LOGOI

The corpus record — Latin

vir

vir

man

Generated live from the audited Latin corpus — every figure on this page is a database query, not prose from memory.

Where it lives

Densest 12 of 314 attested works shown, by occurrences per 10,000 attested tokens.

What it meant

1. vir — de Vaan

vir 'man' [m, o] (Andr.+) Derivatives: virilis 'of a man, male' (PL+), virago, -inis [f ] 'strong or warlike woman' (P1.+), viracius 'manly' (Varro), virJtim [adv.] 'man by man, individually' (PL+), virosus 'having an excessive sexual craving for men' (Lucil.H-), virtus, -tutis 'manly qualities, valour' (Andr.+); evirare 'to unman' (Varro+). Pit *wiro-. It. cognates: UL uiro, ueiro [acc.pl.] 'company of men, troops' … — [de Vaan, s.v. vir, p. 695]

2. vĭr — Lewis & Short

vĭr, vĭri (

I gen. plur. virūm, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 251 P., or Ann. v. 280 Vahl.; id. ap. Fest. p. 257 Müll., or Ann. v. 394 Vahl.; Verg. A. 6, 553 al.), m. Sanscr. vira, hero; the root is in O. H. Germ. weralt; Angl.Sax. veruld; Engl. world, i. e. age or generation of men, a male person, a man (opp. femina; cf. mas).
I In gen.: virum me natam vellem, Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 9: deque viro factus (mirabile') femina, Ov. M. 3, 326: ambiguus fuerit modo vir, modo femina Sithon, id. ib. 4, 280: mulier conjuncta viro, Lucr. 5, 1012: vir mulierque, Tib. 2, 2, 2: sapientissimorum nostrae civitatis virorum disputatio, Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13: vir prudens, id. ib. 1, 12, 18: clari viri, id. Fam. 6, 6, 12: vir clarus et honoratus, id. Sen. 7, 22: praestantior, id. ib. 23, 84: bonus et sapiens et legibus parens, id. Fin. 3, 19, 64; cf. id. Off. 3, 15, 64; v. bonus: optimi (opp. homines improbi), id. Cael. 5, 12: fortis, id. Fin. 3, 8, 29; id. Rep. 1, 3, 5: turpissimus, Sall. J. 85, 42: nefandus, Verg. A. 4, 498.—
II In partic.
A A man as related to a woman, a husband, maritus (very freq.): is (Juppiter) amare occepit Alcumenam clam virum, Plaut. Am. prol. 107; 111; 134; 1, 3, 4; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 1: quem (vultum) dicitur Xanthippe praedicare solita in viro suo fuisse, Cic. Tusc. 3, 15, 31; Cic. Verr. 5, 31, 82; id. Cael. 13, 32; id. Fam. 7, 23, 4; Liv. 1, 46, 6; Hor. C. 2, 18, 28; 3, 3, 68; id. S. 1, 2, 127 al.; Ov. M. 1, 146; Petr. 111; Quint. 5, 10, 62; 5, 11, 28; 7, 1, 28; Suet. Aug. 69; id. Calig. 25; id. Claud. 29; id. Ner. 35; id. Dom. 22 al.—Transf., of animals, the male, mate, etc., Verg. E. 7, 7; Ov. M. 1, 660; Mart. 3, 93, 11; Sol. 23.—
B A man (opp. a boy): pueri hoc possunt, viri non potuerunt? Cic. Tusc. 2, 14, 34: ex toto non sic pueri ut viri curari debent, Cels. 3, 7 fin.: pueroque viroque, Ov. M. 13, 397: neque eos (pueros) prius in urbem redire, quam viri facti essent, statuit, Just. 3, 3, 7: cum essem parvulus ... quando factus sum vir, etc., Vulg. 1 Cor. 13, 11.—
C Pregn., a man, a man of courage, principle, or honor, one who deserves the name of a man: Marius rusticanus vir, sed plane vir, cum secaretur, vetuit se alligari ... Ita et tulit dolorem, ut vir; et, ut homo, majorem ferre sine causā necessariā noluit, Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 53; cf. id. Fam. 5, 17, 3: cum is jam se corroboravisset ac vir inter viros esset, id. Cael. 5, 11: te oro, te colligas virumque praebeas, id. Fam. 5, 18, 1: si vir esse volet, praeclara sunodi/a, id. Att. 10, 7, 2: tum viro et gubernatore opus est, Liv. 24, 8, 1; 1, 41, 3; 1, 46, 6; 2, 38, 6 et saep.: si quid in Flacco viri est, Non feret, Hor. Epod. 15, 12.—
D In milit. lang.
1 In gen., like our man, for soldier (syn. miles): dispertiti viri, dispertiti ordines, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 65; cf.: boat Caelum fremitu virum, id. ib. 1, 1, 78: vir unus cum viro congrediendo, T. Manlius, M. Valerius, quantum Gallicam rabiem vinceret Romana virtus, docuerunt, Liv. 38, 17, 8.—
2 In partic., as opposed to the cavalry, a foot-soldier (syn. pedes): equites virique, Liv. 21, 27, 1: magnā voce trahens equitemque virosque, Sil. 9, 559: passim turmaeque virique, etc., Petr. 123.—Hence, prov.: equis viris, or viris equisque, with horse and foot, i. e. with might and main; v. equus.—
E With emphasis in place of a pronoun of reference, is, ille, etc.: fletusque et conploratio fregere tandem virum, Liv. 2, 40, 9: hae tantae viri virtutes, id. 21, 4, 9; Sall. J. 9, 3.—
F Distributively, each man, every man: vir virum legit, of choosing a senator, Suet. Aug. 35: vir cum viro congrediaris, Liv. 22, 14, 14: legitque virum vir, singled out (in battle), Verg. A. 11, 632 (an imitation of Hom. Il. 4, 472: a)nh\r d' a)/ndr' e)dnopa/lizen): cum vir virum legisset, i. e. a companion in battle, Liv. 9, 39, 5; cf., in a sarcastic transfer-: ille (Clodius), qui semper secum scorta, semper exoletos, semper lupas ducebat, tum neminem, nisi ut virum a viro lectum esse diceres, Cic. Mil. 21, 55.—
G Human beings (poet. homines, opp. pecudes), Ov. M. 1, 286; cf. Verg. A. 6, 553.—
H Manhood, virility (poet. and very rare): ut relicta sensit sibi membra sine viro, Cat. 63, 6: ferro mollita juventus Atque exsecta virum, Luc. 10, 134.

