolores,id. ib. 1, 12, 8:
certamen,Liv. 33, 36, 12:
vim hostium,Nep. Hann. 11, 4:
periculum,Dig. 18, 6, 1:
o dii, quis hujus potentiam poterit sustinere?Cic. Phil. 7, 6, 17:
alicujus imperia,Caes. B. G. 1, 31:
vulnera,id. ib. 1, 45:
Philo ea sustinere vix poterat, quae contra Academicorum pertinaciam dicebantur,Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 18; Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 10, 2:
Peloponnesum,Cic. Att. 10, 12, 7: eos (rogantes), Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 3; Liv. 31, 13:
senatus querentes eos non sustinuit,id. 31, 13, 4:
justa petentem deam,Ov. M. 14, 788:
ferrum ignemque Jovemque,id. ib. 13, 385 et saep.—Absol.: expectes et sustineas necesse est, Mart. 9, 3, 13:
neque jam sustineri poterat,Caes. B. G. 2, 6; cf. Cic. Fam. 12, 6, 4; Liv. 29, 6, 17.—
(b) With obj.-clause (mostly with a negative: non sustinet, he cannot bear, cannot endure; he does not take upon himself, does not venture):
non sustineo esse conscius mihi dissimulati judicii mei,Quint. 3, 6, 64:
non impositos supremis ignibus artus Sustinuit spectare parens,Ov. M. 13, 584;
so negatively,id. ib. 1, 530; 6, 367; 6, 606; 9, 439; 10, 47; id. F. 4, 850; Vell. 2, 86, 2. —
In a negative interrog.: sustinebant tales viri, se tot senatoribus, etc. ... non credidisse? tantae populi Romani voluntati restitisse? Sustineant. Reperiemus, etc.,Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10:
hoc quidem quis hominum sustineat petulans esse ad alterius arbitrium?Quint. 12, 9, 10; 3, 6, 64:
deserere officii sui partes,Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 16; 9, 13, 6:
Parmenionem rursus castigare non sustinebat,Curt. 4, 13, 8; 6, 1, 15:
nec solus bibere sustineo,id. 7, 5, 12; 7, 6, 15; 8, 5, 7; Vell. 2, 86, 2; Suet. Caes. 75.—Affirmatively:
quem in vinculis habituri erant, sustinuere venerari,Curt. 5, 10, 13:
colloqui cum eo, quem damnaverat, sustinuit,id. 6, 8, 16; 7, 5, 38; 10, 5, 25:
quae se praeferre Dianae Sustinuit,took upon herself, presumed, Ov. M. 11, 322; so,
sustinet ire illuc,id. ib. 4, 447; 6, 563; id. H. 5, 32; Phaedr. 4, 16, 8: aliquem videre, Auct. Cons. Liv. 135:
si quis aquam ... haurire sustineat,Plin. 30, 7, 20, § 64:
mentiri,Petr. 116.—
3 (Acc. to I. B.) To hold in, stop, stay, check, restrain; to keep back, put off, defer, delay:
est igitur prudentis sustinere ut currum sic impetum benevolentiae,Cic. Lael. 17, 63; so,
impetum hostis,Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 1, 26; 2, 11;
3, 2 et saep.: subitas hostium incursiones,Hirt. B. G. 8, 11; cf.:
Curio praemittit equites, qui primum impetum sustineant ac morentur,Caes. B. C. 2, 26:
bellum consilio,Liv. 3, 60, 1:
assensus lubricos,Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 108:
sustinenda solutio est nominis Caerelliani,id. Att. 12, 51, 3:
oppugnationem ad noctem,Caes. B. G. 5, 37, 6:
rem in noctem,Liv. 5, 35, 7:
iram,id. 2, 19, 4.