3. vir — Walde–Hofmann

vir, viri „Mann, Gatte" (seit Liv. Andr. Enn., Plaut., Cato), vira, -ae f. 'quod est & virö’ (Orig. in Matth. 14, 16, Isid. orig. 11, 2, 23, Fest. p. 261, s. Leumann-Stolz* 204), virägö, -inis f. „mannhafte Jungfrau, Heldin“ (dichterich seit Enn. und Pit., wiederaufgenommen von Ver ‚und Ov, usw. ; s. Buecheler Kl. Schr. 1 5771, Leumann-Stolz* 241 [nach imägö?, oder von vira, *viräre?]), virilis, -e (pars, portió; … — [Walde–Hofmann, s.v. vir, p. 1704]

In the wild

6 of 5,991 attestations shown.

Where it came from

  • de Vaan, Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Brill 2008) Treated in de Vaan, Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Brill 2008) s.v. vir (scan p. 695; entry #1999). Root candidates: *wiro-, *uiro-, *mro-.
  • Ernout-Meillet, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue latine Treated in Ernout-Meillet, Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue latine s.v. uir (scan p. 763; entry #12730).
  • Walde-Hofmann, Lateinisches etymologisches Worterbuch Treated in Walde-Hofmann, Lateinisches etymologisches Worterbuch s.v. vir (scan pp. 1704-1705; entry #3268). Root candidates: *uei-, *ui-.

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Latin text and lemmatization derived from the Perseus Digital Library (canonical-latinLit), CC BY-SA 4.0. Lewis & Short (public domain) via Perseus. This derived data is shared under the same CC BY-SA 4.0 license.